Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor and method

Abstract

A device and method for shortcut nitrogen removal and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibition are disclosed herein. An embodiment of the present invention provides a hollow fiber diffuser comprising: a plurality of hollow fibers on which bacteria can be attached and grow; and an inlet capable of supplying gas to one sides of the plurality of hollow fibers, wherein the gas includes oxygen and carbon dioxide, nitrite can be produced by the oxygen, and the concentration of oxygen in the gas is adjusted by the oxygen and the carbon dioxide.

Claims

1. A nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity inhibitor suppressing nitrite oxidation by NOB using an NOB suppressant, the NOB activity inhibitor comprising: a leaching tank removing part of bacteria and solids stuck to a membrane diffuser unit; an inhibition tank immersing the membrane diffuser unit in the NOB suppressant; and a washing tank washing the NOB suppressant out of a surface of the membrane diffuser unit.

2. The NOB activity inhibitor of claim 1, wherein the NOB suppressant includes at least one of hydroxylamine, NO2, NH4, or NO.

3. The NOB activity inhibitor of claim 1, wherein the membrane diffuser unit is carried and immersed in the leaching tank, with air blocked.

4. The NOB activity inhibitor of claim 1, wherein the leaching tank includes a diffusing device for supplying air to secure a shear force.

5. The NOB activity inhibitor of claim 4, wherein the leaching tank further includes a circulation pump for forming an upflow velocity in the leaching tank by supplying circulation water.

6. The NOB activity inhibitor of claim 5, wherein the leaching tank stops operating the circulation pump and supplies only the air for a predetermined time after leaching is complete so as to prevent the leached solids from being stuck again to the membrane diffuser unit.

7. The NOB activity inhibitor of claim 1, wherein a time when the membrane diffuser unit is immersed is varied depending on a kind or concentration of the NOB suppressant in the inhibition tank.

8. A method for suppressing nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) from oxidizing nitrite using an NOB activity inhibitor, the method comprising: immersing a membrane diffuser unit in a leaching tank of the NOB activity inhibitor; immersing the membrane diffuser unit, where some solids have been leached, in an inhibition tank filled with an NOB suppressant; and immersing the membrane diffuser unit in a washing tank to remove the NOB suppressant remaining on a surface of the membrane diffuser unit.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the NOB suppressant includes at least one of hydroxylamine, NO2, NH4, or NO.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the membrane diffuser unit is carried and immersed in the leaching tank, with air blocked.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the leaching tank includes a diffusing device for supplying air to secure a shear force.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the leaching tank further includes a circulation pump for forming an upflow velocity in the leaching tank by supplying circulation water.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the leaching tank stops operating the circulation pump and supplies only the air for a predetermined time after leaching is complete so as to prevent the leached solids from being stuck again to the membrane diffuser unit.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein a time when the membrane diffuser unit is immersed is varied depending on a kind or concentration of the NOB suppressant in the inhibition tank.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a conventional membrane used as diffuser and media;

(2) FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a process in which nitrogen is removed from wastewater in a conventional membrane diffuser;

(3) FIG. 3 is a view illustrating graphs of the amount of air supplied for oxygen supply and the amount of air needed for mixture in a reactor when the oxygen transfer efficiency is 20%;

(4) FIG. 4 is a view illustrating graphs of the amount of air supplied for oxygen supply and the amount of air needed for mixture in a reactor when the oxygen transfer efficiency is 100%;

(5) FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating variations in the concentration of a material transferred to a biofilm when the mixture of liquids is sufficient;

(6) FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating variations in the concentration of a material transferred to a biofilm when the mixture of liquids is insufficient;

(7) FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a configuration of a membrane diffuser module according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

(8) FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a configuration of a membrane diffuser module according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

(9) FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a shortcut nitrogen remover adopting a membrane diffuser module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(10) FIG. 10 is a view illustrating a process in which nitrogen is removed from wastewater in a membrane diffuser according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(11) FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a process of shortcut nitrogen removal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(12) FIG. 12 is a view illustrating an activity inhibitor of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

(13) FIG. 13 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit is immersed in a leaching tank of a nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity inhibitor, according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

(14) FIG. 14 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit where solid leaching has been complete is immersed in an inhibition reaction tank filled with a nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppressant according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

(15) FIG. 15 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit where suppression reaction has been complete is moved to and immersed in a washing tank according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

(16) FIG. 16 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit is immersed in a leaching tank when NO gas is used as suppressant according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

(17) FIG. 17 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit is immersed in an inhibition reaction tank when NO gas is used as suppressant according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

(18) FIG. 18 is a view illustrating a process in which a suppressant of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is reused and injected in a partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

(19) FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method of suppressing nitrite oxidation by a nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity inhibitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

(20) Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same or substantially the same reference denotations are used to refer to the same or substantially the same elements throughout the specification and the drawings. When determined to make the subject matter of the present invention unclear, the detailed description of the known configurations or functions may be skipped.

