CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE AS ELECTROLYTE FOR THE GENERATION OF HYDROGEN AS FUEL IN DIESEL AND GASOLINE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH A CATALYST SYSTEM USING MINIMUM CURRENT

Abstract

An electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines for a production of hydrogen concentrations by a hydrogen generation device. A method of making the electrolyte includes weighing sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydride; adding the sodium hydroxide and the potassium hydride to deionized water to make a first composition; mixing the first composition; adding the sodium borohydride to the first composition to make a second composition; adding more deionized water to the second composition to make a basic electrolyte solution; diluting the basic electrolyte solution by adding more deionized water to make a third composition; and adding approximately 3 to 10 mL of sodium borohydride approximately 4.4008 M to the third composition to make an electrolyte having a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M.

Claims

1. An electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines, comprising a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M for a production of hydrogen concentrations.

2. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 1, further characterized in that said final concentration sodium borohydride is lesser than said approximately 0.05947 M.

3. An electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines, comprising a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M or lesser for a production of hydrogen concentrations by a hydrogen generation device for a system requiring hydrogen continuously without storage thereof.

4. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 3, further comprising sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydride, and deionized water.

5. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 3, further characterized in that said hydrogen generation device comprises a container and cover made of plastic.

6. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 5, further characterized in that said plastic is polypropylene.

7. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 5, further characterized in that said container and said cover house steel sheets, and said hydrogen generation device further comprises screws, a relief valve, a drain, terminal blocks, and a hydrogen outlet hose.

8. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 7, further characterized in that said steel sheets are an arrangement of two sets of plates.

9. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 8, further characterized in that each of said two sets of plates comprises three negative plates joined to a ground, two positive plates joined to a positive, and four neutral plates.

10. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 9, further characterized in that said negative, positive, and neutral plates are separated at a distance of approximately 4 mm.

11. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 10, further characterized in that said two sets of plates are attached to said cover by said screws.

12. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 11, further characterized in that said screws are made of steel.

13. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 12, further characterized in that said screws function as terminal blocks, whereby cables from a vehicle power source for current flow are connected and carry out an electrolysis process.

14. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 13, further characterized in that said hydrogen generation device is sealed and comprises a single hole where said hydrogen outlet hose will transport generated said hydrogen to an engine of said vehicle.

15. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 3, further characterized in that said hydrogen generation device is approximately 21.5 cm in width, by 32.5 cm in length, by 15 cm in height.

16. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 3, further characterized in that said hydrogen generation device is activated by connecting positive and negative cables from a battery and/or alternator of a vehicle, and said vehicle is an automobile, car, truck, pickup, tractor, recreational vehicle, sport utility vehicle, or motorcycle.

17. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 16, further characterized in that said battery and/or alternator of a vehicle provides an initial amperage of approximately between 6 and 12 amps, all according to a cylinder capacity of a vehicle engine.

18. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 3, further characterized in that said hydrogen concentrations are combined with fossil fuels to produce a more efficient combustion.

19. The electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines set forth in claim 18, further characterized in that said fossil fuels include diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and natural gas.

20. A method of making electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines, comprises the steps of: A) weighing approximately 16.6497 g of sodium borohydride, approximately 10.0940 g of sodium hydroxide, and approximately 3.8475 g of potassium hydride; B) adding said approximately 10.0940 g of sodium hydroxide and said approximately 3.8475 g of potassium hydride to approximately 60 mL of first deionized water to make a first composition; C) mixing said first composition; D) adding said approximately 16.6497 g of sodium borohydride to said first composition to make a second composition; E) adding second deionized water to said second composition to make approximately 100 mL of basic electrolyte solution; F) diluting said approximately 100 mL of basic electrolyte solution by adding approximately 7400 mL of third deionized water to make a third composition; and G) adding approximately 3 to 10 mL of sodium borohydride approximately 4.4008 M to said third composition to make an electrolyte having a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] With the above and other related objects in view, the invention consists in the details of construction and combination of parts as will be more fully understood from the following description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

[0030] FIG. 1 illustrates horsepower improvement with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines.

[0031] FIG. 2 illustrates generally reduced operating temperatures with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines.

[0032] FIG. 3 illustrates reduced times required to ascend inclines with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines.

[0033] FIG. 4 illustrates improved vehicle acceleration with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines.

[0034] FIG. 5 illustrates improved recovery responses with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines.

