Turbine

Abstract

A multi-stage turbine (16) is designed as an induction turbine with vapour induction in at least one intermediary stage. It is more particularly conceived as a radial-outward-flow type multi-stage turbine, with an axial main vapour inlet port (82) and an annular secondary vapour inlet port (84), which is arranged in the turbine (16) so as to annularly induce, in an intermediary stage of said turbine, a secondary vapour stream into an already partially expanded radial main vapour stream. The annular secondary vapour inlet port (84) comprises as a ring-zone (92) with through holes (94), which radially surrounds said axial main vapour inlet port (82) in a first turbine housing part (80). The axial vapour inlet port comprises a first tubular vapour inlet connection (82). The annular vapour inlet port comprises a second tubular vapour inlet connection (84) surrounding the first tubular vapour inlet connection (82), so as to define with the latter an annular space (86), wherein the ring-zone (92) with through holes (94) is arranged in this annular space (86).

Claims

1. A multi-stage turbine designed as an induction turbine with vapour induction in at least one intermediary stage; wherein: said turbine is an radial-outward-flow type multi-stage turbine (16), with an axial main vapour inlet port (82) and an annular secondary vapour inlet port (84), which is arranged in said turbine (16) so as to annularly induce, in an intermediary stage of said turbine, a secondary vapour stream into an already partially expanded radial main vapour stream characterized in that: said annular secondary vapour inlet port (84) comprises a ring-zone (92) with through holes (94), which radially surrounds said axial main vapour inlet port (82) in a first turbine housing part (80); said axial vapour inlet port comprises a first tubular vapour inlet connection (82); said annular vapour inlet port comprises a second tubular vapour inlet connection (84) surrounding said first tubular vapour inlet connection (82), so as to define with the latter an annular space (86); and said ring-zone (92) with through holes (94) is arranged in said annular space (86).

2. The turbine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: several concentric rings of stator blades (58); wherein said annular secondary vapour inlet port (84) is accommodated radially between two successive rings (56) of stator blades (58).

3. The turbine as claimed in claim 2, wherein: said turbine comprises a substantially plate-shaped first housing part (80) supporting said rings of stator blades (58); said annular secondary vapour inlet port (84) is formed in said first housing part (80) as a ring-zone (92) with through holes (94) arranged between two successive rings (56) of stator blades (58).

4. The turbine as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: a rotor (64) including for each turbine stage, a ring of rotor blades (62) radially surrounding a ring of stator blades (62); wherein: said annular secondary vapour inlet port (84) opens onto an outer annular rim (104.sub.2) of a rotor ring (60.sub.2), in which said rotor blades (62.sub.2) of a turbine stage are incorporated, said outer annular rim (104.sub.2) having a radial width decreasing towards its periphery, so as to form an annular, preferably concave, surface (116), for annularly deviating said secondary vapour stream, which flows through said annular secondary vapour inlet port (84), into a ring of stator blades (58.sub.3) of the next turbine stage.

5. The turbine as claimed in claim 4, wherein: said annular, preferably concave, surface (116) formed on said outer annular rim (104.sub.2) of said rotor ring (60.sub.2) cooperates with an annular, preferably convex, surface (118) formed on the stator ring (56.sub.3), in which said stator blades (58.sub.3) of the next turbine stage are incorporated, to define a ring-shaped converging nozzle (114) for injecting said secondary vapour stream flowing through said annular secondary vapour inlet port (84) into the ring of stator blades (58.sub.3) of the next turbine stage.

6. The turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first housing part (80) is substantially plate-shaped.

7. The turbine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a set of stator rings (56) with said stator blades (58) incorporated therein, said stator rings (56) being removably fixed on said first turbine housing part (80); and a set of rotor rings (60) with said rotor blades (62) incorporated therein, said rotor rings (60) being removably fixed on a rotor disk (64).

8. The turbine as claimed in claim 7, further comprising: a stator exhaust ring (56.sub.4) radially surrounding the stator ring (56.sub.3) with the biggest diameter and being removably fixed on said first turbine housing part (80), said stator exhaust ring (56.sub.4) defining vapour exhaust openings for discharging the expanded vapour stream; a substantially plate-shaped second turbine housing part (100) including a shaft outlet neck (72), said second turbine housing part (100) being removably fixed on said stator exhaust ring (58); a turbine shaft (66) rotatably supported within said shaft outlet neck (72); said rotor disk (64) being supported in a cantilever manner by said turbine shaft (66) between said first turbine housing part (80) and said second turbine housing part (100).

9. The turbine as claimed in claim 8, wherein said first turbine housing part (80) supports an end-cap (96), which forms a vapour inlet deflection surface (98) opposite said axial main vapour inlet port (82), said vapour inlet deflection surface (98) being a revolution surface centred on said central axis (74) of the turbine (16), wherein said stator blades (58) of the first turbine stage are incorporated into said end-cap (96).

10. The turbine as claimed in claim 8, wherein: said second turbine housing part (100) is equipped with mounting means for mounting it in a sealed manner in an opening of a container (10), so that a shaft outlet neck (72) of said second turbine housing part (100) is arranged outside said container (10), and said vapour exhaust openings for discharging the expanded vapour stream are arranged inside said container (10).