(21) Such denotations as “first,” “second,” “A,” “B,” “(a),” and “(b),” may be used in describing the components of the present invention. These denotations are provided merely to distinguish a component from another, and the essence of the components is not limited by the denotations in light of order or sequence. When an element “includes” another element, the element may further include the other element, rather excluding the other element, unless particularly stated otherwise. Further, the term “ . . . unit” or “module” as used herein denote a unit processing at least one function or operation and be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.

(22) FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a conventional membrane used as diffuser and media.

(23) A membrane 110 is a hollow fiber membrane developed to separate solids from liquids. The membrane 110 may be used as a diffuser to supply air 120 to a reactor. As shown in FIG. 1, the membrane 110 supplies the air 120 through pores in the membrane 110 to the thereinside. The membrane 110 remains immersed in the reactor, and aerobic bacteria stick and grow on the surface thereof.

(24) Thus, the oxygen contained in the air 120 supplied to the inside of the membrane 110 may be directly supplied to the bacteria on the membrane surface, thus raising the oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE). The bacteria oxidize organic materials and ammonia, which are spread from the liquid of the reactor to the inside of a biofilm 130, using the supplied oxygen.

(25) FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a process in which nitrogen is removed from wastewater in a conventional membrane diffuser.

(26) The nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) (or nitrifier) sticking and growing on the membrane surface oxidize the ammonium nitrogen transferred from the liquid to produce nitrate nitrogen. The produced nitrate nitrogen is transferred to the liquid, reduces into nitrogen gas while oxidizing the organic materials by the denitrifying bacteria, and is then discharged to the air. Use of the diffuser using the membrane 110 enables nitrification and denitrification to be simultaneously performed in a single reactor and allows the oxygen transfer efficiency to reach nearly 100%, thus significantly saving the amount of air blow necessary for supplying oxygen.

(27) Meanwhile, the reason for supplying the air (gas) to the reactor is to achieve both the goal for supplying oxygen necessary for oxidizing contaminants and the goal for mixture in the reactor. It is known that it is ok to typically supply 1 m.sup.3/hr of air (gas) per one m.sup.3 to achieve the mixture in reactor. The amount of air (gas) supplied to the bio reactor in common wastewater treatment is larger than the amount necessary for mixture. For this reason, typically the amount of gas for mixture is not separately considered. This may be shown in FIG. 3.

(28) FIG. 3 is a view illustrating graphs of the amount of air supplied for oxygen supply and the amount of air needed for mixture in a reactor when the oxygen transfer efficiency is 20%.

(29) FIG. 3 shows comparison between the amount of air necessary for mixture and the amount of air for actually treating contaminants in the case where the aeration tank retention time in the treatment station with the capacity of 10,000 tons/day is three hours (OTE=20%). It can be shown from FIG. 3 that under most conditions, the amount of air (gas) supplied for supplying oxygen is larger than the amount of air necessary for mixture in reactor (C: organics removal, C+N: organics removal+nitrogen oxidation, C+N+DN: organics removal+nitrogen oxidation+denitritation, C+AMX: organics removal+shortcut nitrogen removal). Thus, if the amount of air (gas) for supplying oxygen is larger than the amount of air necessary for mixture in reactor, no separate stirrer for mixture in reactor is needed. However, the situation is changed if the oxygen transfer efficiency increases as shown in FIG. 4.

(30) FIG. 4 is a view illustrating graphs of the amount of air supplied for oxygen supply and the amount of air needed for mixture in a reactor when the oxygen transfer efficiency is 100%.

(31) It may be shown from the graph that under all of the conditions, the amount of air supplied is smaller than the amount of air necessary for mixture.

(32) Mixture is a critical factor in reaction engineering. If mixture is not properly performed, a concentration gradient occurs, slowing down the reaction. This may be shown from FIGS. 5 and 6.

(33) FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating variations in the concentration of the materials transferred to the bio film when the liquids are sufficiently mixed, and FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating variations in the concentration of materials transferred to the bio film when the liquid mixture is insufficient.

(34) As shown in FIG. 5, if the mixture is properly done, the concentration (C.sub.o) in the liquid is maintained so that the materials are transferred to the whole bio film 130. However, as shown in FIG. 6, if the liquid mixture is insufficient, the concentration is lowered depending on the distance in the liquid, and the materials may not be transferred to the inside of the bio film 130.

