Slicing machine

Abstract

In order to be able to implement a plurality of gripper functions acting independently of one another in a slicing machine without requiring a separate drive unit for each gripper function, a switching unit displaceable along an axial shifting distance is provided. Upon displacement of the switching unit along a first partial distance of a plurality of partial distances of the shifting distance, a caliber contact element is actuated in such a way that a caliber is pushed away from a caliber gripper, and upon shifting of the switching unit along a second partial distance, gripper claws of the caliber gripper are actuated in such a way that they are moved into an engagement position, in which they engage with the caliber, or into a release position, in which they release the caliber.

Claims

1. A slicing machine for slicing calibers into slices, comprising: a cutting unit, a feed unit for feeding at least one caliber to the cutting unit in a transport direction, the feed unit comprising a gripper unit having at least one caliber gripper, which has gripper claws and a caliber contact element, and a switching unit which can be displaced along a shifting distance for actuating the gripper claws and for actuating the caliber contact element, wherein a drive unit is provided for controlled driving of the switching unit, the shifting distance of the switching unit comprises a plurality of partial distances, the switching unit is coupled to the gripper claws and the caliber contact element in such a manner that upon displacement of the switching unit along a first partial distance of the plurality of partial distances, the caliber contact element is actuated, and when the switching unit is displaced along a second partial distance of the plurality of partial distances, the gripper claws of the at least one caliber gripper are actuated, and the switching unit is coupled to the gripper claws only along the second partial distance.

2. The slicing machine (1) according to claim 1, wherein the switching unit is displaceable substantially in and against the transport direction and/or the drive unit is embodied as a servo drive.

3. The slicing machine according to claim 2, wherein upon displacement of the switching unit substantially in the transport direction along the first partial distance, the caliber contact element is moved substantially in the transport direction and can act as a caliber ejector and/or when the switching unit is displaced substantially opposite to the transport direction along the first partial distance, the caliber contact element is moved substantially opposite to the transport direction and can act as a caliber feeler.

4. The slicing machine according to claim 1, wherein when the switching unit is displaced substantially in the transport direction along the second partial distance, the gripper claws are actuated in such a way that they are moved into a release position in which they do not engage in the at least one caliber, and/or when the switching unit is displaced counter to the transport direction along the second partial distance, the gripper claws are actuated in such a way that they are moved into an engagement position in which they engage in the at least one caliber.

5. The slicing machine according to claim 1, wherein the switching unit is embodied as a push rod.

6. The slicing machine according to claim 1, wherein the caliber contact element is further associated with a biasing element, which is provided biasing the caliber contact element toward the switching unit.

7. The slicing machine according to claim 6, wherein the biasing element comprises a spring.

8. The slicing machine according to claim 1, wherein the at least one caliber gripper further comprises a gripper body having a gripper plate with respect to which the caliber contact element is displaceable and the biasing element is supported at one end on the caliber contact element or a part connected thereto and at the other end on the gripper body.

9. The slicing machine according to claim 8, wherein the other end of the biasing element is supported on the gripper plate.

10. The slicing machine according to claim 1, wherein the switching unit comprises a switching unit toothing, which is embodied and intended to mesh with a gripper toothing formed on the at least one caliber gripper when the switching unit is displaced along the second partial distance.

11. The slicing machine according to claim 1, wherein the shifting distance further comprises a third partial distance of the plurality of partial distances, and when the switching unit is displaced along the third partial distance, the gripper claws of the at least one caliber gripper are moved to assume a maintenance position.

12. The slicing machine according to claim 1, wherein the switching unit is embodied as a push rod.

13. A method for operating a slicing machine with a cutting unit, a feed unit for feeding at least one caliber to the cutting unit along a transport direction, the feed unit comprising a gripper unit comprising at least one caliber gripper, which has gripper claws and at least one caliber contact element, and a switching unit which can be displaced along a shifting distance for actuating the gripper claws and for actuating the caliber contact element, the method comprising: driving the shifting unit in a controlled manner over its the entire shifting distance, and coupling the switching unit to the gripper claws only during movement of the shifting unit along a predetermined partial distance of the shafting distance, otherwise the switching unit is decoupled from the gripper claws.

14. The method according to claim 13, comprising displacing the switching unit substantially in and against the transport direction or substantially parallel thereto.

15. The method according to claim 13, comprising ejecting a product by the caliber contact element when the switching unit is displaced essentially in the transport direction along one partial distance and/or displacing the switching unit substantially in the opposite direction to the transportation direction along the one partial distance to use the caliber contact element as a caliber feeler.

