Detoxification method for obtaining a zinc containing pigment compound with no ecotoxicity
09840623 · 2017-12-12
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
C09D11/03
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
International classification
C04B14/00
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C09C1/00
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C09D11/03
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Abstract
A detoxification method for obtaining a pigment compound free from acute and chronic aquatic ecotoxicity by mixing at least one zinc-based component with good anti-corrosive properties but high toxicity-with a phosphate or hydrogen phosphate of a magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, aluminum, ammonium, or organic type or any other compound based on such cations, such as carbonates, oxides, silicates, phosphites, pyrophosphates or phosphonates, said phosphates or hydrogen carbonates or carbonates or oxides or silicates or phosphites or pyrophosphates freed from toxicity enabling a very considerable reduction of the toxic power of said zinc-based component, while maintaining the good anti-corrosive properties thereof.
Claims
1. A detoxification method for obtaining a pigment compound free from acute and chronic aquatic ecotoxicity, the method consisting of mixing at least one zinc-based component with good anti-corrosive properties but high toxicity, selected from the group consisting of: zinc metal powder, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, zinc phosphate, zinc borate, zinc stearate, zinc laurate, zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxycarbonate, zinc polyphosphate, zinc phosphite, zinc pyrophosphate, zinc phosphonate, zinc silicate, and zinc ferrite, wherein the pigment compound includes a ratio of approximately 90%/10% weight of the zinc-based component to MgHPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2O or Mg.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.5H.sub.2O and wherein the mixing is carried out with zinc phosphate Zn.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.0 to 4H.sub.2O and zinc oxide, and magnesium phosphate MgHPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2O, the weight ratio between the zinc-based components and the magnesium phosphate being nonzero and less than 99.5%.
2. The detoxification method according to claim 1, wherein said pigment component free from toxicity has an algae inhibition rate of less than 50% according to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) protocol 201, a daphnia immobilization rate of less than 50% according to OECD protocol 202, a fish mortality rate of less than 50% according to OECD protocol 203, which results in a median lethal concentration LC50s and a half maximal effective concentration EC50s of greater than 100 mg/l, an No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) of strictly greater than 1 mg/l on daphnia reproduction according to OECD protocol 211.
3. A detoxification method for obtaining a pigment compound free from acute and chronic aquatic ecotoxicity, the method consisting essentially of mixing at least one zinc-based component with good anti-corrosive properties but high toxicity, selected from the group consisting of: zinc metal powder, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, zinc phosphate, zinc borate, zinc stearate, zinc laurate, zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxycarbonate, zinc polyphosphate, zinc phosphite, zinc pyrophosphate, zinc phosphonate, zinc silicate, and zinc ferrite, wherein the pigment compound includes a ratio of approximately 90%/10% weight of the zinc-based component to MgHPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2O or Mg.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.5H.sub.2O, wherein the mixing is carried out with zinc oxide, zinc phosphate Zn.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.0 to 4H.sub.2O and magnesium phosphate MgHPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2O, the weight ratio between the zinc-based component and the magnesium phosphate being non-zero and less than 99.5% and, wherein the weight ratio between the zinc phosphate and the magnesium phosphate is approximately 90%/10%, and the weight ratio between the zinc phosphate, the magnesium phosphate and the zinc oxide is approximately 80%/10%/10%.