11. The turbine as claimed in claim 10, further including: rolling contact bearings in said shaft outlet neck (72) for supporting and locating said turbine (16) shaft therein; and a shaft sealing device arranged adjacent to said rolling contact bearings, so that said rolling contact bearings are sealed from the vapour in the turbine (16).

12. The turbine as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising: a first vapour drum (46) that is located in axial extension of said axial main vapour inlet port (82) and directly connected to the latter without any intermediate piping; and a second vapour drum that is located in axial extension of said annular secondary vapour inlet port (84) and directly connected to the latter without any intermediate piping; wherein said second vapour drum (48) is a compartment inside said first vapour drum (46), or said first vapour drum (46) is a compartment inside said second vapour drum (48).

13. The turbine as claimed in claim 12, wherein: said axial vapour inlet port comprises a first tubular vapour inlet connection (82), which is engaged in a sliding and sealed manner by said first vapour drum (46); and said annular vapour inlet port comprises a second tubular vapour inlet connection (84) surrounding said first tubular vapour inlet connection; and said second tubular vapour inlet connection is engaged in a sliding and sealed manner by said second vapour drum (48).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) The afore-described and other features, aspects and advantages of the invention will be better understood with regard to the following description of an embodiment of the invention and upon reference to the attached drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1: is a schematic vertical sectional view of a container containing a turbine in accordance with the present invention and an arrangement of several heat exchangers;

(3) FIG. 2: is a schematic sectional view of a multi-stage turbine, in which low pressure vapour is induced at a low pressure turbine stage, wherein the section plane contains the central axis of the turbine;

(4) FIG. 3: is an enlarged detail of FIG. 2;

(5) FIG. 4: is a schematic sectional view of a turbine as shown in FIG. 2, the section plane being this time perpendicular to the central axis of the turbine;

(6) FIG. 5: is a schematic sectional view of the turbine as in FIG. 2, further schematically showing a first arrangement of a high pressure vapour drum and a low pressure vapour drum directly connected to the turbine;

(7) FIG. 6: is a schematic sectional view as in FIG. 5, showing a slightly modified embodiment;

(8) FIG. 7: is a schematic sectional view as in FIG. 5, showing a further possibility how to connect the high pressure vapour drum and the low pressure vapour drum to the turbine; and

(9) FIG. 8: is a schematic sectional view as in FIG. 5, showing an additional possibility how to connect the high pressure vapour drum and the low pressure vapour drum to the turbine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

(10) It will be understood that the following description and the drawings to which it refers describe by way of example preferred embodiments of the claimed subject matter for illustration purposes. The description and drawings shall not further limit the scope, nature or spirit of the claimed subject matter.

(11) FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-section through a turbine 16 in accordance with the present invention. It will first be noted that the turbine 16 is a multi-stage (here a three-stage) outward-flow radial type turbine, i.e. the vapour axially enters into the turbine 16 and then flows in a radial direction outward through the different stages of the turbine 16, which are substantially concentric. The turbine is furthermore of the induction type, i.e. a secondary flow of low pressure vapour is induced at a low pressure stage into the turbine 16. Finally, the turbine is of the impulse type, i.e. the vapour is mainly expanded as it passes through the stator of the turbine 16.

(12) As best seen in the cross-section of FIG. 4, each of the three turbine stages comprises a stator ring 56.sub.1, 56.sub.2, 56.sub.3, with increasing diameter and curved stator blades 58.sub.1, 58.sub.2, 58.sub.3, and a rotor ring 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2, 60.sub.3, with increasing diameter and curved rotor blades 62.sub.1, 62.sub.2, 62.sub.3. The inlet stator ring 56.sub.1 and the first rotor ring 60.sub.1 form the first stage of the turbine 16. The second stator ring 56.sub.2 and the second rotor ring 60.sub.2 form the second stage of the turbine 16. The third stator ring 56.sub.3 and the third rotor ring 60.sub.3 form the third stage of the turbine 16. A fourth ring 56.sub.4 surrounds the third or last stage of the turbine 16, to form a stator exhaust ring 56.sub.4, with stator exhaust blades 58.sub.4. It will of course be understood that the turbine 16 may also be designed with 4 stages or more, by adding one or more pairs of stator and rotor rings.

(13) Referring now to FIG. 2 again, it will be noted that the rotor rings 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2, 60.sub.3 are supported by a rotor disk 64, which is fixed to a free end of a turbine shaft 66. The turbine shaft 66 with the rotor disk 64 is rotatably supported in a cantilever fashion in a shaft outlet neck 72 by means of a bearing arrangement, preferably built up with rolling contact bearings. Reference number 68 points to a schematic representation of such a rolling contact bearing. Reference number 70 identifies a schematic representation of a sealing device, which seals the shaft 66 in the shaft outlet neck 72, between the rotor disk 64 and the bearing arrangement.