16. A slicing machine for slicing products into slices, comprising: a cutting unit; and a feed unit for feeding a product to the cutting unit in a transport direction, the feed unit including a gripper unit having a product gripper, which has gripper claws for gripping the product, and a contact element for contacting the product, and a switching unit which can be displaced along a shifting distance for actuating the gripper claws and for actuating the contact element, wherein the shifting distance of the switching unit comprises a plurality of partial distances, wherein the switching unit is coupled to the gripper claws and the contact element in such a manner that upon displacement of the switching unit along a first partial distance of the plurality of partial distances, the contact element is actuated, and when the switching unit is displaced along a second partial distance of the plurality of partial distances, the gripper claws of the product gripper are actuated, and wherein the switching unit is coupled to the gripper claws only along the second partial distance.

17. The slicing machine according to claim 16, wherein the switching unit comprises a switching unit toothing, which is embodied and intended to mesh with a gripper toothing formed on the product gripper when the switching unit is displaced along the second partial distance.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. They show:

(2) FIGS. 1a, b: a slicing machine in the form of a slicer according to the prior art in different perspective views,

(3) FIG. 1c: the slicing machine of FIGS. 1a, bin side view,

(4) FIG. 2a: a simplified vertical longitudinal section through the slicing machine of FIGS. 1a-c, i.e., in the same direction of view as FIG. 1c, in which the various conveyor belts can be seen more clearly, with the feed belt tilted up into the slicing position,

(5) FIG. 2b: a longitudinal section as in FIG. 2a, but with the infeed belt tilted down into the loading position and the product caliber in an advanced state of cutting,

(6) FIG. 3: an enlarged detailed view of a section of FIG. 2b,

(7) FIG. 4: a schematic view of a caliber gripper with servo drive for the slicing machine according to the invention, and

(8) FIGS. 5a-5f: schematic views of an alternative embodiment of the caliber gripper, in which the caliber gripper is in different working positions.

(9) FIGS. 1a, 1b show different perspective views of a slicer 1 for simultaneous slicing of several product calibers K side by side and depositing in shingled portions P of several slices S each with a general pass through direction 10* through the slicer 1 from left to right, and FIG. 1c is a side view of this slicer 1.

(10) FIG. 2a shows a vertical section through such a slicer 1 in longitudinal direction 10, the transport direction of the calibers K to the cutting unit 7 and thus the longitudinal direction of the calibers K lying in the slicer 1, i.e., with the same viewing direction as FIG. 1c, simplified by omitting details less important for the invention.

(11) It can be seen that the basic structure of a slicer 1 according to the state of the art is that a cutting unit 7 with a rotating sickle blade 3 is fed with several, in this case four, product calibers K lying next to each other transversely to the transport direction 10 in a feed unit 20, from the front ends of which the rotating sickle blade 3 simultaneously cuts off a slice S in each case.

(12) For this purpose, the feed unit 20 comprises a feed conveyor 4 in the form of an endless, circulating feed belt 4, the upper run of which can be driven at least in the transport direction 10 and also in opposition thereto, the calibers K lying side by side in the width of this feed conveyor 4 being arranged on the feed belt 4 spaced apart in the transport direction 10 by spacers 15 which project outwardly from the feed belt 4 with respect to the direction of circulation, i.e., upwardly from the upper run.

(13) For slitting the product calibers K, the feed conveyor 4 is in the inclined position shown in FIGS. 1a-c and 2a with a low-lying cutting-side front end and a high-lying rear end, from which it can be tilted down into an approximately horizontal loading position about a pivot axis 20′ running in its width direction, the 1st transverse direction 11, which is located in the vicinity of the cutting unit 7.

(14) The rear end of a caliber K—lying in the feed unit 20 is held positively in each case by a gripper 14a-d with the aid of gripper claws 16. These grippers 14a-14d, which can be activated and deactivated with respect to the position of the gripper claws 16, are attached to a common gripper unit 13, which can be fed along a rod shaped gripper guide 18 in the transport direction 10.

