Wind farm having a plurality of network feed-in points

Abstract

A wind farm comprises a plurality of wind turbines connected to a network internal to the wind farm, a network feed-in point in the network internal to the wind farm for feeding electrical power into a supply network, a control device associated with the network feed-in point designed to control the wind turbines feeding power into the supply network by the network feed-in point on the basis of measured values recorded at the network feed-in point, and at least one additional network feed-in point having an additional control device designed to control the wind turbines feeding power into the supply network by the additional network feed-in point on the basis of measured values recorded at the additional network feed-in point, wherein the network internal to the wind farm is designed to variably connect at least one wind turbine to one of the plurality of network feed-in points.

Claims

1. A wind farm comprising a plurality of wind turbines which are connected to a network within the wind farm, a first network feed-in point in a network within the wind farm for feeding electrical power into a supply network, a first control device associated with the first network feed-in point configured to control wind turbines of the plurality of wind turbines that feed power into the supply network via the first network feed-in point based on measured values relating to electrical power fed into the electrical supply network at the first network feed-in point recorded at the first network feed-in point and at least a second network feed-in point with a second control device configured to control wind turbines of the plurality of wind turbines that feed power into the supply network via the second network feed-in point based on measured values relating to electrical power fed into the electrical supply network at the second network feed-in point recorded at the second network feed-in point, wherein the network within the wind farm is configured to variably connect at least one wind turbine to one of the first network feed-in point and the second network feed-in point.

2. The wind farm of claim 1, wherein the first and second control devices are configured to automatically calculate the total nominal power of the wind turbines which are connected at the network feed-in points which are respectively associated with the first and second control devices.

3. The wind farm of claim 1, wherein the first and second control devices are configured to automatically calculate the total nominal power of the wind turbines which are connected at the network feed-in points which are respectively associated with the first and second control devices in response to a change in the connection of at least one wind turbine to the network feed-in points.

4. The wind farm of claim 1, wherein the first and second control devices at the individual network feed-in points are configured based on setpoint values for one or both of the reactive power and active power, to act on the controller of the wind turbines which feed into the supply network via the network feed-in point.

5. The wind farm of claim 1, wherein the first and second control devices are configured to one or both of transmit setpoint values to and receive information from the wind turbines which are connected at the network feed-in points which are respectively associated with the first and second control devices.

6. The wind farm of claim 1, wherein all of the wind turbines are connectable to one of a plurality of network feed-in points that includes the first network feed-in point and the second network feed-in point.

7. A method for operating a wind farm, wherein the wind farm has a plurality of wind turbines which are connected to a network within the wind farm and comprises at least two network feed-in points and the network within the wind farm is configured to variably connect at least one wind turbine to one of the plurality of network feed-in points, the method comprising controlling a wind turbine based on measured values relating to electrical power fed into a supply network recorded at a first network feed-in point as long as the wind turbine is feeding power into the supply network via said first network feed-in point, and controlling the wind turbine based on measured values relating to electrical power fed into the supply network recorded at a second network feed-in point as long as the wind turbine is feeding power into the supply network via said second network feed-in point.

8. The method of claim 7, comprising calculating the total nominal power of the wind turbines which feed power into the supply network via a network feed-in point.

9. The method of claim 7, comprising controlling the wind turbines based on setpoint values for one or both of the reactive power and active power at the network feed-in point to which the wind turbines are respectively connected.

10. The wind farm of claim 4, wherein one or both of the total nominal power and the total nominal reactive power of the wind turbines connected to the respective network feed-in point is taken into account by the respective first and second control devices at the individual network feed-in points.

11. The wind farm of claim 5, wherein the first and second control devices are configured to detect changes in the respective connections of the wind turbines to the network feed-in points and, consequently, to recalculate one or both of the total nominal power and the total nominal reactive power of the wind turbines.

12. The wind farm of claim 1, wherein all of the wind turbines are connectable to all network feed-in points of a plurality of network feed-in points that includes the first network feed-in point and the second network feed-in point.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein one or both of the total nominal power and the total nominal reactive power of the wind turbines which feed power into the supply network via a network feed-in point are taken into account in the controlling of the wind turbines.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1: shows a wind farm according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a wind farm 1 according to the invention. The wind farm 1 comprises a plurality of wind turbines 10 which are connected to an electrical supply network 40 via a network 20 within the wind farm. The wind turbines 10 comprise a rotor which—when set in rotation by the wind—drives a generator. The electrical power generated by the generator is fed into the network 20 within the wind farm, optionally via a converter. The electrical power then passes from the network 20 within the wind farm at a network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 into the electrical supply network 40.

(3) In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, which merely reproduces a schematic illustration of the invention, three network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 are provided at the network 20 within the wind farm. In this case, the network 20 within the wind farm is designed such that the individual wind turbines 10 can optionally be connected to one of the plurality of network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3.

