Abstract
A grate step module (1) for a thrust combustion grate for the combustion of refuse in a large-scale plant has a carrier part (2) for the grate steps (3, 4), exactly one fixed grate step (3) and exactly one movable grate step (4) and also a grate step drive. The movable grate step (4) is displaceable back and forth with respect to the fixed grate step (3) by way of the grate step drive. The grate step module (1) is connectable in a row with further grate step modules (1) without a gap and in this way forms the thrust combustion grate.
Claims
1. A grate step module for a thrust combustion grate for the incineration of waste in a large-scale plant, wherein the grate step module comprises a carrier part for grate steps, wherein the grate step module has exactly one fixed grate step and exactly one movable grate step and a grate step drive, wherein the movable grate step is displaceable back and forth with respect to the fixed grate step by way of the grate step drive, and wherein the grate step module is connectable in a row with further grate step modules without a gap in order to form the thrust combustion grate.
2. The grate step module according to claim 1, wherein the grate step module has zone-air separation in the form of a zone separating plate.
3. The grate step module according to claim 2, wherein the zone separating plate is detachably mountable in a rear region of the carrier part.
4. The grate step module according to claim 1, wherein the grate step drive comprises a hydraulic cylinder on each side of the grate step module wherein the hydraulic cylinders are controlled in common.
5. The grate step module according to claim 4, wherein by way of drive levers that are arranged on both sides, a drive shaft, further drive levers and reversing levers, the hydraulic cylinders cause the back and forth displacement of the movable grate step.
6. The grate step module according to claim 1, wherein guidance of the movable grate step takes place by way of guide carriers that are connected to the movable grate step, and by way of guide rollers that are mounted to the carrier part.
7. The grate step module according to claim 1, wherein the fixed and the movable grate steps are provided with individually attachable grate step plates.
8. The grate step module according to claim 7, wherein on the side facing the material to be incinerated the grate step plate comprises weld cladding.
9. A combustion grate for the incineration of waste in a large-scale plant, comprising at least two grate step modules according to claim 1, wherein the grate step modules are connected in a row, and the grate step drives are coordinated.
Description
(1) Below, the invention is explained in detail with reference to drawings showing one exemplary embodiment. The following are shown:
(2) FIG. 1 a diagrammatic lateral view of a thrust-combustion grate in which a number of grate step modules according to the invention are aligned in a row;
(3) FIG. 2 a spatial partial view of a grate step module from the rear with the movable grate step in its advanced position;
(4) FIG. 3 a spatial partial view of the grate step module of FIG. 2 from the rear with the movable grate step in its retracted position;
(5) FIG. 4 a spatial partial view of the grate step module of FIG. 2 from the rear with a zone separating plate in place;
(6) FIG. 5 a spatial partial view of the grate step module of FIG. 4 from the front; and
(7) FIG. 6 a partial view of the grate step module according to FIGS. 2-5 from the front.
(8) FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic lateral view of a thrust-combustion grate in which a number of grate step modules (1) according to the invention are aligned in a row. The grate step module (1) has a carrier part (2), exactly one fixed grate step (3), exactly one movable grate step (4) and a grate step drive with hydraulic cylinders (5) as force-generating drive elements. By means of the grate step drive the movable grate step (4) is displaceable back and forth with respect to the fixed grate step (3). The grate step module (1) is connectable in a row with further grate step modules (1) without a gap and in this way forms the entire thrust combustion grate. As an example, the diagram shows six grate step modules (1) connected in a row, but in principle the number of connected grate step modules (1) can be selected at will.
(9) If grate step modules (1) as shown in FIG. 1 are connected in a row without a gap, the pattern arises which is typically used in combustion grates, in which pattern every second grate step is arranged so as to be stationery, while the grate steps situated in between are held so as to be mechanically movable. Furthermore, the illustration according to FIG. 1 shows the commonly used control principle for the movable grate steps 4, in which principle alternately one movable grate step 4 is in the maximum advanced position (A) while a further, following, movable grate step 4 is in the maximum retracted position (B); and in the case of more than two grate step modules 1 this occurs in turn in alternating sequence. In this manner the material to be incinerated (not shown) is gradually pushed forward, in the direction of transport (T), on the thrust combustion grate. In this process the individual movable grate steps 4 move back and forth in a translatory manner in a direction (S).