(15) Both the feed of the gripper unit 13 and the feed conveyor 4 can be driven in a controlled manner, but the specific feed speed of the calibers K is effected by a so-called upper and lower product guide 8, 9, which engage the upper and lower sides of the calibers K to be cut open at their front end regions near the cutting unit 7:

(16) For the slicing, the front ends of the calibers K are each guided through a product opening 6a-d present for each caliber, which are formed in a plateshaped cutting frame 5, which is a component of the cutting unit 7, in that the cutting plane 3″ runs directly in front of the front, obliquely downward pointing end face of the cutting frame 5, in which the sickle blade 3 rotates with its cutting edge 3a and thus cuts off the projection of the calibers K over the cutting frame 5 as a slice S. The cutting plane 3″ runs perpendicular to the upper run of the feed conveyor 4 and/or is spanned by the two transverse directions 11, 12.

(17) The inner circumference of the product openings 6a-d of the cutting edge 3a of the blade 3 serves as a counter cutting edge.

(18) The product openings 6a-d of the replaceable cutting frame 5 are approximately adapted to the cross section shape and size of the calibers K to be cut, but since their cross section size is subject to production-related fluctuations, the cross section of the eye product glass openings 6a-d is generally somewhat larger than the cross section of the caliber K to be cut.

(19) In order to nevertheless achieve a good cutting result and to be able to control parameters such as the contact force of the caliber K on the inner circumferential surface of the product opening 6a-d and other parameters, the bottom and top product guides 8, 9, each in the form of a conveyor belt, are provided, of which the bottom product guide 9 with its upper run and the top product guide 8 with the lower run of the corresponding conveyor belt are in frictional contact with the underside and top side of the caliber K respectively.

(20) Since both product guides 8, 9 can be driven in a controlled manner, in particular independently of one another, they determine the—continuous or clocked—feed speed of the calibers K through the cutting frame 5. Preferably, the two product guides 8, 9 are present in the 1st transverse direction 11 separately for each caliber K and can be driven controlled.

(21) In addition, at least the upper product guide 8 is displaceable in the 2nd transverse direction 12—which is perpendicular to the surface of the upper run of the feed conveyor 4 tilted up into the cutting position—for adaptation to the height H of the caliber K in this direction. Furthermore, at least one of the product guides 8, 9 can be embodied to be pivotable about one of its deflection rollers 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b in order to be able to change the direction of the run of its conveyor belt, resting against the caliber K, to a limited extent.

(22) The slices S, which stand in the space inclined corresponding to the inclined position of the feed unit 20 and cutting unit 7 during slicing, fall onto a discharge unit 17 which starts below the cutting frame 5 and runs in the pass through direction 10* and which in this case consists of several discharge conveyors 17a, b, c arranged one behind the other with their upper runs approximately aligned in the pass through direction 10*, one of which can also be embodied as a weighing unit.

(23) In this case, the slices S fall either directly onto these discharge conveyors 17a-c, as shown for example in FIGS. 1c, 2a and 2b, or onto a packaging element resting thereon, such as a carrier carton or a flat plastic tray.

(24) Below the feed unit 20 there is also an approximately horizontally running end piece conveyor 21, likewise in the form of an endlessly circulating conveyor belt, which starts with its front end below the cutting frame 5 and directly below or behind the discharge unit 17 and with its upper run transports off end pieces falling thereon from there to the rear against the pass through direction 10*.

(25) For this purpose, at least the first discharge conveyor 17a in the pass through direction 10* can be driven with its upper run counter to the pass through direction 10* so that an end piece falling thereon, for example, can be transported to the rear and falls onto the lower-lying end piece conveyor 21.

(26) FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detailed view of a section of FIG. 2b, in which, in the area of the cutting frame 5 of the slicer 1, the product guides 8, 9 and a product gripper 14, which is attached to the gripper unit 13, holding the caliber K can be seen.

(27) The upper product guide 8 can be driven by a drive unit 8* acting in the region of the deflection roller 8a, while the lower product guide 9a can be driven by a drive unit 9* acting in the region of the deflection roller 9a. Since, as already explained with FIGS. 1a-c, the slicer 1 shown is a multi-track slicer 1, the slicer 1 comprises for each track a caliber gripper 14, an upper product guide 8 and a lower product guide 9 arranged opposite thereto with respect to a main plane of the calibers K, i.e., in the 1st transverse direction 11 both a plurality of caliber grippers 14 and a plurality of upper product guides 8 and lower product guides 9.

(28) The special feature according to the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5a-5f.

(29) FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a caliber gripper 14, which is attached to the gripper unit 13 described above. For gripping the caliber K, the caliber gripper 14 comprises the gripper claws 16 described above, which are shown in FIG. 4 in a release position, in which they release the caliber K. The gripper claws 16 are mounted on the gripper unit 13 described above. Furthermore, the caliber gripper 14 comprises a caliber contact element 26 which can be moved in the transport direction 10 of the caliber K in order to be able to push an end piece KR of the caliber K away from a gripper base body 25 having a gripper plate 32 in the form of a scraper plate 32, so that it can fall down onto the end piece conveyor 21 described above and not shown in FIG. 4.

