Zero-profile expandable intervertebral spacer devices for distraction and spinal fusion and a universal tool for their placement and expansion

Abstract

A unique, universal Zero-Profile Expandable Intervertebral Spacer (ZP-EIS) device for fusion and distraction throughout the entire spine is provided which can be inserted via anterior, anterolateral, lateral, far lateral or posterior surgical approaches dependent on the need and preference. Multiple ZP-EIS embodiments each with unique mechanisms of calibrated expansion are provided. Two of these embodiments incorporate bi-directional fixating transvertebral (BDFT) screws and five other embodiments do not incorporate BDFT screws. A tool for implantation into the intervertebral device and calibrated device expansion is also disclosed.

Claims

1. An expandible intervertebral fusion device comprising: a first movable portion; a second movable portion; and a mechanism that moves the first movable portion and the second movable portion with respect to each other to expand a dimension of the expandible intervertebral fusion device, wherein the first movable portion includes: a top wall, a bottom wall, and two sidewalls defining an open space capable of receiving bone filling for the biological bone fusion; and an internal screw guide having an entry opening and an exit opening, the entry opening formed only in a top surface of the top wall and the exit opening formed at least partially in a bottom surface of the top wall and at least partially in a side surface of the top wall.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first movable portion slides with respect to the second movable portion.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first movable portion pivots with respect to the second movable portion.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first movable portion translates linearly away from the second movable portion.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first movable portion slides at an angle with respect to the second movable portion.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the mechanism includes a threaded rod mechanism.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the second movable portion includes an open space capable of receiving bone filling for the biological bone fusion.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein one of the first movable portion and the second movable portion includes an indentation to accommodate a component of a placement tool.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the first movable portion and the second movable portion can be adjusted by using a threaded rod as a wedge to pivot components within the device.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the first movable portion and the second movable portion can be adjusted using a wedge device.

11. The device of claim 1, wherein the mechanism separates the first movable portion from the second movable portion.

12. The device of claim 1, wherein the second movable portion includes a second internal screw guide.

13. The device of claim 1, wherein one of the first movable portion and the second movable portion includes a tapered edge to allow contoured insertion into the disc space.

14. The device of claim 1, wherein the first movable portion and the second movable portion can be adjusted using a threaded rod coupled to a scissor-jack linkage.

15. The device of claim 1, wherein the first movable portion and the second movable portion can be held together by fasteners.

16. The device of claim 1, wherein the mechanism includes a worm drive or a worm gear.

17. The device of claim 1, wherein the mechanism includes a worm drive that turns a gear that acts as a wedge to expand the device.

18. The device of claim 1, further comprising fasteners and retaining rings containing and constraining the device pieces.

19. The device of claim 1, wherein the mechanism includes a worm drive to turn a gear that acts as a wedge to expand the device.

20. The device of claim 1, wherein the first movable portion and the second movable portion can be adjusted by a worm gear coupled to an internally threaded spur gear which, upon rotation, linearly advances a threaded component.

21. The device of claim 1, wherein first and second screw members are medially aligned.

22. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of first and second screw members is laterally aligned.

23. The device of claim 3, wherein both first and second screw members are laterally aligned.

24. The device of claim 1, wherein one of first and second screw members is laterally aligned and an other screw member is medially aligned.

25. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the first movable portion and the second movable portion has a substantially triangularly shape.

26. The device of claim 6, wherein the first movable portion and the second movable portion include a sliding rail and ridged surfaces.

27. The device of claim 7, wherein the first movable portion and the second movable portion include holes for bone grafts.

28. The device of claim 8, wherein an adjuster includes a screw.

29. The device of claim 1, wherein one of the first movable portion and the second movable portion includes a sliding rail, and wherein the other of the first movable portion and the second movable portion includes a rail insert that engages the sliding rail.

30. The device of claim 1, wherein one of the first movable portion and the second movable portion includes a plurality of sliding rails disposed on a side facing the other of the first movable portion and the second movable portion, and wherein the other of the first movable portion and the second movable portion includes a plurality of rail inserts that engage the plurality of sliding rails.

31. The device of claim 1, wherein one of the first movable portion and the second movable portion the includes an external surface having a plurality of ridges.

32. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the first movable portion and the second movable portion includes an external surface having a plurality of ridges.

33. The device of claim 1, wherein one of the first movable portion and the second movable portion includes a hole for bone grafts.

34. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the first movable portion and the second movable portion the includes a hole for bone grafts.

35. The device of claim 1, wherein one of the first movable portion and the second movable portion includes a plurality of holes for bone grafts.

36. The device of claim 1, wherein an adjuster includes a screw that engages each of the first movable portion and the second movable portion.