4. A detoxification method for obtaining a pigment compound free from acute and chronic aquatic ecotoxicity, the method consisting of mixing at least one zinc-based component with good anti-corrosive properties but high toxicity, selected from the group consisting of: zinc metal powder, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, zinc phosphate, zinc borate, zinc stearate, zinc laurate, zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxy carbonate, zinc polyphosphate, zinc phosphite, zinc pyrophosphate, zinc phosphonate, zinc silicate, and zinc ferrite, wherein the pigment compound includes a ratio of approximately 90%/10% weight of the zinc-based component to MgHPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2O or Mg.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.5H.sub.2O and wherein the mixing is carried out with zinc phosphate Zn.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.0 to 4H.sub.2O and zinc oxide, and magnesium phosphate MgHPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2O, the weight ratio between the zinc-based components and the magnesium phosphate being nonzero and less than 99.5%, wherein the pigment compound is mixed as a powder via a physical or chemical process, the chemical process being selected from the group consisting of a sequential precipitation, a sequential crystallization, a coprecipitation, and a cocrystallization, the physical process being selected from the group consisting of grinding, kneading, dispersion, extrusion, forming a slurry, and granulation.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) The invention will be understood more clearly and other advantages will become apparent on reading the description which follows and which is given without implied limitation, and by virtue of the appended figures among which:
(2)
(3)
(4) The rest of the description is more particularly presented in the context of magnesium monohydrogen phosphate, which is very suitable because it has very good compatibility with zinc phosphate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(5) Example of an Anti-Corrosion Compound Based on Zinc Phosphate, on Zinc Oxide and on Magnesium Phosphate
(6) The following compound was tested: PZATB: 80% PZ/10% PAT30/10% ZnO with PZ: Zn.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.0 to 4H.sub.2O and PAT30: MgHPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2O
(7) 1) Ecotoxicity Tests on the Anti-Corrosion Compounds based on Zinc Phosphate, on Zinc Oxide and on Magnesium Phosphate
(8) There are two possible routes for determining the “dangerous for the environment” labeling of preparations: a first route governs the determination according to the substance mixture rule, i.e. according to the composition of the product. By this route, any product containing zinc is consequently dangerous for the environment; a second route governs the determination according to the ecotoxicity tests in accordance with OECD protocols 201, 202 and 203 for acute ecotoxicity on the preparation containing dangerous materials, this second possible route prevailing over the first route as defined in regulations 1999/45/EC and 1272/2008/EC reiterating the criteria for classification of a tested preparation or mixture containing at least one dangerous material.
(9) According to the second route, the tests are carried out on the following three species: algae, daphnia and fish.
(10) From a regulatory point of view, the applicant followed amended annex 5 of directive 67/548/EEC, directive 99/45/EEC relating to modified preparations, and the GHS report prepared in 2003—part 3, paragraph 3.10.3 relating to the criteria for the classification of mixtures, and tests were carried out according to the OECD guidelines 201 adopted on Mar. 23, 2006, 202 adopted on Apr. 13, 2004, and 203 adopted on Jul. 17, 1992.
(11) The conventional labeling of a compound is subsequently carried out in relation to the poorest result of the three acute tests and makes it possible to provide the results recapitulated in table 2, in which the labelings possibly imposed are defined according to a concentration C, a test duration expressed in hours and a rate of 50 percent of species succumbing at the end of the number of hours identified.
(12) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Labeling and risk phrases according to the results obtained in the ecotoxicity tests according to 1999/45/EC Concen- Tests tration C Labeling Risk phrase 96H LC50 (fish) ≦1 mg/l R50/53 48H EC50 (daphnia) Very toxic to aquatic 72H LC50 (algae) organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 96H LC50 (fish) between R51/53 48H EC50 (daphnia) 1 and Toxic to aquatic organisms, 72H LC50 (algae) 10 mg/l may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 96H LC50 (fish) between None R52/53 48H EC50 (daphnia) 10 and Harmful to aquatic 72H LC50 (algae) 100 mg/l organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 96H LC50 (fish) >100 mg/l None R53 or no risk phrase 48H EC50 (daphnia) according to the chronic 72H LC50 (algae) ecotoxicity
(13) The globally harmonized labeling system GHS, in its latest revision of 2009, reiterates and confirms the maximum limits of 1 (category 1) 10 (category 2 [1 to 10 mg/l]) and 100 mg/l (category 3 [10 to 100 mg/l]) as criteria for classification of acute aquatic toxicity of categories 1 to 3. Above 100 mg/l for acute toxicity, the substance or the preparation is not classified for its toxicity.
(14) In addition, the GHS also specifies that, when the chronic toxicity exhibits a no observed effect concentration of greater than 1 mg/l, then this substance or this mixture is not subject to classification for its chronic nature.
(15) The tests were carried out at the CIT, Centre International de Toxicologie [International Center for Toxicology] in Evreux (France).
(16) The preparation was produced by physical mixing.
(17) The term GLP denotes tests carried out according to Good Laboratory Practice.