[0035] FIG. 6 illustrates improved performance with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines with diesel fuel.

[0036] FIG. 7 illustrates energy densities of various fuels.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0037] The present invention is an electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines and the method of making same, with a hydrogen generation device and a system requiring hydrogen continuously without storage thereof. Hydrogen gas from the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines, improves combustion and thus efficiency. The more efficient combustion increases engine power. The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines, allows for increased storage time at low temperatures.

[0038] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines comprises sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and water, which is an ideal fuel additive for the maximization of water and its energy capacity. The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines is activated in two stages, the first is given by the action of current flow in a process of electrolysis where together with the electrolyte breaking of covalent bonds linking the oxygen molecule with the freeing them hydrogen occurs, and the second stage is the action exerted by hydrogen when entering the combustion chamber and supplement or potentiate the action exerted by the traditional fuel.

[0039] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines comprises a solution of sodium borohydride in a basic medium. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines has a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M or lesser. It is important to note that this invention is not from organic compounds.

[0040] A method of making electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines, comprises the steps of:

[0041] A) weighing approximately 16.6497 g of sodium borohydride, approximately 10.0940 g of sodium hydroxide, and approximately 3.8475 g of potassium hydride;

[0042] B) adding said approximately 10.0940 g of sodium hydroxide and said approximately 3.8475 g of potassium hydride to approximately 60 mL of first deionized water to make a first composition;

[0043] C) mixing said first composition;

[0044] D) adding said approximately 16.6497 g of sodium borohydride to said first composition to make a second composition;

[0045] E) adding second deionized water to said second composition to make approximately 100 mL of basic electrolyte solution;

[0046] F) diluting said approximately 100 mL of basic electrolyte solution by adding approximately 7400 mL of third deionized water to make a third composition; and

[0047] G) adding approximately 3 to 10 mL of sodium borohydride approximately 4.4008 M to said third composition to make an electrolyte having a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M.

[0048] It is important to note that the action taken by hydrogen depends entirely on the breakage of the water, encouraged both by the electrolyte and by the electrolysis itself.

[0049] A hydrogen generation device of the present invention uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Like fuel cells, the hydrogen generation device consists of an anode and a cathode separated by the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines. The hydrogen generation device is made of plastic, which does not react with the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines, and does not intervene or interfere with any of the stages of hydrogen generation. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen generation device comprises a container and cover made of polypropylene that house steel sheets, and further comprises screws, double-sided tape, a relief valve, a drain, terminal blocks, and a hydrogen outlet hose.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the steel sheets are an arrangement of two sets of plates. Each set of plates has three negative plates joined to a ground (negative charge), two positive plates joined to a positive (positive charge), and four neutral plates. The plates are separated at a distance of approximately 4 mm. The two sets of plates are attached to the cover by the screws. In a preferred embodiment, the screws are made of steel to function as terminal blocks, whereby cables from a vehicle's power source for current flow are connected and effectively carry out the electrolysis process. In one embodiment, the hydrogen generation device is sealed and comprises a single hole where the hydrogen outlet hose will transport generated hydrogen to an engine of the vehicle. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen generation device is approximately 21.5 cm in width, by 32.5 cm in length, by 15 cm in height.

[0051] The hydrogen generation device is activated by connecting positive and negative cables from a power source, such as a battery and/or alternator, of a vehicle. Such a vehicle can be, but is not limited to, automobiles, cars, trucks, pickups, tractors, recreational vehicles, SUVs, motorcycles, and any other motorized vehicles for transportation. In a preferred embodiment, an initial amperage of approximately between 6 and 12 amps, all according to a cylinder capacity of the vehicle's engine is utilized.

[0052] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines works in standard environmental conditions for an operating engine of a vehicle, making it efficient when producing hydrogen as fuel in diesel and gasoline internal combustion engines with a catalyst system using minimal current. It is noted that an amount of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines required depends on a cylinder capacity of the vehicle, and multiple hydrogen generation devices may be utilized for a vehicle. Waste, borate, produced by the hydrogen generation device may revert back to sodium borohydride through a series of chemical processes, ensuring cost reduction by reusing the present invention electrolyte and clean waste management.

[0053] As mentioned above, the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines is activated in two stages.

[0054] A first stage is the activation of the present invention electrolyte having a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M or lesser, by the action of passing current through the electrolyte, resulting in the release of four hydrogen molecules, according to the following reaction:

NaBH.sub.4+2H.sub.2O.fwdarw.NaBO.sub.2+4H.sub.2.