(30) In the Exemplary embodiments shown, the gripper claws 16 and the caliber contact element 26 are actuated by a switching unit 30 in the form of a push rod 30, which can be moved in and against the transport direction 10 by means of a drive unit 29 in the form of an electric servo drive 29. The push rod 30 can be moved along an axial shifting distance 27, which will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 5a-5e. The axial shifting distance 27 can correspond to a working stroke, which the push rod 30 can perform in its shifting direction—i.e., in the exemplary embodiment shown here—in the transport direction 10.

(31) The force transmission between the push rod 30 and the gripper claws 16 can be effected, on the one hand, by meshing a rod toothing 30.1a formed on the push rod 30 with a gripper toothing 14.1 formed on the caliber gripper 14, as shown in FIG. 4.

(32) In order that the caliber contact element 26 can also be actuated several times in succession by the push rod 30, a preloading element 31 in the form of a spring 31 is also assigned to it, which is supported at one end on the stripper plate 32 and at the other end on a flange 25.1 of the caliber contact element 26 and is provided to preload the caliber contact element 26 in the direction of the push rod 30. The actuation of the caliber contact element 26 in the transport direction 10 can thereby be effected by an end of the push rod 30 located in the transport direction 10 approaching the flange 25.1 of the caliber contact element 26 and pushing it away from the stripper plate 32 in the transport direction 10. By the action of the spring 31, the caliber contact element 26 can be moved back again against the transport direction 10 in the direction of the scraper plate 32, preferably until it abuts against the scraper plate 32.

(33) Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the caliber contact element 26 can also act as a caliber feeler 26 for detecting a caliber K Namely, if the caliber gripper 14 is moved together with the gripper unit 13 towards a caliber K, the caliber contact element 26 moves against the transport direction 10 in the direction of the scraper plate 32. This in turn also moves the push rod 30 driven by the servo drive 29 against the transport direction 10, which can be detected by a control 1* of the slicer 1 that is operatively connected to the servo drive 29, and can accordingly indicate the presence of a caliber K.

(34) Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5a, the power transmission between the push rod 30 and the gripper claws 16 can also be effected via a system of rods 30.1b, which is connected at one end to the push rod 30 and at the other end to the gripper claw 16. The system of rods 30.1b comprises a first rod 30.1b′ and a second rod 30.1b″. The first rod 30.1b′ is thereby fixedly connected to the gripper claw 16 as well as pivotally attached to the gripper body 25 about a first pivot axis 30.2b. The second rod 30.1b″ is connected to the first rod 30.1b′ at one end so as to be pivotable about a second pivot axis 30.3b, and at the other end is connected to the push rod 30 so as to be pivotable about a third pivot axis 30.4b. The operation of the caliber contact element 26 corresponds to that which has already been described with reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.

(35) FIGS. 5a-5f each show schematic views of the caliber gripper 14, in which the caliber gripper 14, in particular the gripper claws 16 and the caliber contact element 26, and the push rod 30 are each in different working positions. In FIGS. 5a-5f, the caliber gripper 14 is shown in the embodiment in which it comprises the system of rods 30.1b described above. However, it should already be pointed out that the following explanations also apply in a substantially analogous manner to the embodiment according to FIG. 4, in which the caliber gripper 14 comprises the gripper toothing 14.1 described above and the push rod 30 comprises the rod toothing 30.1a described above.

(36) FIG. 5a shows a working position in which a so-called “product search” or “caliber search” is carried out. In this process, the gripper unit 13 is moved together with the caliber feeler in the transport direction 10 until the caliber contact element 26, which initially acts as a caliber feeler 26, has reached a caliber K. The caliber feeler is then moved in the transport direction 10. During the process or movement in the transport direction 10, the caliber feeler is in the extended position, i.e., in the position pushed away from the scraper plate 32 in the transport direction 10

(37) FIG. 5b now shows a working position in which the gripper unit 13 or the caliber gripper 14 has reached the caliber K. The caliber is now in the extended position, i.e., pushed away from the scraper plate 32 in the feed direction 10. Therefore the caliber contact element 26 has been moved in the transport direction 10 by a first partial distance 27a, which corresponds to a part of the shifting distance 27. As a result of the movement of the caliber contact element 26, the push rod 30 has correspondingly also been moved about the first partial distance 27a in the transport direction 10, whereby the presence of the caliber K has been detected in the manner described above and the movement of the gripper unit 13 in the transport direction 10 has been stopped. As a result of the movement of the push rod 30, the system of rods 30.1b has also been moved accordingly, causing the gripper claws 16 to move in the direction of the scraper plate 32 so that the gripper claws 16 are at the height of the scraper plate 32 in the transport direction 10.