(18) The following terms are used: the reference LC50 denotes: the lethal concentration by ingestion for 50% of the population; the reference EC50 denotes: the lethal concentration by inhalation for 50% of the population.
(19) 1.1. Acute ecotoxicity on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae
(20) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Results of acute ecotoxicity on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae GLP/non GLP Inhibition LC50 Preparation test algae (%) (mg/l) PZATB Non GLP 36.2 >100
(21) Table 3 shows that the inhibition of the algae is less than 50%. The preparation is not therefore ecotoxic to the algae owing to an acute ecotoxicity LC50>100 mg/l according to OECD protocol 201.
(22) 1.2. Acute ecotoxicity on Daphnia magna crustaceans
(23) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Results of acute ecotoxicity on Daphnia magna crustaceans GLP/non GLP Immobilization EC50 Preparation test daphnia (%) (mg/l) PZATB Non GLP 0 >100
(24) Table 4 shows that no daphnia is immobilized. The preparation is not therefore ecotoxic to crustaceans owing to an acute ecotoxicity EC50 >100 mg/l according to OECD protocol 202.
(25) 1.3. Acute ecotoxicity on Oncorhynchus mykiss fish
(26) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Results of acute ecotoxicity on Oncorhynchus mykiss fish Number Trout GLP/non GLP of mortality LC50 Preparation test trout (%) (mg/l) PZATB Non GLP 10 0 >100
(27) Table 5 shows that no trout died. The preparation does not exhibit any toxicity to the fish owing to an acute ecotoxicity LC50 >100 mg/l according to OECD protocol 203.
(28) It thus emerges from these test that PZATB does not exhibit any acute toxicity.
(29) Example of Anti-Corrosion Compounds Based on Zinc Phosphate and on Magnesium Phosphate
(30) Various compounds were produced and tested with weight ratios between zinc phosphate and magnesium monohydrogen phosphate ranging from 99%/1%) to 4.3%/95.7%, and identified as follows:
(31) PZAT 99:PZ 99%/PAT30 1%
(32) PZAT 95:PZ 95%/PAT30 5%
(33) PZAT 90:PZ 90%/PAT30 10%
(34) PZAT 80:PZ 80%/PAT30 20%
(35) PZAT 70:PZ 70%/PAT30 30%
(36) PZAT 60:PZ 60%/PAT30 40%
(37) PZAT 50:PZ 50%/PAT30 50%
(38) PZAT 40:PZ 40%/PAT30 60%
(39) PZAT 04:PZ 4.3%/PAT30 95.7%
(40) with PZ:Zn.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2,0 to 4H.sub.2O and
(41) PAT30:Mg HPO.sub.4,3H.sub.2O
(42) 2) Acute Ecotoxicity Tests on the Anti-Corrosion Compounds based on Zinc Phosphate and on Magnesium Phosphate
(43) Tests were carried out at the CIT, Centre International de Toxicologie [International Center for Toxicology] in Evreux (France).
(44) The preparations were produced by physical mixing.
(45) The term GLP denotes tests carried out according to Good Laboratory Practice.
(46) The following terms are used: the reference LC50 denotes: the lethal concentration by ingestion for 50% of the population; the reference EC50 denotes: the lethal concentration by inhalation for 50% of the population.
(47) 2.1. Acute Ecotoxicity on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae
(48) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Results of acute ecotoxicity on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae GLP/non GLP Inhibition LC50 Preparation test algae (%) (mg/l) PZ 99%/PAT30 1% GLP 16.29 >100 PZ 95%/PAT30 5% GLP 6.76 >100 PZ 90%/PAT30 10% GLP 11.67 >100 PZ 80%/PAT30 20% Non GLP 23.58 >100 PZ 70%/PAT30 30% Non GLP 19.16 >100 PZ 60%/PAT30 40% Non GLP 17.5 >100 PZ 50%/PAT30 50% Non GLP 13.72 >100 PZ 40%/PAT30 60% Non GLP 6.58 >100 PZ 4.3%/PAT30 95.7% GLP 12.24 >100
(49) Table 6 shows that the inhibition of the algae is less than 50%. The preparation is not therefore ecotoxic to the algae owing to an acute ecotoxicity LC50>100 mg/l according to OECD protocol 201.
