Systems and Methods for Monitoring Components
20170358073 · 2017-12-14
Inventors
Cpc classification
F05D2260/80
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F01D5/3007
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
G01B11/16
PHYSICS
F01D21/003
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F05D2270/8041
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
International classification
F01D21/00
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
Abstract
Systems and methods for monitoring components are provided. A component has an exterior surface. A method includes performing a first analysis of a first image of a surface feature configured on the exterior surface of the component, the first image obtained by an imaging device. The method further includes adjusting a viewing parameter of the imaging device when a predetermined first analysis threshold for the first image is unsatisfied, and performing a subsequent first analysis of a second image of the surface feature, the second image obtained by the imaging device. The method further includes adjusting a distance between the imaging device and the surface feature when the predetermined first analysis threshold for the second image is unsatisfied, and performing a second analysis of a third image, the third image obtained by the imaging device.
Claims
1. A method for monitoring a component, the component having an exterior surface, the method comprising: performing a first analysis of a first image of a surface feature configured on the exterior surface of the component, the first image obtained by an imaging device; adjusting a viewing parameter of the imaging device when a predetermined first analysis threshold for the first image is unsatisfied; performing a subsequent first analysis of a second image of the surface feature, the second image obtained by the imaging device; adjusting a distance between the imaging device and the surface feature when the predetermined first analysis threshold for the second image is unsatisfied; and performing a second analysis of a third image of the surface feature, the third image obtained by the imaging device, wherein the surface feature is a passive strain indicator.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first analysis is different from the second analysis.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first analysis is a binary pixel analysis.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the predetermined first analysis threshold is a first width threshold for an edge of the surface feature.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second analysis is a greyscale pixel analysis.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second analysis is a 256 bit-per-pixel greyscale analysis.
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising adjusting a viewing parameter of the imaging device when a predetermined second analysis threshold for the third image is unsatisfied.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the predetermined second analysis threshold is a second width threshold for an edge of the surface feature.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the viewing parameter is performed automatically when the predetermined first analysis threshold for the second image is unsatisfied, and wherein the step of adjusting the distance is performed automatically when the predetermined first analysis threshold for the second image is unsatisfied.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the component is a turbine component.
11. A system for monitoring a component, the component having an exterior surface, the system comprising: an imaging device for obtaining images of a surface feature configured on the exterior surface of the component; and a processor in operable communication with the imaging device, the processor configured for: performing a first analysis of a first image of the surface feature, the first image obtained by the imaging device; adjusting a viewing parameter of the imaging device when a predetermined first analysis threshold for the first image is unsatisfied; performing a subsequent first analysis of a second image of the surface feature, the second image obtained by the imaging device; adjusting a distance between the imaging device and the surface feature when the predetermined first analysis threshold for the second image is unsatisfied; and performing a second analysis of a third image of the surface feature, the third image obtained by the imaging device, wherein the surface feature is a passive strain indicator.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first analysis is different from the second analysis.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the first analysis is a binary pixel analysis.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the predetermined first analysis threshold is a first width threshold for an edge of the surface feature.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein the second analysis is a greyscale pixel analysis.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the second analysis is a 256 bit-per-pixel greyscale analysis.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured for adjusting a viewing parameter of the imaging device when a predetermined second analysis threshold for the third image is unsatisfied.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the predetermined second analysis threshold is a second width threshold for an edge of the surface feature.
19. The system of claim 11, wherein the step of adjusting the viewing parameter is performed automatically when the predetermined first analysis threshold for the second image is unsatisfied, and wherein the step of adjusting the distance is performed automatically when the predetermined first analysis threshold for the second image is unsatisfied.