(35) Thus, if the membrane 110 is used as diffuser so that the oxygen transfer efficiency rises up to 100%, the energy necessary for air blow may be saved. However, as the energy necessary for liquid mixture is insufficient, efficient mixture is not done and, resultantly, the contaminant removal efficiency may be lowered. In particular, if the membrane 110 is used as diffuser, and the oxygen transfer efficiency rises up to 100%, the amount of air supplied is absolutely insufficient as compared with the amount of air necessary for mixture and, thus, the reaction speed may be significantly lowered as in the case of shortcut nitrogen removal (AMX) shown in FIG. 4. Thus, the membrane diffuser module adopting the conventional membrane 110 as diffuser may take a very long time to cultivate bacteria in the anaerobic environment.

(36) To address such issue, separate air injection for mixture or installation of a mixer for additional mechanical mixture is required. However, if the air is injected, oxygen is supplied together with the air and may negatively affect bacteria cultivation, e.g., causing toxins to the ANAMMOX bacteria that require an anaerobic or semi-anaerobic condition. If mechanical mixture is additionally performed, the shear force for mixture may not be transferred to the inside due to the nature of the module in which the film is densely integrated.

(37) According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is proposed a way to forcedly remove contaminants, e.g., nitrogen, from wastewater using a membrane diffuser that plays a role both as a diffuser for supplying oxygen and as media where bacteria stick and grown.

(38) FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a configuration of a membrane diffuser module according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a configuration of a membrane diffuser module according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

(39) Referring to FIG. 7, a membrane diffuser module 700 includes a plurality of membrane diffusers 710 and spaces 720 between the plurality of membrane diffusers 710. The membrane diffusers 710 may be configured of a plurality of fiber threads (not shown), but without limitation thereto, may include an inlet part (not shown) for allowing for supply of gas. The gas may be supplied simultaneously or individually to the plurality of membrane diffusers 710.

(40) The gas is supplied by a blower (not shown) and includes air 120 including nitrogen (not shown) and oxygen 121. Further, as necessary, the gas may include oxygen 121 or carbon dioxide 122 in addition to the air 120. The membrane diffusers 710 supply the gas necessary for removing contaminants to the membrane diffuser module 700. The amount of each component of the gas may be adjusted.

(41) The membrane diffuser module 700 adjusts the amount of each of the air 120, oxygen 121, or carbon dioxide 122 supplied so that the amount of the gas supplied is identical to the sum of the amount needed for supplying oxygen and the amount needed for mixture in reactor. In some cases, the membrane diffuser module 700 may prevent excessive supply of the gas, particularly oxygen 121, by adjusting the amount of each of the air 120, oxygen 121, or carbon dioxide 122 supplied. The membrane diffuser module 700 compares the amount of oxygen 121 included in the air 120 in the provided gas with the amount needed for supplying oxygen to trigger oxidation.

(42) First, there may be an occasion in which the amount of oxygen 121 included in the air in the provided gas (hereinafter, simply referred to as ‘provided oxygen amount’) is larger than the amount needed for supplying oxygen to trigger oxidation (hereinafter, simply referred to as ‘amount necessary for oxygen supply’). In such a case, too much oxygen 121 is present in the reactor and there is a high chance of failure in forming an anaerobic environment. Thus, the membrane diffuser module 700 reduces the amount of gas supplied. At this time, since the supplied gas is used for mixture in reactor as well as for supplying oxygen 121, the reduction in the amount of supplied gas may result in failure in proper mixture in the reactor although an anaerobic environment may be formed in the reactor. Thus, the membrane diffuser module 700 determines whether the amount of supplied gas less the amount needed for oxygen supply is sufficient for mixture in reactor. If the amount of supplied gas less the amount needed for oxygen supply is sufficient for mixture in reactor, the membrane diffuser module 700 reduces the amount of supplied gas until the provided oxygen (121) amount becomes identical to the amount needed for oxygen supply. In contrast, unless the amount of supplied gas less the amount needed for oxygen supply is sufficient for mixture in reactor, the membrane diffuser module 700 additionally injects as much carbon dioxide 122 as sufficient for mixture in reactor. If the additional air 120 is injected, the oxygen 121 in the air 120 obstructs the creation of an anaerobic environment. Thus, the membrane diffuser module 700 may additionally inject more carbon dioxide 122.

(43) On the contrary, if the provided oxygen (121) amount is insufficient as compared with the amount needed for oxygen supply, the membrane diffuser module 700 additionally injects oxygen 121. Without the need for operating a blower for supplying the additional air 120, the membrane diffuser module 700 may directly inject only the oxygen 121, which is needed, as much as needed, ensuring creation of an anaerobic environment along with as much injection as needed.