(50) 2.2. Acute Ecotoxicity on Daphnia magna crustaceans
(51) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Results of acute ecotoxicity on Daphnia magna crustaceans GLP/non GLP Immobilization EC50 Preparation test daphnia (%) (mg/l) PZ 99%/PAT30 1% GLP 0 >100 PZ 95%/PAT30 5% GLP 0 >100 PZ 90%/PAT30 10% GLP 0 >100 PZ 80%/PAT30 20% Non GLP 0 >100 PZ 70%/PAT30 30% Non GLP 0 >100 PZ 60%/PAT30 40% Non GLP 0 >100 PZ 50%/PAT30 50% Non GLP 0 >100 PZ 40%/PAT30 60% Non GLP 0 >100 PZ 4.3%/PAT30 95.7% GLP 0 >100
(52) Table 7 shows that no daphnia is immobilized. The preparation is not therefore ecotoxic to crustaceans owing to an acute ecotoxicity EC50 >100 mg/l according to OECD protocol 202.
(53) 2.3. Acute Ecotoxicity on Oncorhynchus mykiss fish
(54) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Results of acute ecotoxicity on Oncorhynchus mykiss fish Number Trout GLP/non GLP of mortality LC50 Preparation test trout (%) (mg/l) PZ 99%/PAT30 1% GLP 10 0 >100 PZ 95%/PAT30 5% GLP 10 0 >100 PZ 90%/PAT30 10% GLP 10 0 >100 PZ 80%/PAT30 20% Non GLP 10 0 >100 PZ 70%/PAT30 30% Non GLP 10 0 >100 PZ 60%/PAT30 40% Non GLP 10 0 >100 PZ 50%/PAT30 50% Non GLP 10 0 >100 PZ 40%/PAT30 60% Non GLP 10 0 >100 PZ 4.3%/PAT30 95.7% GLP 10 0 >100
(55) Table 8 shows that no trout died. The preparation does not exhibit any toxicity to the fish owing to an acute ecotoxicity LC50>100 mg/l according to OECD protocol 203.
(56) Various compounds were produced and tested with weight ratios between zinc phosphate and magnesium monohydrogen phosphate ranging from 99%/1% to 25%/75%, and identified as follows:
(57) PZAT 99:PZ 99%/PAT30 1%
(58) PZAT 92:PZ 92%/PAT30 8%
(59) PZAT 25:PZ 75%/PAT30 25%
(60) with PZ:Zn.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.0 to 4H.sub.2O and
(61) PAT30:MgHPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2O
(62) 3) Chronic Ecotoxicity Tests on the Anti-Corrosion Compounds based on Zinc Phosphate and on Magnesium Phosphate
(63) There are two possible routes for determining the “dangerous for the environment in the long term” labeling of preparations: a first route governs the determination according to the substance mixture rule, i.e. according to the composition of the product. Via this route, any product containing more than 25% of an R53 product (1999/45/EC) consequently exhibits a chronic ecotoxicity; a second route governs the determination according to ecotoxicity tests on the most sensitive species, which, in the case of zinc salts, is daphnia, in accordance with OECD protocol 211 relating to preparations containing dangerous materials, this possible second route prevailing over the first.
(64) From a regulatory point of view, the applicant followed amended annex 5 of directive 67/548/EEC, directive 99/45/EEC relating to modified preparations in table 9, regulation 1272/2008 EC resulting from the recommendations of the UNO report of the GHS prepared in 2003 modified—part 3, paragraph 3.10.3 in table 10 relating to the criteria for the classification of mixtures, and tests were carried out according to the OECD guidelines 211 adopted on Oct. 3, 2008.
(65) The term “NOEC” denotes the No Observed Effect Concentration.
(66) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Chronic ecotoxicity labeling and risk phrases according to the GHS Labeling and risk phrases according Tests to the GHS If NOEC < or = 1 mg/l May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment If NOEC > 1 mg/l No labeling No risk phrase
(67) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Chronic ecotoxicity labeling and risk phrases according to regulation 1999/45/EC for preparations or mixtures Labeling and risk phrases according Content to current regulations If the content of R53 R53 substance >25% (in the May cause long-term adverse effects absence of R50 or 51 or 52) in the aquatic environment If the content of R53 No labeling substance <25% (in the No risk phrase absence of R50 or 51 or 52)
(68) Tests were carried out at the CIT, Centre International de Toxicologie [International Center for Toxicology] in Evreux (France).