(4) The wind turbines 10 of a first group of wind turbines 10.1 can in this case be individually optionally connected to one of the three network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3. For this purpose, corresponding switching elements 21.1 are provided in the network 20 within the wind farm.

(5) In the case of a second group of wind turbines, 10.2, the individual wind turbines 10 can in each case optionally be connected to two of the three available network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3. The switching elements 21.2 necessary for this can be configured in a more simple manner than those for the first group of wind turbines 10.1, that is to say switching elements 21.1. However, by using the simpler switching elements 21.2, the flexibility of the possible circuits is restricted. Thus, in the case of the second group of wind turbines 10.2, it is no longer possible to connect each of the wind turbines 10 arbitrarily to one of the three network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3.

(6) The wind turbines 10 of the third group of wind turbines 10.3 are combined via a busbar 12. Proceeding from said busbar 12, a single switching element 21.3 is provided in order to optionally connect the wind turbines 10 of the group of wind turbines 10.3 jointly to one of the three network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3.

(7) In each case, a control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 is provided at the individual network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3. In addition, measured variables relating to the electrical power fed into the electrical supply network 40 at the individual network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 in each case are recorded there, which measured variables are then further processed by the control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 which are associated with the corresponding network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3.

(8) The control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 are designed to control those wind turbines 10 which feed their electrical power into the supply network 40 via the network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 associated with the respective control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3. In this case, the wind turbines 10 can be controlled such that desired reactive and/or active power values are achieved at the respective network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 via which they feed their electrical power. Corresponding control operations of a plurality of wind turbines 10 which feed their electrical power into a supply network 40 via a common network feed-in point 30 are known. The setpoint values for the reactive and/or active power can in this case be transmitted by the operator of the supply network 40 to the control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 via a remote data transmission link (not illustrated).

(9) The control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 and the wind turbines 10 are connected to one another via a data transmission network 50. The control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 can act on the controller of the individual wind turbines 10 via said data transmission network 50. In this case, the control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 act only on those wind turbines 10 the electrical power of which passes into the electrical supply network 40 via the network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 associated with a control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3.

(10) In order that the control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 can actuate the wind turbines 10 respectively associated therewith in as optimum a manner as possible, it is necessary for the control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 to have information relating to what total nominal power and/or total nominal reactive power the wind turbines 10 associated therewith have. Only in this way is it possible to control each of the wind turbines 10 in an optimum manner so that the desired reactive and/or active power values at a network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 are reached. In order to calculate the total nominal power and/or the total nominal reactive power of all wind turbines 10 associated with a network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, said wind turbines 10 can transmit their power values via the data transmission network 50 to the control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 associated with the respective network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3. By adding the individual power values of the wind turbines 10, the control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 can then determine the total nominal power and take it into account during control.

(11) If the switching states of the switching elements 21.1, 21.2, 21.3 change—a wind turbine 10 therefore no longer feeds its power into the electrical supply network 40 via a first network feed-in point but rather via a second network feed-in point—the total nominal power and/or the total nominal reactive power at the individual network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 also changes. The control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 are designed to redetermine in such a case the change in the respective total nominal power and/or the total nominal reactive power of the network feed-in points 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 associated with said control devices. For this purpose, they receive an electronic signal from the controller device (not illustrated) which controls the switching elements 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, which electronic signal indicates the switchover of at least one of the switching elements 21.1, 21.2, 21.3. The individual control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 then recalculate the respective total nominal power and/or the total nominal reactive power in the specified manner. In this way, it is ensured that the control devices 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 always control the wind turbines 10 associated therewith on the basis of the total nominal power and/or the total nominal reactive power of the wind turbines 10 which are presently connected to the network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 associated with said control devices.

(12) When the switching states of the switching elements 21.1, 21.2, 21.3 change, it must be ensured that that network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 via which the power from one or more wind turbines is to be rerouted is configured for the total nominal power and/or total nominal reactive power arising at the time. This can be ensured by the controller device (not illustrated) controlling the switching elements 21.1, 21.2, 21.3 if said controller device has information relating to the topology of the network within the wind farm and the nominal power or nominal reactive power of the individual wind turbines. Alternatively, it is possible for the control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 to control the wind turbines 10 associated therewith such that, at the network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 of the respective control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3, only so much power is fed into the electrical supply network 40 that the maximum permissible power of a network feed-in point 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 is not exceeded.

(13) If the switching process of the switching elements 21.1, 21.2, 21.3 and the transfer of the control of one or more wind turbines 10 from a first to a second control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 does not or cannot take place immediately, provision can be made for the respective wind turbines to be operated using standard values for the corresponding time interval. In this way, it can be ensured that the wind turbines 10 can be operated in a controlled manner, even during those times in which they are not controlled (for example, during or directly after the change in the switching states of the switching elements 21.1, 21.2, 21.3) by a control device 31.1, 31.2, 31.3.