(44) The oxygen 121 included in the supplied gas moves through the pores in the membrane diffusers 710 from the inside to outside while being fed to the bacteria growing on the surface. Since the amount of oxygen 121 in the supplied air is limited, an aerobic environment may be created only around the membrane diffusers 710, and the bacteria are stuck and grown on the membrane diffusers 710. The bacteria growing on the surface are microorganisms that oxidize specific elements using oxygen and include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) that convert ammonia or ammonium ions into nitrite nitrogen and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) that convert nitrite nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) has about twice as higher oxygen affinity as the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Thus, if the dissolved oxygen (DO) is high, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) both have high activity and, thus, oxidation of ammonia or ammonium ions and oxidation of nitrite nitrogen may be actively performed. However, if the dissolved oxygen (DO) is low, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) which have relatively high oxygen affinity have high activity while the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) have low activity. In other words, if oxygen supply is limited, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) may take dominance where bacteria grow. Thus, oxidation of ammonia or ammonium ions actively proceeds, allowing nitrite ions to accumulate. The membrane diffuser module 710 may control the dominance of bacteria growing on the diffusers 710 by adjusting the amount of supplied air 120, specifically the amount of supplied oxygen 121, thus controlling the elements accumulated.

(45) Meanwhile, the ANAMMOX bacteria which convert ammonia and nitrite nitrogen into nitrogen gas grow in the inter-membrane diffuser spaces 720. The ANAMMOX bacteria may grow in suspended state or on separate media 810 placed in the spaces 720 for ANAMMOX bacteria. The ANAMMOX bacteria are microorganisms that convert ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrogen gas using nitrite nitrogen, an electron acceptor, in an anaerobic (or semi-anaerobic) environment. As set forth above, since the aerobic environment is created only around the membrane diffusers 710, the anaerobic environment is formed in the spaces between the membrane diffusers 710. Thus, bacteria cultivated in the anaerobic environment, as are ANAMMOX bacteria, may be optimally cultivated even without the need for a separate, additional environment. If the media 810 are installed, 90% or more of the bacteria stick to and grow on the media 810, and the bacteria may grow while forming a biofilm.

(46) The gas supplied to the membrane diffusers 810 includes the air 120, oxygen 121, and carbon dioxide 122, and the components are mixed and supplied or, in some context, additional supply may be performed for a needed component. The amount of the supplied gas may be adjusted to meet both the amount needed to remove contaminants and the amount needed for mixture in reactor and then be supplied.

(47) As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the bacteria cultivator 700 may supply the oxygen 121 to meet the condition where nearly 100% of the oxygen 121 may be used while meeting the amount of gas for mixture in reactor. Thus, the membrane diffuser module 700 may provide the gas in the optimal quantity without the need for excessively increasing the amount of gas, thus saving operation costs and leaving the overall reactor at high reaction speed. Further, the membrane diffuser module 700 does not reuse the remaining oxygen passing through the membrane diffuser module 700 and may thus be made in a smaller size.

(48) FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a shortcut nitrogen remover adopting a membrane diffuser module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(49) A shortcut nitrogen remover 900 removes nitrogen by adjusting the components in the gas using a membrane diffuser unit 910. An incoming wastewater measuring unit 950 of the shortcut nitrogen remover 900 measures the flux, organic materials, and ammoniacal nitrogen of incoming wastewater 940 and calculates the amount of gas supplied to the inside of the reactor 920. Since the amount of gas needed for mixture in the reactor 920 is typically 1 m.sup.3/hr per reactor volume, a controller 960 calculates the amount of gas needed for mixture in the reactor 920 from the volume of the reactor 920. The controller 960 calculates the amount of gas needed for mixture in the reactor 920 considering a safety rate of 10% to 30% and the amount of gas calculated using the volume of the reactor 920.

(50) The controller 960 also calculates the amount of oxygen needed for biological reaction. First, the controller 960 determines whether the amount of oxygen 121 included in the supplied gas meets the amount of oxygen needed for a biological reaction. Since the membrane diffuser (not shown) has an oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) of 100%, the controller 960 performs the above-described determination using calculation of the amount of air 120 supplied. In contrast, the conventional membrane diffuser is required to consider its unique oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) upon calculating the amount of supplied air 120, and the oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) has variables, e.g., time or environment. Thus, due to too many factors to be considered, calculation is too difficult and, if carried out, it takes too long.

(51) As set forth above, if the amount of oxygen in the supplied gas meets the amount of oxygen needed for biological reaction, the controller 960 determines whether the amount of supplied gas except for the oxygen 121 is larger than the amount of gas needed for mixture in reactor. If the amount of supplied gas except for the oxygen 121 is larger than the amount needed for mixture in reactor, the controller 960 reduces the supply of gas within the limit meeting the oxygen amount condition. In contrast, if the amount of supplied gas except for the oxygen 121 is smaller than the amount needed for mixture in reactor, the controller 960 increases the supply of carbon dioxide 122 to allow for supply of the gas sufficient for mixture in reactor.