37. The device of claim 12, wherein the second movable portion includes a second top wall, and wherein the second internal screw guide of the second movable portion has an entry opening and an exit opening, the entry opening formed only in a top surface of the second top wall.

38. The device of claim 37, wherein the exit opening of the second internal screw guide of the second movable portion is formed at least partially in a bottom surface of the second top wall and at least partially in a side surface of the second top wall.

39. The device of claim 1, wherein the mechanism comprises a threaded rotation screw extending between the first movable portion and the second movable portion that moves the first movable portion with respect to the second movable portion in response to rotation of the threaded rotation screw, wherein first and second indentations are defined on outer sides of the two sidewalls, wherein means for facilitating incorporation into and fusion with superior and inferior vertebral bodies is positioned on at least part of the two sidewalls of the first movable portion, and wherein the second movable portion has a second internal screw guide having an entry opening formed only in a top surface of a top wall of the second movable portion and extending in a different direction than that of the internal screw guide such that the internal screw guide and second internal screw guide direct screws into the superior and inferior vertebral bodies.

40. The device of claim 39, wherein the threaded rotation screw is positioned in a circular hole defined in the second movable portion.

41. The device of claim 39, and further comprising means for promoting segmental spinal fusion.

42. A system comprising the device of claim 39, wherein the system further comprises: a tool comprising: an elongate shaft; first and second gripper prongs that are sized and positioned such that the first gripper prong engages the first indentation and the second gripper prong engages the second indentation when the tool engages the device; and a tool screw guide defining first and second screw trajectory guides, wherein the first screw trajectory guide aligns with the first internal screw guide and guides a direction of insertion of a screw when the tool is engaged with the device, wherein the first and second gripper prongs extend distally past the tool screw guide on opposite sides of the tool screw guide; and a screwdriver sized and configured for driving screws through the first and second internal screw guides while the tool is holding the device between first and second vertebral bodies.

43. The system of claim 42, wherein the first and second screw trajectory guides are defined in opposite sides of the tool screw guide with each of the first and second screw trajectory guides having a partially tubular shape that is curved on one side and open on an opposite side.

44. The device of claim 39, and further comprising means for sliding the first movable portion with respect to the second movable portion when the threaded rotation screw is turned.

45. The device of claim 44, and further comprising means for retaining the threaded rotation screw.

46. The device of claim 39, wherein the device is configured such that rotation of the threaded rotation screw can move a top wall of the second movable portion above the top wall of the first movable portion.

47. An expandible intervertebral fusion device comprising: a first movable body; a second movable body; and means for moving the first movable body with respect to the second movable body to expand a dimension of the expandible intervertebral fusion device, wherein the first movable body includes: a top wall, a bottom wall, and two sidewalls defining an open space capable of receiving bone filling for the biological bone fusion; and an internal screw guide having an entry opening and an exit opening, the entry opening formed only in a top surface of the top wall and the exit opening formed at least partially in a bottom surface of the top wall and at least partially in a side surface of the top wall.

48. An expandible intervertebral fusion device comprising: a first movable portion; a second movable portion; and a mechanism that moves the first movable portion and the second movable portion with respect to each other to expand a dimension of the expandible intervertebral fusion device, wherein the first movable portion includes a first top wall, a first bottom wall, a first sidewall, and a second sidewall defining a first open space capable of receiving bone filling for the biological bone fusion, wherein the second movable portion includes a second top wall, a second bottom wall, a third sidewall, and a fourth sidewall defining a second open space capable of receiving bone filling for the biological bone fusion, wherein the first top wall of the first moveable portion and the second top wall of the second moveable portion cooperate to form a top wall of the expandible intervertebral fusion device, wherein the first movable portion includes a first internal screw guide having an entry opening and an exit opening, the entry opening formed entirely between all edges of a top surface of the first top wall when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a plane of the top surface of the first top wall and the exit opening formed at least partially in a bottom surface of the first top wall and at least partially in a side surface of the first top wall, and wherein the second movable portion includes a second internal screw guide having an entry opening and an exit opening, the entry opening formed entirely between all edges of a top surface of the second top wall when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a plane of the top surface of the second top wall and the exit opening formed at least partially in a bottom surface of the second top wall and at least partially in a side surface of the second top wall.

49. The device of claim 48, wherein the mechanism comprises a threaded rotation screw extending between the first movable portion and the second movable portion that moves the first movable portion away from the second movable portion in response to rotation of the threaded rotation screw, wherein a circular hole extend into to the top wall of the expandible intervertebral fusion device in a direction substantially normal to the top wall of the expandible intervertebral fusion device and positioned between the first internal screw guide and the second internal screw guide, wherein a first indentation is defined on a first outer side of the first sidewall and a second indentation is defined on a second outer side of the second sidewall and is positioned opposite of the first indentation, and wherein the first open space capable of receiving bone filling extends continuously from an inner surface of the first sidewall to an inner surface of the second sidewall and extends continuously from an inner surface of the top wall to an inner surface of the bottom wall.

