Curved cross-flow heat exchanger

Abstract

A curved cross-flow heat exchanger including a first flow path for a first fluid stream which is arranged substantially at right angles to a second flow path for a second fluid stream, wherein: the first flow path is confined within one or more heat exchanger sections that bridge between opposite sides of the heat exchanger, the one or more heat exchanger sections having a leading edge positioned in the second flow path, wherein each of the one or more heat exchanger sections is a curved laminated heat exchanger section and comprises a leading edge that is curved in a direction normal to the second flow path.

Claims

1. A curved cross-flow heat exchanger comprising a first flow path for a first fluid stream which is arranged substantially at right angles to a second flow path for a second fluid stream, wherein: the first flow path is confined within one or more heat exchanger sections that bridge between opposite sides of the heat exchanger, the one or more heat exchanger sections having a leading edge positioned in the second flow path, wherein each of the one or more heat exchanger sections is a curved laminated heat exchanger section and comprises a leading edge that is curved in a direction normal to the second flow path, wherein each of the one or more heat exchanger sections comprises a plurality of laminate members that are stacked one on top of another and follow a curved profile, each comprising a leading edge portion such that the leading edge portions of the stacked laminate members form the leading edge of the curved laminated heat exchanger section, and wherein the stacked laminate members form two or more channels of the first flow path, and each channel comprises at least a pair of laminate members with opposed hollowed regions.

2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laminate members comprise an array of heat transfer elements.

3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, comprising two or more curved laminated heat exchanger sections, the second flow path being defined, at least in part, by adjacent curved laminated heat exchanger sections.

4. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second flow path comprises formations extending between adjacent curved laminated heat exchanger sections.

5. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 4, wherein the formations comprise corrugated fins.

6. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first fluid is a gas and the second fluid is a gas.

7. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first fluid is a liquid and the second fluid is a gas.

8. A method of manufacturing a curved cross-flow heat exchanger comprising a first flow path for a first fluid stream which is arranged substantially at right angles to a second flow path for a second fluid stream, the method comprising: producing a plurality of laminate members; assembling the plurality of laminate members into a stack to form a curved laminated heat exchanger section for the first fluid stream; arranging the curved laminated heat exchanger section between opposite sides of the cross-flow heat exchanger to provide an assembly in which the curved laminated heat exchanger section comprises a leading edge curved in a direction normal to the second flow path; and brazing the components to one another, wherein each laminate member comprises a leading edge portion such that the leading edge portions of the stacked laminate members form the leading edge of the curved laminated heat exchanger section, and wherein the stacked laminate members form two or more channels of the first flow path, and each channel comprises at least a pair of laminate members with opposed hollowed regions.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising alternately stacking a plurality of the curved laminated heat exchanger sections, with formations arranged in the second flow path.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, comprising brazing the stack of laminate members to one another prior to brazing the curved laminated heat exchanger sections to the heat exchange member.

11. The method as claimed in claim 9, comprising brazing the stack of laminate members to one another and brazing the curved laminated heat exchanger sections to the formations during the same brazing step.

12. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the brazing is vacuum brazing.

13. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the formations of the second flow path are conformed to the curvature of the curved laminated heat exchanger section during the assembly of the curved cross-flow heat exchanger.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) Certain embodiments will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

(2) FIGS. 1 and 2 show schematic views of embodiments of a curved cross-flow heat exchanger;

(3) FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show examples of a laminated heat exchanger section; and

(4) FIGS. 6 to 10 show examples of laminate members.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) Turning to FIG. 1, an exemplary curved cross-flow heat exchanger 1 is shown comprising a first flow path 2 for a first fluid stream, which is arranged substantially at right angles to a second flow path 3 for a second fluid stream. The first flow path 2 is confined within a plurality of curved laminated heat exchanger sections 10 (three are shown in the figure by way of example), each bridging between opposite sides 4, 5 of the heat exchanger 1. The second flow path 3 passes between the curved laminated heat exchanger sections 10. As can be seen in the figure, the leading edge 11 of each heat exchanger section 10 is curved in a direction normal to the second flow path 3. The spaced leading edges 11 define intakes 8 for the second fluid stream to enter the heat exchanger 1 and pass over the one or more heat exchanger sections containing the first fluid stream.

(6) The first flow path 2 may comprise one or more channels within each heat exchanger section 10, and each channel may have an inlet at one side 4 and an outlet at the other side 5. The fluid may flow in a continuous direction within the channels from one side to the other. A manifold 4′ on one side 4 may distribute the fluid to the inlets, and a manifold 5′ on the other side 5 may collect the fluid from the outlets.

(7) Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2, the fluid can flow along a serpentine path from one side 4 to the other side 5 and back again. A manifold comprising two chambers 4′, 4″ may be provided as shown on just one side of the heat exchanger 4 to distribute the fluid to the inlets and collect it from the outlets.