(52) If the amount of the oxygen 121 included in the supplied air fails to meet the amount of oxygen needed for biological reaction, the controller 960 performs control to allow only pure oxygen 121 to be supplied.

(53) Thus, the controller 960 enables smooth biological reaction and mixture in reactor, along with supply of as much gas as needed, rather than too much gas.

(54) The incoming wastewater measuring unit 950 measures, in real-time, the flux of wastewater and the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen, allowing the controller 960 to calculate the amount of gas needed for nitritation.

(55) Meanwhile, the shortcut nitrogen remover 900 has high oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) but may not selectively supply the oxygen 121 only to the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) while cutting off the supply of oxygen 121 to the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) so as to suppress nitrite oxidation in the bio film where the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are mixed and grown. Thus, the shortcut nitrogen remover 900 may have a separate device to prevent the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) from oxidizing nitrite nitrogen. This device may suppress nitrite oxidation in the bio reactor 920, allowing for stable removal of nitrogen in subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). A device and method for suppressing nitrite oxidation by inhibiting the activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria are described in detail with reference to FIGS. 12 to 19.

(56) FIG. 10 is a view illustrating a process in which nitrogen is removed from wastewater in a membrane diffuser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(57) A membrane diffuser 1010 is immersed in a bio reactor 920, allowing bacteria to stick and grown on the membrane surface. In the gas 1020 needed for biological reaction and mixture, the air 120, oxygen 121, and carbon dioxide 122 are adjusted to a predetermined ratio and are supplied to the membrane diffuser 1010. The membrane diffuser 1010 may be formed of a material, e.g., fiber threads, where bacteria may easily be stuck and cultivated, but is not limited thereto. In this case, the bacteria stuck to the membrane surface include the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) that oxidize ammonia into nitrite nitrogen and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) that oxidize the nitrite nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen. The membrane diffuser 1010 may supply a limited amount of oxygen 121, as much as needed to produce nitrite nitrogen, thereby restricting growth of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Further, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) may 100% consume the supplied oxygen 121, allowing the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the liquid state to remain zero.

(58) The nitrite nitrogen generated by the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is smoothly transferred to the ANAMMOX bacteria present between the membrane diffusers 1010 by the mixing force of the gas 1020. The ANAMMOX bacteria remove nitrogen by the ANAMMOX reaction using the nitrite nitrogen produced by the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) stuck to the membrane diffuser 1010 and the ammoniacal nitrogen present in the liquid. At this time, for the ANAMMOX reaction to smoothly proceed, nitritation that converts part of the ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen needs to be performed first. In other words, it is critical to inhibit the activity of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) by creating an environment where the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is dominant so that nitrite nitrogen (NO.sub.2—N) is not oxidized into nitrate nitrogen (NO.sub.3—N). Likewise, a device and method therefor are described below with reference to FIGS. 12 to 19.

(59) Meanwhile, for the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to take dominance, the bio film 1030 created by the membrane diffuser 1010 needs to be efficiently leached and, at this time, the amount of gas 1020 needed becomes two or three times the amount of gas needed for mixture. Thus, as described above, the controller 960 of the shortcut nitrogen remover 900 supplies a flux needed for leaching by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide 122, thereby leaching the bio film and hence maintaining a proper sludge retention time (SRT).

(60) Since the ANAMMOX bacteria has a low growth rate, the membrane diffuser may add a module filled with separate media 810, thereby allowing the ANAMMOX bacteria to stick and grow. Thus, the membrane diffuser may secure ANAMMOX bacteria at a concentration two to three times higher than in the suspended state.

(61) The nitrate nitrogen which corresponds to 10% of the ammoniacal nitrogen removed while undergoing the shortcut nitrogen removal reaction is produced as a byproduct. The nitrate nitrogen, the byproduct of the shortcut nitrogen removal reaction, may be removed along with the organic materials present in the liquid, by the normal denitrifying bacteria in the suspended state. The conventional shortcut nitrogen removal process directly injects oxygen 121 needed for nitritation, so that all of the organic materials present in the liquid are oxidized. At this time, the carbon source used for removing the nitrate nitrogen which is the byproduct of shortcut nitrogen removal reaction is oxidized as well. Thus, the carbon source for removing nitrate nitrogen may run short, rendering it impossible to remove nitrate nitrogen by normal denitrification. For such a reason, the conventional techniques add a separate process for supplying a carbon source from the outside to remove nitrate nitrogen.