50. the device of claim 49, wherein the threaded rotation screw is positioned in the circular hole.

51. The device of claim 48, wherein a circular hole extend into to the top wall of the expandible intervertebral fusion device in a direction substantially normal to the top wall of the expandible intervertebral fusion device and positioned between the first internal screw guide and the second internal screw guide, wherein a first indentation is defined on a first outer side of the first sidewall and a second indentation is defined on a second outer side of the second sidewall and is positioned opposite of the first indentation, and wherein the first open space capable of receiving bone filling extends continuously from an inner surface of the first sidewall to an inner surface of the second sidewall and extends continuously from an inner surface of the top wall to an inner surface of the bottom wall.

52. The device of claim 51, and further comprising means for promoting segmental spinal fusion.

53. The device of claim 51, and further comprising means for facilitating incorporation into and fusion with superior and inferior vertebral bodies.

54. The device of claim 53, wherein the means is positioned at least partially on the first sidewall adjacent the exit opening of the first internal screw guide and on the fourth sidewall adjacent the exit opening of the second internal screw guide.

55. The device of claim 48, wherein a first indentation is defined on a first outer side of the first sidewall and a second indentation is defined on a second outer side of the second sidewall and is positioned opposite of the first indentation, wherein the first open space capable of receiving bone filling extends continuously from an inner surface of the first sidewall to an inner surface of the second sidewall and extends continuously from an inner surface of the top wall to an inner surface of the bottom wall, wherein each of the first and second movable portions comprise means for facilitating incorporation into and fusion with superior and inferior vertebral bodies, and wherein the means is positioned on each of the first top wall, the second top wall, the first bottom wall, the second bottom wall, and the first, second, third and fourth sidewalls, wherein a first portion of the means is positioned on the side surface of the first top wall between the exit opening of the first internal screw guide and the top surface of the first top wall, and wherein a second portion of the means is positioned on the side surface of the second top wall between the exit opening of the second internal screw guide and the top surface of the second top wall.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) These and other aspects and features of embodiments of the present invention will be better understood after a reading of the following detailed description, together with the attached drawings, wherein:

(2) FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate an exemplary embodiment (Embodiment I) of a non-tapered sliding base ZP-EIS device with incorporated BDFT screws in sagittal-oblique (FIG. 1A), and exploded (FIG. 1B) views.

(3) FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate an exemplary embodiment (Embodiment II) of a tapered sliding base ZP-EIS device with incorporated BDFT screws in closed (FIG. 2A), semi-expanded (FIG. 2B), and fully expanded (FIG. 2C) positions, and in an exploded view (FIG. 2D).

(4) FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate an exemplary embodiment (Embodiment III) of a scissors jack driven ZP-EIS device without incorporated BDFT screws in closed (FIG. 3A), semi-expanded (FIG. 3B), and fully expanded (FIG. 3C) positions, and in exploded view (FIG. 3D).

(5) FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate an exemplary embodiment (Embodiment IV) of a tapered thread driven ZP-EIS device without incorporated BDFT screws in closed (FIG. 4A), semi-expanded/fully expanded positions (FIG. 4B), and in cross-sectional view (FIG. 4C).

(6) FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate an exemplary embodiment (Embodiment V) of a dry anchor driven ZP-EIS device without incorporated BDFT screws in closed (FIG. 5A), semi-expanded (FIG. 5B), and fully expanded (FIG. 5C) positions, and in an exploded view (FIG. 5D).

(7) FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate an exemplary embodiment (Embodiment VI) of a modified wedge driven ZP-EIS device without incorporated BDFT screws in closed (FIG. 6A), semi-expanded (FIG. 6B), and fully expanded (FIG. 6C) positions, and in an exploded view (FIG. 6D).

(8) FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate an exemplary embodiment (Embodiment VII) of a worm drive ZP-EIS device without incorporated BDFT screws in closed (FIG. 7A), semi-expanded (FIG. 7B), and fully expanded (FIG. 7C) positions, and in an exploded view (FIG. 7D).

(9) FIGS. 7E(i) and 7E(ii) illustrate top, perspective views of an intervertebral cage construct according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

(10) FIG. 8A-8C illustrate a positioning tool/screw guide/box expander in oblique perspective (FIG. 8A), lateral (FIG. 8B), and exploded (FIG. 8C) views according to an exemplary embodiment, which is shown coupled to the exemplary non-tapered sliding base ZP-EIS device illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1B.

(11) FIGS. 8D(i) and 8D(ii) illustrate superior oblique perspective views of the positioning tool/drill guide/box expander component, according to an exemplary embodiment, which may be optionally used for the exemplary embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1B and 2A-2D.