(8) The first flow path may serpentine in the thickness direction of the heat exchanger sections 10 (normal to the second flow path 3 and in the direction of the indicated y-axis) or in the depth direction (in the direction 7 of the second flow path 3 and in the direction of the indicated z-axis). In both scenarios, in FIGS. 1 and 2 the first flow path 2 will still have an overall direction from right to left in the figure (or vice versa) which we will refer to as the overall flow direction 6.

(9) The overall flow direction 6 may be substantially perpendicular to a radial direction of curvature of the heat exchanger section 10. The thickness direction of the heat exchanger section 10 may be substantially radial, i.e. the curvature may also be considered to be in the thickness direction of the heat exchanger section 10.

(10) The curved laminated heat exchanger sections 10 each have a trailing edge 12 on a far side of the heat exchanger 1. The second flow path 3 in each case extends in the direction of arrow 7 from the intakes 8 at the leading edges 11, across opposed heat exchange surfaces 15, 16 to the trailing edge 12. This second fluid stream 7 is substantially at 90° to the overall flow direction 6 of the first flow path 2, i.e., it is a cross-flow. In a situation where formations are present to deflect the second fluid stream locally as it flows over the heat exchange surfaces 15, 16, the direction of the second fluid stream 7 is its direction immediately before it enters the heat exchanger.

(11) The leading and trailing edges 11, 12, and the sides 4, 5 of the cross-flow heat exchanger 1 may be oriented approximately at 90° to each other to define an approximate arcuate box shape that the second flow path 7 flows through. A cowling may be provided around the heat exchanger (not shown).

(12) In FIG. 1 the curved laminated heat exchanger section 1 is of constant curvature (in a direction normal to the second flow path) from the leading edge 11 to the trailing edge 12. Thus it has curvature in only one dimension. It is also shown continuously curved along the entirety of the leading edge 11 (the leading edge 11 is C-shaped when viewed in a cross-section with the section taken normal to the second flow path 3).

(13) The second flow path 3 may also comprise formations 9 extending between adjacent curved heat exchange surfaces 15, 16 of the laminated heat exchanger sections 10. The formations 9 increase the transfer of heat from the first fluid (which is confined within the curved laminated heat exchanger sections 10) to the second fluid. These formations 9 may comprise corrugated fins having valleys and ridges extending in the direction of the second fluid stream 7. This allows the curvature of the curved laminated heat exchanger sections 10 to be taken up more easily through small angular distortions in the corrugations. The corrugated fins might have an approximately sinusoidal form as shown or may comprise a more angular profile.

(14) The formations could, of course, take on any form, for example, they could comprise individual fin members or be provided by arrays of fins. The formations 9 may also be provided by a lattice structure or by a matrix having passages extending in the second flow direction 7.

(15) Turning now to FIG. 3, a portion of an exemplary curved laminated heat exchanger section 10 is shown (the parts are shown schematically and are not to scale). The heat exchanger section 10 has opposed heat exchange surfaces 15, 16 which the second fluid stream 3 is arranged to flow over and extract heat from. The heat exchanger section 10 is curved in a direction normal to the second flow path (the y-direction) so that a first heat exchange surface 15 is convex and the second heat exchange surface 16 is concave.

(16) Each of the laminated heat exchanger sections comprises a plurality of laminate members 20, 30, 40 that are curved and are stacked one on top of another. Each laminate member comprises a leading edge portion 21, 31, 41, which together form the leading edge 11 of the curved laminated heat exchanger section 10. The trailing edge 12 is provided by similar trailing edge portions 22, 32, 42. Pairs of laminate members 20, 40 are configured to provide a base and a cover for each channel through the provision of opposed hollowed regions 23, 43 formed in these laminate members. The hollowed regions may be prepared by removing material, such as during a stamping or etching process, or they may be created during fabrication of the laminate member, such as during a casting or printing process. Intermediate laminate members 30 may be provided between the laminate member pair 20, 40 to act as spacers, and these may be devoid of material in the region 33 between the leading edge and trailing edge portions 31, 32. Together, these edge portions 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42 and hollowed regions 23, 43 (and region 33) form a channel 17 of the first flow path 2.

(17) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the heat exchanger section 10 is provided with two channels 17 running in parallel between the heat exchange surfaces 15, 16, where each channel 17 is provided by four laminate members 20, 30, 40. There may of course be additional channels 17 and the respective flows may be in different directions. The channels 17 may be made from fewer or more laminate members 20, 30, 40, and the different channels 17 may be of different sizes or profiles. In one configuration the heat exchanger section may comprise more than one channel in the direction of the second flow path 7.