20. The system of claim 11, wherein the component is a turbine component.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
[0015]
[0016]
[0017]
[0018]
[0019]
[0020]
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0022] Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0023] Referring now to
[0024] The component 10 has an exterior surface 11 on or beneath which passive strain indicators 40 may be configured. Passive strain indicators 40 in accordance with the present disclosure may be configured on the exterior surface 11 using any suitable techniques, including deposition techniques; other suitable additive manufacturing techniques; subtractive techniques such as laser ablation, engraving, machining, etc.; appearance-change techniques such as annealing, direct surface discoloration, or techniques to cause local changes in reflectivity; mounting of previously formed passive strain indicators 40 using suitable mounting apparatus or techniques such as adhering, welding, brazing, etc.; or identifying pre-existing characteristics of the exterior surface 11 that can function as the components of a passive strain indicator 40. Additionally, in further alternative embodiments, passive strain indicators 40 can be configured beneath exterior surface 11 using suitable embedding techniques during or after manufacturing of the component 10.
[0025] Referring now to
[0026] The passive strain indicator 40 may comprise a variety of different configurations and cross-sections such as by incorporating a variety of differently shaped, sized, and positioned reference points 41 and 42. For example, as illustrated in
[0027] Furthermore, the values of various dimensions of the passive strain indicator 40 may depend on, for example, the component 10, the location of the passive strain indicator 40, the targeted precision of the measurement, application technique, and optical measurement technique. For example, in some embodiments, the passive strain indicator 40 may comprise a length and width ranging from less than 1 millimeter to greater than 300 millimeters. Moreover, the passive strain indicator 40 may comprise any thickness that is suitable for application and subsequent optical identification without significantly impacting the performance of the underlying component 10. Notably, this thickness may be a positive thickness away from the surface 11 (such as when additive techniques are utilized) or a negative thickness into the surface 11 (such as when subtractive techniques are utilized). For example, in some embodiments, the passive strain indicator 40 may comprise a thickness of less than from about 0.01 millimeters to greater than 1 millimeter. In some embodiments, the passive strain indicator 40 may have a substantially uniform thickness. Such embodiments may help facilitate more accurate measurements for subsequent strain calculations between the first and second reference points 41 and 42.
[0028] In some embodiments, the passive strain indicator 40 may comprise a positively applied square or rectangle wherein the first and second reference points 41 and 42 comprise two opposing sides of said square or rectangle. In other embodiments, the passive strain indicator 40 may comprise at least two applied reference points 41 and 42 separated by a negative space 45 (i.e., an area in which the passive strain indicator material is not applied). The negative space 45 may comprise, for example, an exposed portion of the exterior surface 11 of the component 10. Alternatively or additionally, the negative space 45 may comprise a subsequently applied visually contrasting material that is distinct from the material of the at least two reference points 41 and 42 (or vice versa).
[0029] As illustrated in
[0030] The passive strain indicator 40 may thereby be configured in one or more of a variety of locations of various components 10. For example, as discussed above, the passive strain indicator 40 may be configured on a blade, vane, nozzle, shroud, rotor, transition piece or casing. In such embodiments, the passive strain indicator 40 may be configured in one or more locations known to experience various forces during unit operation such as on or proximate airfoils, platforms, tips or any other suitable location. Moreover, the passive strain indicator 40 may be configured in one or more locations known to experience elevated temperatures. For example, the passive strain indicator 40 may be configured on a hot gas path or combustion component 10.
[0031] As discussed herein and as shown in
[0032] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to passive strain indicators 40 as illustrated herein. Rather, any suitable surface feature 30 configured on a component 10, such as on the exterior surface 11 thereof, is within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Examples of other suitable surface features 30 include cooling holes defined in the exterior surface, coating layers applied to the exterior surface 11 (wherein the exterior surface 11 is defined as that of a base component of the component 10), etc.
[0033] A coordinate system is additionally illustrated in
[0034] Referring now to
[0035] Imaging device 102 may include a lens assembly 110 and an image capture device 112, and may further include an illumination device, i.e. a light. Lens assembly 110 may generally magnify images viewed by the lens assembly 110 for processing by the image capture device 112. Lens assembly 110 in some embodiments may, for example, be a suitable camera lens, telescope lens, etc., and may include one or more lens spaced apart to provide the required magnification. Image capture device 112 may generally be in communication with the lens assembly 110 for receiving and processing light from the lens assembly 110 to generate images. In exemplary embodiments, for example, image capture device 112 may be a camera sensor which receives and processes light from a camera lens to generate images, such as digital images, as is generally understood. Imaging device 102 may further include a variety of settings, or viewing parameters, which may be applied and modified during operation thereof. The viewing parameters may affect the quality of the images obtained by the imaging device 102. In some embodiments, the viewing parameters may be setting that can be applied at various levels to the lens assembly 100 by the image capture device 112 or applied during processing of received light to obtain images by the image capture device 112. Viewing parameters may include, for example, aperture size, shutter speed, ISO setting, brightness setting, contrast setting, illumination level, etc. Each viewing parameter may be adjusted as required (and as discussed herein) to adjust the quality of an obtained image.