(12) FIGS. 8E-8G illustrate sequential steps (I-III: Step I (FIG. 8E), step II (FIG. 8F), and step III (FIG. 8G)) of the positioning tool/screw guide/box expander assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

(13) FIGS. 8H-8I illustrate three-dimensional views of positioning tools, according to exemplary embodiments, for impaction and placement of two transvertebral screws, for example, of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1B and 2A-2D.

(14) FIGS. 8J-8K illustrate the insertion of expandable Lumbar bi-directional screw box with two BDFT screws into the Lumbar spine in oblique (FIG. 8J) and lateral (FIG. 8K) views.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(15) The present invention now is described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

(16) 1. The Medical Device

(17) Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 1A-8K illustrate exemplary embodiments of ZP-EIS devices that can solve the above described problems and others in the spine by insertion of the ZP-EIS devices into the denuded intervertebral disc space according to the features illustrated in the exemplary embodiments (I-VII).

(18) FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate three-dimensional views of a ZP-EIS device 100 according to embodiment I, with two BDFT screws 101, 102.

(19) The expandable ZP-EIS device 100 includes of top and bottom triangular sliding bases 103, 104 (FIGS. 1A-1B). The superior and inferior segments of the height/depth adjusting screw 105 are integrated and connected to the two separate top and bottom triangular bases 103, 104, respectively. By turning this adjusting (rotation) screw 105 back and forth, i.e. clock-wise, and counter clockwise, the sliding rails 106 of the top triangular base 103 (FIGS. 1A-1B) slide up and down the rail inserts 107 on the bottom triangular base 104 (FIGS. 1A-1B). This action will simultaneously alter the intervertebral height and depth of the device 100 allowing individualized custom fitting of the ZPEIS device 100 conforming to the dimensions of the disc space.

(20) A transvertebral screw 101 penetrates the top base 103, and a transvertebral screw 102 traverses the bottom base 104 of the screw box (device 100). The two screws 101, 102 traverse the screw box 100 in opposing directions, bi-directionally. The external edges of the triangular bases 103, 104 in contact with vertebral body surfaces can include ridges 107, which facilitates the ZP-EIS device 100 incorporation into and fusion with the superior and inferior vertebral bodies (FIGS. 1A-1B). Both top and bottom ZP-EIS bases 103, 104 can be perforated with holes 108 to allow bone placement for fusion. In an exemplary embodiment, the entire construct, furthermore, can be hollow to allow filling with bone filling material. Hence, the exemplary device functions as both an intervertebral bone fusion spacer and bi-directional transvertebral screw fusion device.

(21) FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate a ZP-EIS device 200 according to exemplary embodiment II. This exemplary device 200 incorporates BDFT screws and employs a fusion wedge mechanism of expansion.

(22) The device 200 includes a contoured top 208 and bottom 206 housing which have tapered edges and are coupled to each other by a diagonal dovetail interface 204 which constrains the components 208, 206 to translate linearly relative to each other. The linear translation causes a vertical separation of the top 208 and bottom 206 housing surfaces which are parallel to each other. The position is secured and adjusted by a threaded rotation screw 220 coupled to a nut 224 and a retaining ring 222 and passed through the top 208 and bottom 206 housing pieces. As the threaded rotation screw 220 is rotated further into the nut 224, the housing pieces 208, 206 expand vertically.

(23) By turning this adjusting (rotation) screw 220 back and forth i.e. clock-wise, and counter clockwise, the sliding rails 210 of the top housing piece 208 slide up and down the rail inserts 212 on the bottom housing piece 206. This action will simultaneously alter the intervertebral height and depth of the device 200 allowing individualized custom fitting of the ZP-EIS conforming to the dimensions of the disc space. A transvertebral screw 101 penetrates the top housing piece 208, and a transvertebral screw 102 traverses the bottom housing piece 206 of the device 200. The two screws 101, 102 traverse the device 200 in opposing directions, bi-directionally. The external edges of the housing pieces in contact with vertebral body surfaces include ridges 216. This facilitates the ZP-EIS device 200 incorporation into and fusion with the superior and inferior vertebral bodies (FIGS. 2A-2D). Both top and bottom ZP-EIS housing bases 208, 206 are perforated with holes 214 to allow bone placement for fusion. The entire device 200, furthermore, can be hollow to allow bone filling. Hence, the exemplary device 200 functions as both an intervertebral bone fusion spacer and bi-directional transvertebral screw fusion device.

(24) The device 200 can include a tapered edge 226 (shown for example in FIGS. 2A-2B), which allows easier introduction and insertion of the device 200 into the disc space.

(25) FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate a ZP-EIS device 300 according to exemplary embodiment III, which employs a scissor jack expansion mechanism.