(62) However, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the membrane diffuser 1010 supplies the oxygen 121 needed for nitritation through the membrane diffuser 1010 only to the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) or nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and thus 100% consumes the same. Thus, the nitrite nitrogen, together with the organic materials present in the liquid, may be removed by the normal denitrifying bacteria. Thus, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the membrane diffuser 1010 advantageously requires no separate carbon source.

(63) FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a process of shortcut nitrogen removal according to an embodiment of the present invention. What has been described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 7 to 10 is not repeatedly described below.

(64) The shortcut nitrogen remover 900 supplies gas including air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in a predetermined quantity (S1110).

(65) The shortcut nitrogen remover 900 measures the flux of wastewater and the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (S1120).

(66) The shortcut nitrogen remover 900 calculates the amount of oxygen needed for a biological reaction and the amount of gas needed for mixture in reactor (S1130).

(67) The shortcut nitrogen remover 900 adjusts the amount of each component in the gas supplied, based on the calculated amount.

(68) FIG. 12 is a view illustrating an activity inhibitor of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

(69) A nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity inhibitor 1200 may be added to the shortcut nitrogen remover 900 where partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process is performed. As described above in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10, a method for effectively removing nitrogen is to prevent nitrite oxidation. However, since the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) coexist in the membrane diffuser unit 910, the present invention may inhibit the activity of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) by adding the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 to the shortcut nitrogen remover 900.

(70) The nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 includes a leaching tank 1210 for leaching solids and bacteria attached to the surface of the membrane diffuser unit 910, an inhibition reaction tank (or inhibition tank) 1220 filled with a suppressant for inhibiting the activity of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and a washing tank 1230 for washing out the suppressant remaining on the membrane surface.

(71) The leaching tank 1220 leaches excessive bacteria and solids stuck to the membrane diffuser unit 910. The retention time for leaching varies depending on the state of the stuck bacteria and solids and, after leaching is complete, the membrane diffuser unit 910 is carried to the inhibition tank 1220.

(72) The inhibition tank 1220 inhibits the conversion by the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) from nitrite to nitrate nitrogen. The inhibition tank 1220 includes a suppressant for inhibiting the activity of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and the time when the membrane diffuser unit 910 is immersed is varied depending on the kind and concentration of the suppressant.

(73) The washing tank 1230 washes out the components of the suppressant that are left on the membrane diffuser unit 910 immersed in the inhibition tank 1220. In particular, the washing tank 1230 removes the residue of hydroxylamine, which is very toxic among the components of the suppressant, preventing hydroxylamine from entering the reactor, where subsequent partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process is performed, and draining out along with the effluent water.

(74) After washing is done, the membrane diffuser unit 910 is carried to an ANAMMOX reactor (not shown) of the shortcut nitrogen remover 900 and then undergoes subsequent partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process.

(75) A device for inhibiting the activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and a method using the same are described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 13 to 17.

(76) FIG. 13 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit is immersed in a leaching tank of a nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor, according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

(77) With the air supplied to the bio reactor 920 blocked off, the membrane diffuser unit 910 installed in the bio reactor 920 is carried to the first tank, the leaching tank 1210, of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 including the three tanks 1210, 1220, and 1230. The membrane diffuser unit 910 undergoes immersion in the leaching tank 1210 while allowing excessive bacteria and solids stuck to the surface of the membrane diffuser to be removed.

(78) The leaching tank 1210 secures a depth at which the membrane diffuser unit 910 may be completely immersed using discharged water. A diffusing device (not shown) for supplying air to secure a shear force needed for leaching and a circulation pump 1240 for forming an upward flow are installed at the leaching tank 1210.

(79) In the leaching tank 1210, the air is supplied so that the surface velocity of air in the bio reactor 920 becomes 5 m/hr to 25 m/hr, considering the state of bacteria stuck to the immersed membrane diffuser unit 910. The nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 operates the circulation pump 1240 to supply circulation water so as to produce an additional shear force, thereby forming an upflow velocity in the leaching tank 1210 and hence prompting leaching. At this time, the leaching tank 1210 adjusts the circulation so that the surface upflow velocity (flux/reactor area) of the bio reactor 920 becomes 30 m/hr to 90 m/hr. The retention time of the membrane diffuser unit 910 in the leaching tank 1210 may be about 50 minutes to 60 minutes depending on the state of the attached bacteria.

(80) If leaching of the solids is complete, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 first stops operating the circulation pump 1240 and supplies only air for 5 minutes to 10 minutes. The amount of air supplied to the leaching tank 1210 is set to gradually reduce over time and, upon reaching a preset time, become zero. Thus, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 operates the circulation pump 1240 to generate an upflow velocity in the leaching tank 1210 and to move the leached solids to the upper part of the reactor 920, and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 stops operating the circulation pump 1240 to supply only the air so that the leached solids are, without sticking again to the membrane diffuser, moved to the lower part of the leaching tank 1210 and sedimented. The membrane diffuser unit 910 is removed from the leaching tank 1210, and the solids sedimented on the bottom of the leaching tank 1210 are discharged to a primary processing facility (not shown), and additional water is supplied to the leaching tank 1210 to maintain the depth of water in the solids-discharged leaching tank 1210.