(38) Finally, FIG. 5c shows a working position in which the push rod 30 has been moved further by a second partial distance 27b against the transport direction 10, starting from the state shown in FIG. 5b. As a result of this, the system of rods 30.1b has been moved further and thus the gripper claws 16 have been transferred to an engagement position in which they engage with the caliber K, i.e., penetrate into it, whereby the caliber K can be held securely by the gripper claws 16. After the working position shown in FIG. 5c has been reached, the gripper unit 13 can be moved further in the transport direction 10, while the caliber K can be cut into slices S by means of the cutting unit 7 with the rotating sickle blade 3 (see FIGS. 2a and 2b).

(39) After the caliber K has been cut except for a remaining end piece KR, the gripper claws 16 are first opened, i.e., moved back toward their release position, to release the end piece KR. This state is shown in FIG. 5d and is achieved by moving the push rod 30, again by means of the servo drive 29, by the second partial distance 27b in the transport direction 10.

(40) If the end piece KR remains attached to the caliber contact element 26 or the scraper plate 32, the push rod 30 can be moved further by the first partial distance 27a in the transport direction 10 by means of the servo drive 29, as finally shown in FIG. 5e, whereby the caliber contact element 26 is also actuated in the transport direction 10, so that the end piece KR can be pushed away from the scraper plate 32 and fall down.

(41) Subsequently, the operation described above can again be repeated starting from the working position shown in FIG. 5a. The working position shown in FIG. 5e preferably corresponds to the working position shown in FIG. 5a.

(42) It should be added that the axial shifting distance 27 may further comprise a third partial distance 27c, and that upon shifting of the push rod 30 along the third partial distance 27c in the transport direction 10, the gripper claws 16 of the at least one caliber gripper 14 are actuated to assume a maintenance position shown in FIG. 5f. This can be advantageous not only for cleaning the caliber gripper 14, but also for simplified disassembly of the caliber gripper 14.

(43) Furthermore, it should be added that in the event that the caliber gripper 14 is formed as shown in FIG. 4, whereby it comprises the gripper toothing 14.1 described above and the push rod 30 comprises the rod toothing 30.1a, the movement of the gripper claws 16 is preferably coupled to the movement of the push rod 30 only along the second partial distance 27b, i.e., the gripper teeth 14.1 and the rod teeth 30.1a are engaged with each other only along the second partial distance 27b and are otherwise disengaged.

REFERENCE LIST

(44) 1 slicing machine, slicer 1* control 2 base frame 3 blade 3 rotation axis 3″ blade plane, cutting plane 3a cutting edge 4 feed conveyor, feed belt 5 cutting frame 6a-d product opening 7 cutting unit 8 upper product guide, upper guide belt 8.1 contact run, lower run 8a cutting side deflection roller 8b deflection roller facing away from the cutting side 9 bottom product guide, lower guide belt 8.1 contact run, upper run 9a cutting side deflection roller 9b deflection roller facing away from the cutting side 10 transport direction, longitudinal direction, axial direction 10* pass through direction 11 1. transverse direction (width slicer) 12 2. transverse direction (height direction caliber) 13 gripper unit, gripper slide 14.14a-d gripper, product gripper 14.1 gripper toothing 15 spacer 15′ support surface 16 gripper claw 17 discharge conveyor unit 17a, b, c portioning belt, discharge conveyor 18 gripper guide 19 height sensor 20 feed unit 21 end piece conveyor 22 end piece container 25 gripper body 25.1 flange 26 caliber contact element, caliber ejector, caliber feeler 27 shifting distance 27a-c partial distance 28 clutch 29 drive unit, servo drive 30 switching unit, push rod 30.1a shift unit toothing, rod toothing 30.1b system of rods 30.1b′ first rod 30.2b′ second rod 30.2b first pivot axis 30.3b second pivot axis 30.4b third pivot axis 31 preloading element, spring 32 gripper plate, scraper plate 37 spacer K product, product caliber, caliber KR end piece S slice