(69) The preparations were produced by physical mixing.
(70) The tests were carried out under GLP. The term GLP denotes tests carried out according to Good Laboratory Practice.
(71) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Results of the chronic ecotoxicity tests Preparation Mortality Growth Reproduction NOEC PZAT99 No effect No effect No effect > or = 1.5 mg/l PZAT92 No effect No effect No effect > or = 1.5 mg/l PZAT25 No effect No effect No effect > or = 1.5 mg/l
(72) Table 11 shows that the preparations do not exhibit chronic ecotoxicity owing to an NOEC>1 mg/l according to OECD protocol 211.
(73) None of the preparations containing zinc phosphate and magnesium phosphate have any dangerous for the environment labeling (no acute or chronic toxicity).
(74) Since preparations containing 0 to 25% of zinc phosphate do not exhibit any chronic ecotoxicity according to the substance mixture rule, it was demonstrated that any compound containing from 0 to 99% of zinc phosphate as a mixture with magnesium phosphate is consequently exempt from dangerous for the environment labeling.
(75) It thus emerges from these analyses that none of these preparations mentioned above in points 2 and 3 are dangerous for the environment, in terms of both acute and chronic characteristics.
(76) The corresponding compounds listed above were evaluated in terms of toxicity and, by way of industrial illustration, are also evaluated in terms of anti-corrosion performance levels.
(77) For this, conventional anti-corrosion adhesion primers of solvent-phase epoxy system type, incorporating the various pigment compounds, were prepared without there being any notable losses of performance levels compared with PZ.
(78) Indeed, in the context of the problem of anti-corrosion coating, it is sought to develop anti-corrosion adhesion primers corresponding to the first coat intended to coat a metal surface, itself intended to support in a conventional manner a second coat of paint generally carrying the color of said coating and frequently called topcoat.
(79) 4) Anti-Corrosion Tests in Paint
(80) Thus, the applicant carried out tests in paint proving the good anti-corrosion performance levels in paint of the compounds. These tests were carried out with solvent-phase epoxy primers.
(81) Illustration 1: Tests of the Preparation in a Solvent-Phase Vinyl Alkyd Primer
(82) The formula of table 12 was prepared.
(83) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Formula of a solvent-phase vinyl alkyd primer % STARTING MATERIALS WEIGHT DESCRIPTION SUPPLIERS SETAL 199-SS-55 25.5 Medium oil alkyd NUPLEX ACETONE 5.00 solvent SHELL NUODEX 10% Ca 0.50 Dispersant ELEMENTIS Specialities BENTONE SD2 0.30 Rheological additive NL Chemicals SOLVESSO 100 7.5 Aromatic solvent EXXON CHEMICAL ZINC PHOSPHATE PZ20 8.00 Corrosion inhibitor SNCZ TALC 10 M2 4.00 filler RIO TINTO Minerals MICA MU M 2/1 9.00 filler CMMP MICRONOX 11.00 Micronized natural iron KEYSER AND MACKAY oxide THIXATROL ST 0.30 Thixotropic additive NL Chemicals grinding for 40 minutes until Hegman fineness of 6 is obtained LAROFLEX MP35/S100 at 21.10 Vinyl chloride copolymer BASF 28.5% SOLVESSO 100 2.93 Aromatic solvent EXXON CHEMICAL ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 1.20 solvent SHELL CERECLOR 42 0.60 Chloroparaffin, plasticizer INEOS NUODEX 8% Co 0.05 siccative ELEMENTIS Specialities NUODEX 10% Zr 0.12 siccative ELEMENTIS Specialities DUOMEEN TDO 0.30 Cationic surfactant AKZO Chemie MEKO 0.50 Methyl ethyl ketoxime, anti-skinning agent % PVC 30.21 (pigment volume concentration) Dry extract, % by weight 60.49 Dry extract, % by volume 41.62 Pigment/binder ratio 0.43 (by volume)
(84) Comparison of the Compounds PZ, PZATB, and PZAT90 in Alkyd Primer
(85) PZ, the preparation PZ 80%/PAT30 10%/ZnO 10%, and the preparation PZ 90%/PAT30 10% were compared. PZATB and PZAT90 were prepared by physical mixing.