(81) FIG. 14 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit where solid leaching has been complete is immersed in an inhibition reaction tank filled with a nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppressant according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

(82) The nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 moves the membrane diffuser unit 910, where leaching of the solids has bene complete, to the inhibition tank 1220. As the suppressant filling the inhibition tank 1220, hydroxylamine, NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4 may be used, but not limited thereto.

(83) Hydroxylamine is a white, small chunk and in a needle-shaped solid or colorless liquid state, is used to remove unnecessary leather from fiber or as a germicide. Hydroxylamine is known as an effective nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppressant. When hydroxylamine is used as suppressant, the time during which the membrane diffuser unit 910 stays in the inhibition tank 1220 varies depending on the concentration of suppressant. Typically, the retention time in the inhibition tank 1220 is adjusted so that concentration (mg/L)×time (minutes) ranges from 50 to 200. As such, the reason for limiting the range of concentration (mg/L)×time (minutes) is that if the suppressant stays for a predetermined time or longer, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) may be inhibited regardless of whether the concentration of the suppressant is high or low. Since the present invention aims to suppress the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), suppressing of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) results in deterioration of the overall processing efficiency. More specifically, the process according to an embodiment of the present invention may merely suppress the activity of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) but does not get rid of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). However, as the environment advantageous to the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) remains steady, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) may take dominance and, thus, the time and number of times of immersion for inhibiting the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) may reduce. At this time, if the degree of nitritation in the overall process is figured out and nitritation is stably performed, the number of times of immersion may be reduced and, if the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is increased, the number of times of immersion may be increased.

(84) In other words, this is for creating an environment in which the activity of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is suppressed, and the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) takes dominance. The concentration of the suppressant and the time of immersion in the inhibition tank 1220 may be adjusted depending on the degree of nitritation in the overall process.

(85) Where NO.sub.2 or NH.sub.4 is used as suppressant, it is material to maintain a proper pH. This is why if NO.sub.2 or NH.sub.4 is used as suppressant, the free nitrous acid (FNA) and free ammonia (FA) formed depending on pH and the concentration of NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4 are used to inhibit the activity of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB).

(86) Generally, it is known that the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is inhibited at the FNA concentration ranging from 0.2 mg/L to 2.8 mg/L. The FNA concentration is varied depending on the pH and the concentration of NO.sub.2 and, as the pH reduces and the NO.sub.2 concentration increases, the concentration of FNA rises. The present invention adjusts the concentration of FNA by adjusting the pH and concentration of NO.sub.2, thus allowing the immersion concentration (mg/L)×time (minutes) value to range from 24 to 50. Further, the pH is allowed to range from 4.5 to 6.0 to save the usage of suppressant. Likewise, the concentration of suppressant and the time of immersion in the inhibition tank 330 may be adjusted considering the condition of the overall process.

(87) In the case where NH.sub.4 is used, the concentration of free ammonia (FA) is varied depending on the pH and the concentration of NH.sub.4. It is known that at the FA concentration ranging from 0.1 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is inhibited. The present invention may vary the FA concentration by adjusting the pH and NH.sub.4 concentration and may adjust the FA concentration (mg/L)×retention time (minutes) to range from 2.5 to 25. Since the FA is formed well at high pH, the present invention adjusts the pH to range from 7.5 to 9.0, thereby saving chemical usage.

(88) As the suppressant used in the inhibition tank 1220, NO gas, as well as liquid hydroxylamine, NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4, may be used. An embodiment of a nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor using NO as suppressant is described below with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.

(89) FIG. 15 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit where suppression reaction has been complete is moved to and immersed in a washing tank according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

(90) The membrane diffuser unit 910 where the suppressing reaction has been complete is moved to the washing tank 1230, and the chemical residues on the surface of the membrane diffuser are removed in the washing tank 1230. Washing may be performed using the discharged water from the treatment facility for five minutes or less. However, the washing time may be adjusted depending on the state of adsorption of the remaining suppressant or the operation time of the overall process.

(91) FIG. 16 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit is immersed in a leaching tank when NO gas is used as suppressant according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

(92) As set forth above, NO gas, as well as hydroxylamine, NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4 may be used as suppressant. NO exists as colorless gas at the room temperature and has a melting point of −161° C. and a boiling point of −151° C. Since NO in the gas state has a density of 1.34 g/cm.sup.3 which is large as compared with the density of air, 0.0012 g/cm.sup.3, although NO gas is injected into the inhibition tank 1620 and used, discharge to the outside of the tank is minimized. In the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1600 that uses NO gas as suppressant, the membrane diffuser unit 910 is removed from the bio tank 920 and is carried to the leaching tank 1610. The operation conditions for the leaching tank 1610 is the same as those described above and are thus not repeatedly described.