(26) In this embodiment the top 302 and bottom 304 housing are attached by one internal linkage arm 310, and two external linkage arms 308. The device 300 can include indentations 306 on each lateral side close to the top of the device 300 to mate with the prongs of the universal tool (for example, as described in FIGS. 8A-8I) to assist in grasping, inserting and impacting the device 300. A lead screw or rotation screw 314 is mounted in the bottom housing 304 and secured in place with a retaining ring 316. When the lead (rotation) screw 314 is rotated by an external tool (for example, as described in FIGS. 8A-8I), the screw 314 causes the linear displacement of the separation block 318 which is hinged to the internal linkage 310. The horizontal motion of the separation block causes the top 302 and bottom 304 housing pieces to separate vertically. The separation distance depends on the amount of rotation of the lead (rotation) screw 314, and is limited by the freedom of the separation block 318 to move within the bottom housing 304. The exemplary embodiment can include a plurality of pins, such as eight pins 320, 322, 324, to secure the external linkage arms 308 to the top 302 and bottom 304 housing units and to the separation block 318. The top housing 302 and bottom housing 304 can include one or more cavities 312 for bone incorporation/fusion.

(27) FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate a ZP-EIS device 400 according to exemplary embodiment IV, which employs a tapered thread mechanism of expansion.

(28) The exemplary device 400 can include a top housing 402 and bottom housing 404, which can be attached by one or more pins, such as two pins 412, which allow rotation of the top housing 402 and bottom housing 404 relative to each other about the axis of the pins 412. The top housing 402 and/o bottom housing 404 can include indentations 406 on their lateral sides close to the top of the device 400 to mate with the prongs of a tool or universal tool (e.g., prongs 806 in FIGS. 8A-8I) to assist in grasping, inserting and impacting the device 400. The bottom housing 404 can include a mount for the rotation screw 410 (FIG. 4C), which can control the relative angular orientation of the two housing pieces 402, 404. When the screw 410 is rotated by an external tool (e.g. as shown in FIGS. 8A-8I), the screw 410 engages the internal teeth/ridges 414 of the top housing 402 and acts as a wedge to rotate the top housing 402 away from the bottom housing 404. More particularly, the device 400 can include a sloped ridge 414, as exemplary illustrated in FIG. 4C. When the rotating screw 410 advances, the top housing 402 rotates further and further away from the bottom housing 404. The device 400 can include one or more bone cavities in the top housing 402 and bottom housing 404 for bone fusion.

(29) FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate exemplary embodiments of a ZP-EIS device according to embodiment V, which employs an anchor mechanism of expansion.

(30) The top housing 502 and bottom housing 504 can be coupled or attached by one or more pins, such as two pins 512, which allow rotation of the top housing 502 and bottom housing 504 relative to each other about the axis of the pins 512. The top housing 502 and/or the bottom housing 504 can include indentations 506 on their lateral sides close to the top of the device 500 to mate with the prongs of a tool or universal tool (e.g. see FIGS. 8A-8I) to assist in grasping, inserting and impacting the device 500. The bottom housing 504 can include, for example, a mount for the lead (rotation) screw 510, which can control the relative angular orientation of the two housing pieces 502, 504. The lead (rotation) screw 510 can be secured with one or more retaining rings, such as two retaining rings 518. When the screw 510 is rotated by an external tool (not illustrated)(e.g., such as the tool shown in FIGS. 8A-8I), the screw 510 causes lateral motion of a translation nut 516, which is attached to two linkage bars 514 to a second nut 516 fixed to the bottom housing. A plurality of pins, such as six pins 512, can secure the linkage bars or arms 514 to each other and to translation nuts 516. When the translation nuts 516 move, the linkage bars or arms 514 extend outside of the bottom housing 504, pushing against the top housing 502. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the linkage bars or arms 514 can be replaced by a solid material such as spring steel which can bend to produce the same effect. The device 500 can include one or more bone cavities that can be incorporated into the top housing 502 and the bottom housing 504 for bone fusion.

(31) FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate exemplary embodiments of a ZP-EIS device 600 according to embodiment VI which employs a modified wedge expansion mechanism.

(32) The device 600 includes a top housing 602 and a bottom housing 604 that can be attached or coupled by one or more pins, such as two pins 612, which allow rotation of the top housing 602 and the bottom housing 604 relative to each other about the axis of the pins 612. The top housing 602 and/or the bottom housing 604 can include indentations 606 on their lateral sides close to the top of the device 600 to mate with the prongs of a tool, such as prongs 806 of the universal tool shown in FIGS. 8A-8I, to assist in grasping, inserting and impacting the device 600. The bottom housing 604 can include a mount for the lead (rotation) screw 610, which can control the relative angular orientation of the two housing pieces 602, 604. The lead (rotation) screw 610 can be secured with one or more retaining rings, such as two retaining rings 618. When the screw 610 is rotated by an external tool (e.g., the tool shown in FIGS. 8A-8I), the screw 610 causes lateral motion of a wedge-shaped translation nut 616. The nut 616 engages an inner tapered surface of the top housing 602 and forces the top housing piece 602 to rotate away from the bottom housing 604. The device 600 can include one or more bone cavities 608 incorporated into the top housing 602 and/or bottom housing 604 for bone fusion.