[0055] The release of hydrogen is the beginning of the second stage, in which the released hydrogen exercises its power to make a fundamental part of the combustion process, whereby a ratio of hydrogen-air/fuel and its effectiveness in an engine is:

2H.sub.2=(O.sub.2+3.76N.sub.2.fwdarw.2H.sub.2O+3.76N, whereby:

[0056] Air mass: (1 molO2 32 g/mol+3.76 molN2*28 g/mol)=137.28 g, and

[0057] Hydrogen mass: 4 molH2*2 g/mol=8

[0058] It is important to note that the present invention electrolyte having a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M implemented in its stoichiometry equation produces four hydrogen molecules instead of two, meaning that the mass of the hydrogen to the above equation is double, equivalent to eight grams.

[00001]$.Math.\mathrm{RACest}=\frac{\mathrm{masa}.Math..Math.\mathrm{air}}{\mathrm{mass}.Math..Math.\mathrm{combustible}}=\frac{137}{8}=17.13.Math..Math.\frac{\mathrm{Kg}.Math..Math.\mathrm{air}}{\mathrm{Kg}.Math..Math.\mathrm{comb}}$$\mathrm{RACest\_mol}=\frac{\mathrm{moles}.Math..Math.\mathrm{air}}{\mathrm{moles}.Math..Math.\mathrm{combustible}}=\frac{1*4.76}{4}=1.19.Math..Math.\mathrm{moles}.Math..Math.\mathrm{air}.Math.\text{/}.Math.\mathrm{moles}.Math..Math.\mathrm{comb}.$

[0059] Wherein RAC is the air-fuel ratio of the system.

[0060] The combustion of hydrogen produces no carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2).

[0061] FIG. 1 evidences an increase in horsepower with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines.

[0062] FIG. 2 evidences generally reduced operating temperatures when traveling approximately below 115 km/hr. with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines.

[0063] FIG. 3 evidences a reduced time required to ascend a 5 and 10 degree incline with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines.

[0064] FIG. 4 evidences improved vehicle acceleration with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines, whereby hydrogen is produced by electrolysis with a solution of NaBH.sub.4-diesel.

[0065] FIG. 5 evidences an improved recovery response with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines, whereby the system not only has a greater capacity for acceleration, but in turn the recovery is better because it improves torque conditions and generally the whole system works better.

[0066] FIG. 6 evidences improved performance with use of the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines with diesel fuel, thus saving up 16.28 gallons of diesel over a distance of 200 kilometers.

[0067] FIG. 7 illustrates energy densities of various fuels. The hydrogen gas takes advantage of energy content in fossil fuels including, but not limited to diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and natural gas to produce a more efficient combustion.

[0068] Hydrogen gas from the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines is an inorganic fuel capable of generating energy equivalent or better to that of fossil fuels. A stoichiometry in the ratio of hydrogen gas from the present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines is approximately 1.19:1, indicating approximately 1.19 grams of hydrogen gas from the present invention electrolyte to approximately 1 gram of diesel fuel is required.

[0069] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines improves a general condition of vehicles without requiring a change in factory settings.

[0070] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines improves vehicle fuel efficiency, and does not generate pollutants, such as CO.sub.2, contributing to reducing a greenhouse effect and global pollution.

[0071] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines works dually with fossil fuels not only increasing its octane rating, but in turn a percentage yield of such fuels.

[0072] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines exerts a synergistic effect on traditional fuel, especially during long runs.

[0073] The present invention electrolyte is not only applicable to internal combustion engines, but also to any system requiring hydrogen continuously without storage thereof.

[0074] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines is a clean fuel that produces no polluting waste affecting the environment.

[0075] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines is compatible with different types of engines.

[0076] The amount of hydrogen molecules produced per gram of fuel by the present invention electrolyte having a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M is superior to other electrolytes.

[0077] The present invention electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines has no risk of explosion by direct contact with fire and hydrogen gas from the present invention electrolyte produced is utilized immediately, ensuring a secure system for the vehicle.

[0078] Hydrogen gas from the present invention electrolyte is not harmful to human health in case of leakage and subsequent inhalation.

[0079] The foregoing description conveys the best understanding of the objectives and advantages of the present invention. Different embodiments may be made of the inventive concept of this invention. It is to be understood that all matter disclosed herein is to be interpreted merely as illustrative, and not in a limiting sense.