(86) A metal surface was given a coat of anti-corrosion primer incorporating the pigment compounds in an alkyd resin, having a thickness of 40 μm. This coat is covered with a film of an alkyd coat having a thickness of 25 μm, also commonly called topcoat.
(87) The whole is exposed to a salt fog (standard ASTM B117) for 300 hours.
(88)
(89) A rating made it possible to evaluate the degree of rusting and the degree of blistering.
(90) For the degree of rusting, standard NF ISO 4628-3 T30-140-3 was used.
(91) Ri0: no rusting, 0% rusted surface area
(92) Ri1: very little rusting, 0.5% rusted surface area
(93) Ri5: highly rusted, 40 to 50% rusted surface area
(94) For the degree of blistering, standards NF ISO 4628-1 T30-140-2 and NF ISO 4628-3 T30-140-2 were used.
(95) DOS0: no detectable defect of size invisible at 10× magnification
(96) D2S2: small amount of small blisters
(97) D5S5: large amount of large blisters.
(98) The “scribe rating” and the “global rating” are produced according to standard ASTM D 1654 January 2005—“Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments”—tables 1 and 2 respectively, page 3.
(99) Rating at Scribe: 10 represents 0 mm at scribe 0 represents 16 mm and more at scribe
(100) Global Rating: 10 represents 0% degradation 0 represents more than 75% degradation.
(101) The rating in table 13 is produced according to the standards described above.
(102) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Rating of the solvent-phase vinyl alkyd primer Degree of Degree of rusting blistering NF-ISO NF-ISO Scribe Full plate 4828-3 4828-3 corrosion global rating T 30140-3 T 30140-3 ASTM 1654 ASTM 1654 PZ RI1 D2S2 6 6 PZAT90 RI1 D3S2 4 4 PZATB RI0 D0S0 8 9
(103) PZATB is as effective as PZ, and more effective than PZAT90.
(104) Illustration 2: Tests of the preparation in a solvent-phase epoxy amide primer
(105) The formula of table 14 was prepared.
(106) TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Formula of a solvent-phase epoxy amide % STARTING MATERIALS WEIGHT DESCRIPTION SUPPLIERS PART A Introduce with mixing in the following order EPIKOTE 1001/XYLENE 22.90 Epoxy resin HEXION 50/50 weight/weight SOLVESSO 100 7.20 Aromatic hydrocarbon TOTAL Chimie solvent ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL 1.60 Solvent SHELL DOWANOL PMA 7.30 Glycol ester, solvent DOW NUODEX 10% Ca 0.50 Dispersant ELEMENTIS Specialities BENTONE SD2 0.15 Rheological additive ELEMENTIS Specialities TiO.sub.2 TR92 4.30 Rutile HUNSTMANN ZINC PHOSPHATE PZ20 8.00 Corrosion SNCZ inhibitor YELLOW IRON OXIDE 5.10 Pigment, colorant BAYER 3920 TALC 10 M2 9.30 Filler RIO TINTO Minerals MICA MU 2/1 10.70 Filler CMMP THIXATROL ST 0.20 Thixotropic additive ELEMENTIS Specialities Grinding in ball mill for 40 minutes until Hegman fineness of 5 obtained BUTYL ACETATE 2.50 Ester, solvent TOTAL chimie CERECLOR M50 2.40 Chloroparaffin, plasticizer INEOS DUOMEEN TDO 0.15 Cationic surfactant AKZO Chemie PART B XYLENE 3.00 Aromatic TOTAL Chimie hydrocarbon, solvent EPILINK 230 0.30 Accelerator AKZO Chemie ARADUR 115 X70 BD 14.40 Polyamidoamide VANTICO hardener % PVC 34.5 (pigment volume concentration) Dry extract, % by weight 62.39 Dry extract, % by volume 44.75 Pigment/binder ratio 0.53 (by volume)
(107) Comparison of the compounds PZ, PZATB and PZAT90 in epoxy amide primer
(108) PZ, the preparation PZ 80%/PAT30 10%/ZnO 10%, and the preparation PZ 90%/PAT30 10% were compared. PZATB and PZAT90 were prepared by physical mixing.