(18) FIG. 4 is an example where the laminate members 20, 30, 40 additionally provide a manifold section 18, 19 at each side of the heat exchanger for distributing and collecting the first fluid stream to and from the channels 17.

(19) FIG. 5 shows a further example where pairs of laminate members 20, 40 are arranged, each facing the other of the pair, in order to define a channel 17. In the example, the heat exchanger section is provided with four pairs of laminate members 20, 40 which are stacked on top of each other to form four channels 17. Other arrangements of channels 17 are, of course, also possible.

(20) In FIGS. 6 to 8, examples of individual laminate members 20, 30, 40 are shown in more detail. FIG. 6 shows a laminate member 40 that forms a cover to a channel 17, FIG. 7 shows a laminate member 20 that provides a base to the channel 17 and FIG. 8 shows an intermediate laminate member 30 that can be used as a spacer.

(21) The laminate members 20, 30, 40 may have the same thickness (t). Each laminate member 20, 30, 40 has a first end 24, 34, 44 for attachment to one side 4 of the cross-flow heat exchanger 1, and a second end 25, 35, 45 for attachment to the other side 5 of the cross-flow heat exchanger 1. The laminate members of FIGS. 6 and 7 provide the “pair” of laminate members 20, 40. Both of these comprise a hollowed region 23, 43 where the thickness of the laminate member 20, 40 is reduced (t′<t). The hollowed regions 23, 43 may be arranged substantially centrally in the laminate members 20, 40 as shown, extending through to the first and second ends 24, 25, 44, 45 of the laminate members 20, 40 in the direction of flow 6.

(22) In FIGS. 6 and 7, the hollowed region 23, 43 further include heat transfer elements 50 that project from the hollowed regions (these are not visible in FIG. 6 because of the orientation of the laminate member 40). These heat transfer elements 50 may be in the form of pegs, which may be either free-standing or connected to a neighbouring heat transfer element 50 for support, and for optimising fluid and heat flow, by a ligament 51, in this way forming chains of heat transfer elements 52 that extend within the first flow path 2.

(23) The heat transfer elements 50 on the pair of laminate members 20, 40 may have a height substantially equal to the difference between the thickness (t) of the laminate members 20, 40 and the thickness of the hollowed region (t′).

(24) FIG. 8 illustrates an intermediate laminate member 30 that can be positioned between the pair of laminate members 20, 40 of FIGS. 6 and 7. The central or ‘hollowed’ region 33 of the laminate member 30 has been removed (or is absent) to provide a void which forms part of the channel 17. The intermediate laminate member 30 can include a set of heat transfer elements 50, supported by ligament 51, that correspond in section and position to those in the hollowed regions 23, 43 of the pair of laminate members 20, 40. In this case, the heat transfer elements 50 may have a height substantially equal to the thickness (t) of the laminate member 30.

(25) Thus, the plurality of channels 17 are formed by building up a set of selected laminate members 20, 30, 40, which are stacked one on top of the next in an aligned manner. Further, the heat transfer elements 50 of adjacent laminate members 20, 30, 40 may be aligned such that they are in contact with one another.

(26) FIG. 9 shows an adaption of the laminate member 20 shown in FIG. 7 that is for use in the heat exchanger section 10 of FIG. 4. A frame 26 forming the leading edge and trailing edge portions 21, 22 is extended with manifold portions 28, 29 to define walls of the manifolds 18, 19 for the inlet and outlet respectively of the channel 17. As in FIG. 7, the laminate member 20 includes an array of heat transfer elements 50, which may be supported by ligaments 51, that extends across the hollowed region 23. FIG. 10 shows a corresponding intermediate laminate member 30 that can be placed on top of the laminate member of FIG. 9. It is provided with an array of heat transfer elements 50 supported by ligaments 51, that form chains of heat transfer elements 52. These would be arranged to align up with those of the base laminate member 20. Manifold portions 38, 39 also align with manifold portions 28, 29 to build up the manifolds 18, 19. A cover laminate member 40 (not shown, but substantially corresponding to a reverse of the base laminate member 20 of FIG. 9) would be provided to cover over the channel 17. This cover laminate member 40 would include a similar array of heat transfer elements and manifold portions as the other two laminate members 20, 30.

(27) Further features of the disclosure, which may be combined with any of the previously discussed features, are given in the following numbered clause:

(28) 1. A cross-flow heat exchanger comprising a first flow path for a first fluid stream which is arranged substantially at right angles to a second flow path for a second fluid stream, wherein:

(29) the first flow path is confined within two or more heat exchanger sections that bridge between opposite sides of the heat exchanger, the one or more heat exchanger sections having a leading edge positioned in the second flow path, the second flow path being defined, at least in part, by adjacent laminated heat exchanger sections.