(33) FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate exemplary embodiments of a ZP-EIS device 700 according to embodiment VII, which employs a worm drive (gear) mechanism.

(34) According to the invention, the device 700 includes a worm drive design that allows a user to rotate a worm gear/drive 712 with an external tool (FIG. 8) to control the translation of the top housing 702 relative to the bottom housing 704a, 704b. The worm gear drive 712 engages a spur gear mount 714 which has internal threading for engaging a corresponding part, such as a threaded stud of bolt 720, to couple the spur gear mount 714 to the top housing 702. The top housing 702 can include a plurality of pins, such as four pins 712, which extend into the bottom housing 704a, 704b. These pins 712 prevent the top housing 702 from rotating with the spur gear 714, and constrain the spur gear 714 to translate linearly. The bottom housing 704 can include two halves 704a, 704b to secure the worm drive 710 and spur mount 714 in place. A worm retaining ring and a spur retaining ring 716 also can be used to secure the worm gear drive 710 and the spur gear mount 714. The device 700 can include one or more bone cavities 708 that are incorporated into the top housing 702 and/or bottom housing 704a, 704b for bone fusion. The top housing 702 and/or bottom housing 704a, 704b can include one or more indentations 706 on its lateral sides close to the top of the device 700 to mate with prongs of a tool, such as prongs 806 of the universal tool 800 in FIGS. 8A-8I, to assist in grasping, inserting and impacting the device 700.

(35) FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate three-dimensional views of exemplary embodiments of the external drill/screw guide-box expander universal tool 800 which can be used to assist in both screw trajectory and box expansion of an expandible device, such as the exemplary embodiments of devices illustrated in embodiments I and II, and for device expansion of the devices illustrated in embodiments III-VII. The same universal tool 800 can be utilized for all the exemplary embodiments illustrated in embodiments I-VII. In some embodiments, the external drill/screw guide 850 may not be needed or used for embodiments II-VII. The prongs 806 can be inserted into the indentations (e.g., 202, 306, 406, 506, 606, 706) of the sides of the devices (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) according to one or all of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in embodiments I-VII, and implant the device into the intervertebral space. Once implanted and impacted, an Allen key (e.g., as shown in FIG. 8) can be used to expand the device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) by turning the adjustment (rotation) screw (e.g., 105, 220, 314, 410, 510, 610, 710).

(36) The exemplary tool can include, among other things, an Allen key 801, a spring 802, a handle 803, a griper 804 and a screw guide 805. The Allen key 801, when inserted in the insertion 814 and turned, can turn the rotation screws (e.g., 105, 220, 314, 410, 510, 610, 710) of one or all of the exemplary embodiments I-VII. The griper 804 includes griper prongs 806, which insert into grooves 509 of the screw guide 805 and the screw box indentations (e.g., 202) in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in embodiment I (as shown in FIGS. 8A-8D), as well as in similar indentations (e.g., 306, 406, 506, 606, 706) of devices (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) illustrated in embodiments II-VII (not shown).

(37) As shown in FIG. 8C, each longitudinal end of the screw box 100 can include a slot or indentation 108 formed adjacent to an edge of an upper surface of the screw box 100 for engaging a protuberant extension of a tool, such as the protuberant extension 807 of the tool 800.

(38) FIG. 8D illustrates a superior oblique view of the screw guide 805 demonstrating insertions 809 for griper prong 806, built-in trajectory guides 811, 812 for insertion of screws 101 and 102, and the Allen key 801. This exemplary embodiment can be limited, for example, to use with the devices of embodiments I and II, which includes BDFT screws.

(39) FIGS. 8E-8G illustrate three-dimensional views of the sequential steps necessary for the external guide assembly. FIG. 8E illustrates the insertion of the Allen key 801 into the handle 803. FIG. 5F illustrates the insertion of the handle 803 through the spring 802 and griper 804. FIG. 8G illustrates insertion of the griper 804 into the screw guide 805. The griper prongs 806 can include medially oriented male protuberant extensions 807 that engage the slot or indentation of a device, such as indentation 108 of device 100, thereby perfectly aligning the prongs 805 of the tool 800 with the device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700). This exemplary embodiment can be limited, for example, to use with the devices of embodiments I and II.