(109) A metal surface was given a coat of anti-corrosion primer incorporating the pigment compounds in an epoxy amide resin, having a thickness of 50 μm. This coat is covered with a film of polyurethane PU having a thickness of 100 μm, also commonly called topcoat.
(110) The whole is exposed to a salt fog (standard ASTM B117) for 600 hours.
(111)
(112) The rating in table 15 is produced according to the same standards as mentioned above.
(113) TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Rating of the solvent-phase epoxy amide primer Degree of Degree of rusting blistering NF-ISO NF-ISO Scribe Full plate 4828-3 4828-3 corrosion global rating T 30140-3 T 30140-3 ASTM* 1654 ASTM* 1654 PZ RI1 D2S2 4 7 PZAT90 RI1 D2S2 6 8 PZATB RI1 D2S2 3 6
(114) PZAT90 is as effective as PZ, and more effective than PZATB.
(115) Illustration 3: Tests of the Preparation in a Solvent-Phase Epoxy Amine Primer
(116) The formula in table 16 was prepared.
(117) TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Formula of a solvent-phase epoxy amine primer % STARTING MATERIALS WEIGHT DESCRIPTION SUPPLIERS PART A Introduce with stirring in the following order EPIKOTE 1001/XYLENE 25.40 Epoxy resin HEXION 50/50 weight/weight SOLVESSO 100 7.90 Aromatic hydrocarbon, TOTAL chimie solvent ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL 1.80 Solvent SHELL DOWANOL PMA 8.00 Glycol ester, solvent DOW NUODEX 10% Ca 0.50 Dispersant ELEMENTIS Specialities BENTONE SD2 0.20 Rheological additive ELEMENTIS Specialities TiO.sub.2 TR92 4.80 Rutile HUNSTMANN ZINC PHOSPHATE PZ20 8.00 Corrosion SNCZ inhibitor YELLOW IRON OXIDE 5.70 Pigment, colorant BAYER 3920 TALC 10 M2 9.00 Filler RIO TINTO Minerals MICA MU 2/1 10.00 Filler CMMP THIXATROL ST 0.20 Thixotropic additive ELEMENTIS Specialities Grinding in bead mill for 40 minutes until Hegman fineness of 5 obtained BUTYL ACETATE 2.60 Ester, solvent TOTAL chimie CERECLOR M50 2.60 Chloroparaffin, plasticizer INEOS DUOMEEN TDO 0.20 Cationic surfactant AKZO Chemie PART B XYLENE 4.10 Aromatic hydrocarbon, TOTAL chimie solvent DOWANOL PMA 4.10 Glycol ester, solvent DOW EFFIDUR 433 4.90 Cycloaliphatic polyamine France INDUSTRIE % PVC 39.27 (pigment volume concentration) Dry extract, % by weight 58.56 Dry extract, % by volume 39.27 Pigment/binder ratio 0.65 (by volume)
(118) Comparison of the Compounds PZ, PZATB and PZAT90 in Epoxy Amine Primer
(119) An anti-corrosion primer based on epoxy amine incorporating the pigment preparations is prepared, having a thickness of 50 μm. This coat is covered with a film of polyurethane PU having a thickness of 100 μm, also commonly called topcoat.
(120) The whole is exposed to a salt fog—standard ASTM B117—for 600 hours.
(121)
(122) The rating in table 17 is produced according to the same standards as mentioned above.
(123) TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Rating of the solvent-phase epoxy amine primer Degree of Degree of rusting blistering Complete NF-ISO NF-ISO Scribe plate 4828-3 4828-3 corrosion general rating T 30140-3 T 30140-3 ASTM* 1654 ASTM* 1654 PZ RI1 D0S0 6 6 PZAT90 RI0 D0S0 8 9 PZATB RI1 D0S0 6 6
(124) PZATB is as effective as PZ, PZAT90 is more effective than these other two compounds.
(125) A comparison of PZ and of the PZAT90 pigment in an epoxy amide system, and solvent-phase epoxy amide shows very satisfactory results regarding the performance of the PZAT90 pigment.