[0036] Image capture device 112 (and device 102 generally) may further be in communication with processor 104, via for example a suitable wired or wireless connection, for storing and analyzing the images from the image capture device 112 and device 102 generally. Notably, in exemplary embodiments processor 104 operates imaging devices 102 to perform various disclosed steps.
[0037] As discussed, system 100 may further include a processor 104. In general, as used herein, the term “processor” refers not only to integrated circuits referred to in the art as being included in a computer, but also refers to a controller, a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an application specific integrated circuit, and other programmable circuits. Processor 104 may also include various input/output channels for receiving inputs from and sending control signals to various other components with which the processor 104 is in communication, such as the imaging device 102, a robotic arm (discussed herein), etc. Processor 104 may generally perform various steps as discussed herein. Further, it should be understood that a processor 104 in accordance with the present disclosure may be a single master processor 104 in communication with the other various components of system 100, and/or may include a plurality of individual component processors, i.e. an imaging device processor, a data acquisition device processor, a robotic arm processor, etc. The various individual component processors may be in communication with each other and may further be in communication with a master processor, and these components may collectively be referred to as processor 104. Further, it should be noted that image capture device 112 may be a sub-component of processor 104, or may be a separate component from processor 104 which is in communication with processor 104.
[0038] As further illustrated in
[0039] In alternative embodiments, system 100 may include other suitable devices for supporting and facilitating movement of other components system 100, such as the imaging device 102 and/or the processor 104. Such devices may, for example, be in communication with processor 104. For example, system 100 may include a boroscope, mobile robot (such as a snake robot), gantry system, or other suitable device. Some such devices may facilitate performance of various steps as discussed herein when the component 10 is in situ in an associated assembly, such as a turbomachine (i.e. a gas turbine 10). Alternatively, component 10 may be removed from the assembly when such steps are performed.
[0040] Referring now to
[0041] Method 200 may include, for example, the step 210 of performing a first analysis of a first image 212′ of a surface feature 30. The first image 212′ may be obtained by the imaging device 102, as discussed herein.
[0042] As illustrated in
[0043] In accordance with another embodiment, the first analysis is a color scale or greyscale analysis on the bits-per-pixel of the image 212, i.e. 128, 256, etc. For example, in some embodiments, the first analysis is a 256 bit-per-pixel greyscale analysis. This analysis differentiates a reference object from a background on the basis of differences in color depth. Such analysis may be performed on each individual pixel 218 of an image 212, or on sub-sections of individual pixels. For example, pixels 218 may be divided into 100 sub-sections, 1000 sub-sections, 10,000 sub-sections, or any other suitable number of subsections, and the analysis may be performed on each individual sub-section. As discussed, a color scale or greyscale analysis is performed on the bits-per-pixel of the image i.e. 128, 256, etc. Accordingly, each pixel 218 or sub-section thereof is categorized as having a particular color depth per the 128, 256, etc. color depth scale.
[0044] As illustrated in
[0045] Such analyses generally allow for the sharpness of the image 212 to be analyzed by, for example, analyzing the width in pixels 218 or sub-sections thereof of the surface feature 30 or various portions thereof. For example, it is generally desirable for the measured width 216, 217 to be low, thus indicating the relative sharpness of the image 212, and thus the quality of the image 212 for, for example, post-processing purposes.