(40) FIG. 8H illustrates a three-dimensional view of another exemplary embodiment of a positioning tool 800 for impaction and placement of two transvertebral screws 201, 202 for example, for use with the exemplary embodiments I and II.

(41) With reference again to FIGS. 8A-8K, the screw guide 805 can include insertions 809 for receiving the griper prong 806, built-in trajectory guides 811, 812 for insertion of screws 101 and 102, and the Allen key 801.

(42) The driver assembly 850 can include a screw driver 851, a flexible shaft 852 and a square recess bit 853. This exemplary device can facilitate turning the screws 101, 102 into the bone. The flexible shaft 852 can facilitate the avoidance of spinous processes which might hinder the screw driving if the shaft 852 were straight. The positioning tool 800 can have a rectangular handle, as shown for example in Embodiment I, or a circular handle, as exemplary shown in Embodiment II. This exemplary embodiment can serve to position a screw box within the intervertebral space, and screws 101, 102 within the screw box or device. Once positioned, the screw box or device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) can be impacted by tapping the handle 803 with a mallet (not shown). The griper handle 803 inserts into the screw guide and the screw box or device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700), which maintains alignment.

(43) 2. The Surgical Method

(44) Exemplary embodiments of a surgical method for utilizing the exemplary devices described herein, will now be described. The procedures can be performed open, microscopic, closed tubular or endoscopic. Fluoroscopic guidance can be used with any of these procedures.

(45) An exemplary embodiment of a ZP-EIS device, as illustrated in embodiments (I-VII), can be inserted into the intervertebral space (for example as shown in FIGS. 8J and 8K) after an adequate discectomy is performed in any disc space throughout the entire spine upon their exposure anteriorly, anterio-laterally, laterally, far laterally or posteriorly.

(46) For exemplary embodiments I-II of the ZP-EIS devices can be inserted into the disc space by a tool or universal tool, such as the universal tool 800 in FIGS. 8A-8I. In operation, the grab prongs of tool 800 can attach to the insets or indentations (e.g., 202, 306, 406, 506, 606, 706) on the side of the devices. Once in the disc space, the rotation screw (e.g., 105, 220, 314, 410, 510, 610, 710) of each embodiment is turned by rotating the Allen key 801 of the tool 800 to expand the device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) to the desirable disc height achieving the desirable intervertebral distraction deemed necessary for the individual patient and disc space. Once this is achieved, BDFT screws 101, 102 are inserted and screwed into the vertebral body above and below securing the device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) to the vertebral bodies with screws 101, 102. Prior to implantation of the device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700), the bone cavities of each device can be filled with any type of bone fusion material.

(47) For the exemplary embodiments III-VII, the ZP-EIS device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) can be inserted into the disc space by the same universal tool, such as tool 800. The grabs prongs 806 of the tool 800 attach to the insets or indentations (e.g., 202, 306, 406, 506, 606, 706) on the side of the devices (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) on the side of the devices (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700). Once in the disc space, the rotation screw (e.g., 105, 220, 314, 410, 510, 610, 710) is turned by rotating the Allen key 801 of the tool 800 expanding the device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) to the desirable disc height achieving the desirable intervertebral distraction deemed necessary for the individual patient and disc space. Prior to implantation of the device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) the bone cavities of each device (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) can be filled with any type of bone fusion material.

(48) The exemplary embodiments of the present invention may provide effective and safe techniques that overcome the problems associated with current transpedicular and/or plated fusion technology employed for many degenerative stable and unstable spine diseases. These exemplary embodiments may replace much pedicle screw-based and plated based instrumentation in many but not all degenerative spine conditions.

(49) The speed and simplicity of the surgical implantation of the exemplary embodiments of the ZP-EIS devices far exceeds that of conventional pedicle screw technology. Furthermore, the exemplary embodiments of zero-profile devices can provide markedly significantly decreased risk of misguided screw placement, and hence decreased risk of neural and vascular injury, and blood loss. The exemplary embodiments can provide decreased recovery and back to work time. The exemplary embodiments of devices may lead to similar if not equal fusion with significantly less morbidity, and hence overall make the exemplary devices a major advance in the evolution of spinal instrumented technology leading to advances in the care of the spinal patient.

(50) According to the exemplary embodiments, such as the embodiments in embodiments I and II, an intervertebral fusion device is provided that uses a threaded rod mechanism located at the peripheral of the box to control expansion of the device. The device can include a cavity within the walls for placement of bone material for fusion.

(51) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device can include a threaded rod which can obstruct (inhibit) expansion of the device when it is not being turned. The threaded rod can be disposed at the front anterior part of the box or device.

(52) In yet another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device can include a threaded rod, which exerts a clamping force to expand the device until the device properly accommodates the dimensions of the intervertebral disc space and distracts the space based on individual anatomy and surgical judgment. The device can include a cavity for bone in-between the walls of the box.