(93) FIG. 17 is a view illustrating a process in which a membrane diffuser unit is immersed in an inhibition reaction tank when NO gas is used as suppressant according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

(94) The membrane diffuser unit 910 where leaching of solids has been complete is carried to the NO-filled inhibition tank 1620 and, in the inhibition tank 1620, such a reaction is performed as to suppress the activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the membrane diffuser unit 910. The NO concentration in the inhibition tank 1620 influences not only the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) but also the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and, thus, needs to remain at a proper level. The amount dissolved in the membrane diffuser may range from about 2 μg/L to about 5 μg/L, and the NO concentration may range from about 4 mg/L to about 10 mg/L but, without limitation thereto, the concentration may be left to be able to effectively suppress the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB).

(95) FIG. 18 is a view illustrating a process in which a suppressant of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is reused and injected in a partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(96) NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4 which are used as suppressant in the inhibition tank 1220 may be lowered in purity and functionality over time. To prevent this, chemicals may be put to maintain the concentration and it may thereby be reused as suppressant. However, in the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 of the present invention, NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4, which are lowered in concentration and thus are unavailable as suppressant, are put in the partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process, thereby saving processing costs.

(97) More specifically, in the partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process, the NO.sub.2—N: NH.sub.4—N ratio in the sewage introduced into the ANAMMOX process is maintained to be 1.32:1.0. Thus, in the partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process, part of nitrogen introduced to the partial nitritation tank 1810 upstream of the ANAMMOX tank 1820 is oxidized to allow the NO.sub.2—N:NH.sub.4—N ratio to be adjusted to be 1.32:1.0. To that end, in the partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process, a chemical for adjusting the NO.sub.2—N, NH.sub.4—N ratio is injected to a separate reactor (not shown) so that the NO.sub.2—N:NH.sub.4—N ratio is 1.32:1.0. At this time, as shown in FIG. 18, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 purifies the NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4 used in the inhibition tank 1220 and injects the purified NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4 to the ANAMMOX reactor 1820 to adjust the NO.sub.2—N:NH.sub.4—N ratio.

(98) FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method of suppressing nitrite oxidation by a nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity inhibitor according to an embodiment of the present invention. What has been described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 12 to 18 is not repeatedly described below.

(99) The nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 immerses the membrane diffuser unit 910 in the leaching tank 1210 to leach bacteria and solids excessively building up on the membrane diffuser unit 910 (S1910).

(100) The nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 immerses the membrane diffuser unit 910, where leaching of the solids has been complete, to the suppressant-filled inhibition tank 1220 so as to suppress nitrite oxidation (S1920).

(101) Where the suppressant used in the inhibition tank 1220 is hydroxylamine), NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 moves the membrane diffuser unit 910 to the washing tank 1230 to remove the chemical residues on the surface of the membrane diffuser unit 910 (S1930). At this time, a different process may be applied depending on the kind of suppressant used in the inhibition tank 1220. If the used suppressant is neither solid nor liquid, e.g., if NO gas is used as suppressant, the washing process may be omitted.

(102) If the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity inhibitor 1200 uses NO.sub.2 and NH.sub.4 as suppressant, they may be reused and injected to the partial nitritation-ANAMMOX process (S1940).

(103) Although FIGS. 11 and 19 illustrate that the steps are sequentially performed, this merely provides an embodiment of the disclosure. It would readily be appreciated by a skilled artisan that the steps of FIGS. 11 and 19 are not limited to the order shown but may rather be performed in a different order, one or more of the steps may simultaneously be performed, or other various modifications or changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The steps or processes described above in connection with FIGS. 11 and 19 may be implemented as computer-readable code in a recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium includes all types of recording devices storing data readable by a computer system. The computer-readable recording medium includes a storage medium, such as a magnetic storage medium (e.g., a ROM, a floppy disk, or a hard disk), an optical reading medium (e.g., a CD-ROM or a DVD), or a carrier wave (e.g., transmission over the Internet). Further, the computer-readable recording medium may be distributed to computer systems connected via a network, and computer-readable codes may be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

(104) The above-described embodiments are merely examples, and it will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art various changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the embodiments set forth herein are provided for illustrative purposes, but not to limit the scope of the present invention, and should be appreciated that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments. The scope of the present invention should be construed by the following claims, and all technical spirits within equivalents thereof should be interpreted to belong to the scope of the present invention.