(10) In this document the term “grate step drive” refers to the group of components by means of which a movable grate step 4 is moved in a translatory manner. Some of these components are at least partly visible in FIG. 1 (for further clarification refer, in particular, to FIG. 2). The pivotally mounted hydraulic cylinder 5 acts on a drive lever 6 that causes a drive shaft 7 to rotate. On the drive shaft 7, further drive levers 8 are mounted so as to be angularly offset. Reversing levers 9 are pivoted to the further drive levers 8, which reversing levers 9 in turn are also pivoted to the movable grate step 4. In this manner the originally translatory back and forth movement of the pistons of the hydraulic cylinders 5 is converted to a rotary movement of the drive shaft 7 and is finally converted back to a translatory back and forth movement of the movable grate plates 4. This mechanism is shown particularly clearly in FIG. 1 by the movable grate steps 4 in its maximum advanced position (A).
(11) FIG. 2 shows a spatial partial view of the grate step module 1 from the rear with the movable grate step 4 in its maximum advanced position (A). A partial region of the fixed grate step 3 has been left out in the diagram so that the mechanism situated underneath it is shown more clearly.
(12) The drive shaft 7 has outer drive shaft bearings 10 and inner drive shaft bearings 11 by means of which it is held on the carrier part 2. This bearing arrangement will be discussed in more detail in the context of FIG. 5. The fixed grate step 3 is mounted to a support 12 which in turn is firmly connected to the carrier part 2. The movable grate step 4 has rearwards-projecting guide carriers 13 that are firmly connected to said movable grate step 4. Furthermore, guide rollers 14 are mounted to the carrier part 2, on which guide rollers 14 the guide carriers 13 rest, and by means of which guide rollers 14 the guide carriers 13 and thus also the movable grate plate 4 are guided in their back and forth movement.
(13) FIG. 2 also clearly shows that both the fixed grate step 3 and the movable grate step 4 are constructed from individual grate step plates 15. In this arrangement the grate step plates 15 can be individually attached to a plate carrier 16.
(14) FIG. 3 shows a spatial partial view of the grate step module of FIG. 2 from the rear with the movable grate step 4 in its maximum retracted position (3). The illustration clearly shows that in this position the guide carriers 13 project rearwards a little. However, in grate step modules 1 aligned in a row this rearward projection does not in any way impede the function of the module situated behind.
(15) FIG. 4 shows a spatial partial view of the grate step module of FIG. 2 from the rear with a zone separating plate 17 in place. The zone separating plate 17 can be designed as a single-piece continuous cover part and is preferably detachably attached to the carrier part 2 in a suitable form. It is thus possible in this manner at the desired or necessary positions to introduce zone-air separation as required between the individual grate step modules 1, aligned in a row, of a combustion grate. In this manner the quantity of supplied fresh air that in a specific combustion zone is to enter the combustion space through ventilation slits 18 in the grate step plates 15 can be controlled flexibly and in a targeted manner. For the sake of clarity the means for supplying and distributing fresh air, which means are of course also situated underneath the combustion grate, are not shown in the illustrations. However, these means, just like the means for slag removal, relate to conventional designs that do not require further explanation.
(16) FIG. 5 shows a spatial partial view of the grate step module of FIG. 4 from the front. The drive shaft 7 and attachment of it are shown particularly clearly. To this effect the carrier part 2 comprises supporting members 19, spaced apart from each other, to which the drive shaft 7 with the inner drive shaft bearings 11 is detachably attached in a manner that the drive shaft can be removed, in its entirety without the need for deinstallation of the carrier part 2, from a combustion grate frame (not shown). However, for this purpose the outer drive shaft bearings 10 (compare FIG. 2) and the hydraulic cylinders also require prior deinstallation. In this manner it is ensured that even parts of the grate step module 1 can be replaced on site.
(17) Finally, in a supplementary manner, FIG. 6 shows a partial view of the grate step module according to FIGS. 2-5 from the front. In particular, the illustration clearly shows parts of the grate step drive, for example the drive shaft 7, the further drive levers, and the inner and the outer drive shaft bearings 11, 10. In addition, the illustration shows that further measures for facilitating replacement of the drive shaft 7 are provided, for example division of the drive shaft 7 into drive shaft segments, or the ability to separate the outer drive shaft bearing 10 together with the hydraulic cylinder 5.
LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS
(18) 1 Grate step module 2 Carrier part 3 Fixed grate step 4 Movable grate step 5 Hydraulic cylinder 6 Drive lever 7 Drive shaft 8 Further drive lever 9 Reversing lever 10 Outer drive shaft bearing 11 Inner drive shaft bearing 12 Support (for fixed grate step) 13 Guide carrier 14 Guide roller 15 Grate step plate 16 Plate carrier 17 Zone separating plate 18 Ventilation slits 19 Supporting member A Maximum advanced position B Maximum retracted position T Direction of transport of the material to be incinerated S Direction of back and forth displacement