(53) In another embodiment, an expandable intervertebral fusion device can includes indentations on its sides to accommodate a placement tool.

(54) In another embodiment, an expandable intervertebral fusion device can be adjusted by using a threaded rod as a wedge to pivot components within the device. The threaded rod can be accessible from the front anterior of the box or device.

(55) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can include a threaded rod to expand a spacer. The threaded rod can be used as a wedge to mechanically separate the pieces. The threaded rod can be accessible from the front anterior of the box or device.

(56) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can include wedge components which translate relative to each other along a contact. The degree of expansion can be determined by an adjustment rod located at the peripheral of the box or device.

(57) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device includes components which are mechanically linked together. The expansion of the device is controlled by the user via an adjustment rod coupled to a mechanical transmission that causes mechanical components within the device to separate. The threaded rod is accessible from the front anterior of the box or device.

(58) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provide wherein the position of the device is secured and adjusted by a threaded rod that is mechanically linked to housing pieces. When the threaded rod is rotated, the threaded rod forces the pieces to separate.

(59) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device is provide wherein the two internal screw guides are in the top housing unit.

(60) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion expansile device is provided wherein the center of the two internal screw guides could be in quadrants I and III or II and IV.

(61) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that uses a threaded rod (rotation screw) to expand the device using a metal driver as the wedge to mechanically separate the pieces.

(62) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be adjusted by using a threaded rod (rotation screw) as a wedge to offset the opposing cages.

(63) In another embodiment, an expandable intervertebral fusion device can be provided wherein its position is secured and adjusted by a threaded rod (rotation screw) coupled to a nut and passed through the top and bottom housing pieces. As the threaded rod is rotated further into the nut, the pieces separate.

(64) In another embodiment, an expandable intervertebral fusion device can include a tapered edge to allow contoured insertion into the disc space.

(65) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device can be provided wherein the internal screw guides for screw insertion within the device are diagonal to each other within the xyz plane.

(66) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device wherein the internal screw guides can be adjacent and somewhat diagonal to each other within the xyz plane.

(67) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device can be provided wherein the majority each of the 2 screw holes can be in quadrant I and III or II and IV within the xyz plane.

(68) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device can be provided wherein the screw guides can have approximately the same xy coordinates and have different z coordinates or vice versa.

(69) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device can be provided wherein the center of the two internal screw guides could be in quadrants I and III or II and IV within the xyz plane.

(70) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device can be provided wherein one screw guide is in the top housing unit, and another screw guide is in the bottom housing unit.

(71) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device can be provided that uses a threaded rod (rotation screw) to engage a moveable component which engages a linkage to expand the device.

(72) In another embodiment, an intervertebral fusion device can be provided that uses a threaded rod (rotation screw) to engage a wedge which engages its attaching linkages to expand the device.

(73) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that can be adjusted using a threaded rod (rotation screw) coupled to a scissor-jack linkage.

(74) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be held together with fastener (s). These fasteners constrain the box to one degree of freedom. Part of the mechanism contains a mount for the rotation screw, which can control the movement of the pieces. As the screw is turned, it engages the teeth of the mechanism and acts as a wedge to rotate the pieces away from each other.

(75) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device adjusted by using a threaded rod (rotation screw) can be used as a wedge to offset the opposing cage surfaces.

(76) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that uses a threaded rod (rotation screw) to expand the device using a metal driver as the wedge to mechanically separate the pieces.

(77) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that can be adjusted by a threaded rod (rotation screw) coupled to a nut which translates to deform an elastomeric material used to force the expansion of the device.

(78) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that has a threaded rod (rotation screw) that engages a wedge to control the expansion of the device.

(79) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that can be contained by fasteners and retaining rings.

(80) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that can be adjusted by a threaded rod (rotation screw) coupled to a wedge that can move the opposing cage surfaces.

(81) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that uses a worm drive to turn a gear that acts as a wedge to expand the device.

(82) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that includes fasteners and retaining rings containing and constraining the device pieces.

(83) In another embodiment, an expandable fusion device can be provided that can be adjusted by a worm gear coupled to an internally threaded spur gear which, upon rotation, linearly advances a threaded component.

(84) In another embodiment, a tool includes a handle, a gripper cooperating with the handle and having a plurality of prongs, a screw guide held in place the plurality of prongs, for controlling the direction of self-drilling screws that are screwed into the vertebral bodies, and an Allen key which expands expandable intervertebral devices.

(85) The present invention has been described herein in terms of several preferred embodiments. However, modifications and additions to these embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon a reading of the foregoing description. It is intended that all such modifications and additions comprise a part of the present invention to the extent that they fall within the scope of the several claims appended hereto.