[0046] Method 200 may further include, for example, the step 220 of adjusting one or more viewing parameters, as discussed herein, of the imaging device 102. Step 220 may occur, for example, when a predetermined first analysis threshold for the first image 212′ is unsatisfied, thus indicating that the quality of the image 212 is below a predetermined quality threshold. For example, the predetermined first analysis threshold may be a first width threshold for the surface feature 30 or a component thereof, such as edge 214, of which a width 216 was measured. The first analysis threshold in these embodiments may be satisfied when the width 216 is below the first width threshold, and unsatisfied when the width 216 is above the first width threshold. Alternatively, the predetermined first analysis threshold may be a second width threshold for the surface feature 30 or a component thereof, such as edge 214, of which a width 217 was measured. The first analysis threshold in these embodiments may be satisfied when the width 217 is below the second width threshold, and unsatisfied when the width 217 is above the second width threshold. Adjustment of one or more viewing parameters may be performed when the predetermined first analysis threshold for the image 212 is unsatisfied, in an effort to obtain suitable levels for the viewing parameter(s) that result in images 212 of sufficient quality, as discussed herein.
[0047] In some embodiments, steps 210 and 220 may be repeated as desired to evaluate the quality of images 212 obtained by the imaging device 102. In some embodiments, the predetermined first analysis threshold for an image 212 may be satisfied. Post-processing may then, in some embodiments, occur using that image 212 and subsequent images with no further adjustment of the imaging device 102. Alternatively, after a certain (in some embodiments predetermined) number of iterations of steps 210 and 220, additional evaluation and adjustment may occur.
[0048] For example, method 200 may further include, for example, the step 230 of performing a subsequent first analysis (as discussed herein) of a second image 212″ of the surface feature 30. The second image 212″ image may, for example, be obtained by the imaging device 202 as discussed herein. Method 200 may further include, for example, the step 240 of adjusting a distance 242 (for example along the Z-axis 54) (see, e.g.,
[0049] Further, method 200 may include, for example, the step 250 of performing a second analysis of a third image 212′″. The third image 212′″ may, for example, be obtained by the imaging device 102, and may be obtained after step 240 (and/or 220). In exemplary embodiments, the first and second analyses may be different. Alternatively, the first and second analyses may be the same. In some embodiments, the second analysis may be a binary pixel analysis, as discussed herein, while in alternative embodiments, the second analysis may be a color scale or grey scale analysis, as discussed herein.
[0050] Method 200 may further include, for example, the step 260 of adjusting a viewing parameter of the imaging device 102, as discussed herein. Such step may occur, for example, when a predetermined second analysis threshold for the first image 212′″ is unsatisfied, thus indicating that the quality of the image 212 is below a predetermined quality threshold. For example, the predetermined second analysis threshold may be a first width threshold for the surface feature 30 or a component thereof, such as edge 214, of which a width 216 was measured. The second analysis threshold in these embodiments may be satisfied when the width 216 is below the first width threshold, and unsatisfied when the width 216 is above the first width threshold. Alternatively, the predetermined second analysis threshold may be a second width threshold for the surface feature 30 or a component thereof, such as edge 214, of which a width 217 was measured. The second analysis threshold in these embodiments may be satisfied when the width 217 is below the second width threshold, and unsatisfied when the width 217 is above the second width threshold. Adjustment of one or more viewing parameters may be performed when the predetermined second analysis threshold for the image 212 is unsatisfied, in an effort to obtain suitable levels for the viewing parameter(s) that result in images 212 of sufficient quality, as discussed herein.
[0051] Notably, in some embodiments, the predetermined first analysis threshold and the predetermined second analysis threshold may be different. Alternatively, the predetermined first analysis threshold and the predetermined second analysis threshold may be same.
[0052] Additional adjustments of the viewing parameters and/or the distance 242 may be performed as necessarily in accordance with the present disclosure, such as until one of both of the predetermined first and second analysis thresholds are satisfied. When satisfied, the images 212 are deemed to be of sufficient quality for post-processing, as discussed herein. Notably, in exemplary embodiments, various steps 210, 220, 230, 240, 250 and/or 260 as discussed herein may be performed automatically. Accordingly, no user input may be required (i.e. between steps) for such steps to be performed. For example, processor 104 may perform such steps automatically in order to obtain images 212 of sufficient quality for post processing.
[0053] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.