(14) Reference number 74 identifies the central axis of the turbine shaft 66, which is also the central axis of all rotor rings 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2, 60.sub.3 (and of all stator rings 56.sub.1, 56.sub.2, 56.sub.3, 56.sub.4), since all these rings are coaxial with the turbine shaft 66. It will be noted that the rotor disk 64 is axially secured to the turbine shaft 66, e.g. by means of a nut 75 or a screw (not shown), and that the torque is transmitted from the rotor disk 64 to the turbine shaft 66 by means of a form-fit or keyed assembly (not shown). The rotor rings 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2, 60.sub.3 are fixed with screws 76 to the rotor disk 64, so that they are easily exchangeable.

(15) Still referring to FIG. 2, the stator rings 56.sub.1, 56.sub.2, 56.sub.3 are fixed with screws 78 to a plate-shaped first turbine housing part 80. This first turbine housing part 80 comprises a first and a second tubular vapour inlet connection 82, 84, a first and a second ring-shaped flange 88, 90 and a perforated ring zone 92. The first tubular vapour inlet connection 82 is centred on the central axis 74 of the turbine 16. The second tubular vapour inlet connection 84 surrounds the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82, so as to define with the latter an annular space 86, wherein the perforated ring zone 92 is contained in this annular space 86. The first ring-shaped flange 88 forms a shoulder around the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82. The second ring-shaped flange 90 forms a shoulder around the second tubular vapour inlet connection 84. The perforated ring zone 92 joins the first flange 88 and the second ring-shaped flange 90 and is provided with through-holes 94.

(16) It will be noted that instead of being integral with the first turbine housing part 80, the first and/or second tubular vapour inlet connection 82, 84 could also be flanged to the first turbine housing part 80. In this case, the first turbine housing part 80 mainly consists of the first ring-shaped flange 88, the second ring-shaped flange 90 and the perforated ring zone 92, which joins the first and the second ring-shaped flange 88, 90. In this embodiment, the first ring-shaped flange 88 advantageously comprises a first connection means for flanging a removable first vapour inlet connection thereto, and the second ring-shaped flange 90 advantageously comprises a second connection means for flanging a removable second vapour inlet connection thereto (not shown in the drawings).

(17) The first ring-shaped flange 88 supports the first and the second stator ring 56.sub.1, 56.sub.2. The first stator ring 56.sub.1 is advantageously part of an end-cap 96, which forms a vapour inlet deflection surface 98 at the end of the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82. This vapour inlet deflection surface 98 is a revolution surface centred on the central axis 74 of the turbine 16, so as to annularly deflect the axial vapour stream in the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82 by 90° into the first stator ring 56.sub.1.

(18) The second ring-shaped flange 90 supports the third stator ring 56.sub.3, as well as the exhaust stator ring 56.sub.4. By means of the exhaust stator ring 56.sub.4, the first turbine housing part 80 is fixed to a plate-shaped second turbine housing part 100. The rotor disk 64 with the rotor rings 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2, 60.sub.3 is hereby located axially between the first housing part 80 and the second housing part 100. In the radial direction, the first rotor ring 60.sub.1 is located between the first and the second stator ring 56.sub.1and 56.sub.2; the second rotor ring 60.sub.2 is located between the second and the third stator ring 56.sub.2 and 56.sub.3; and the third rotor ring 60.sub.3 is located between the third stator ring 56.sub.3 and the exhaust stator ring 56.sub.4. It will be appreciated that—with this sandwich design—the height of the stator blades 58.sub.1, 58.sub.2, 58.sub.3 and rotor blades 62.sub.1, 62.sub.2, 62.sub.3 can be modified, by simply exchanging the removable stator rings 56 and rotor rings 60. Consequently, with one size for the first and second turbine housing part 80 and 100, the rotor disk 64 and the turbine shaft 66, one may already cover a large range of pressures and flow rates. Thus, it will be e.g. be possible to cover the electric power range of 25 kW to 100 kW with one unique size for the first and second turbine housing part 80 and 100, the rotor disk 64 and the turbine shaft 66. In most cases it will even not be necessary to change the form of the rotor and stator blades 58, 62. A broad electric power range may be covered by simply changing the height of the rotor and stator blades 58, 62, all other geometric characteristics of the rotor and stator rings 56, 60 and blades 58, 62 remaining unchanged. Furthermore, if the available heat energy increases or decreases during lifetime of the turbine, the latter may be easily reconfigured for the new operating conditions by simply exchanging its rotor and stator rings 56, 60.

(19) As is best seen in FIG. 3, each of the three stator rings 56.sub.1, 56.sub.2, 56.sub.3 includes at its base an annular shoulder 102.sub.1, 102.sub.2, 102.sub.3, which forms a labyrinth joint 106 with an opposite grooved surface located on an annular outer annular rim 104.sub.1, 104.sub.2, 104.sub.3 of the corresponding rotor ring 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2, 60.sub.3. Similarly, each of the first two rotor rings 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2 includes at its base an annular shoulder 108.sub.1, 108.sub.2, which forms a labyrinth joint 112 with an opposite grooved surface located on an annular outer annular rim 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3 of the corresponding stator ring 56.sub.2, 56.sub.3. Thus, vapour tightness in the radial direction between the rotating and stationary parts is solely achieved by easily machinable surfaces on the removal stator rings 56.sub.1, 56.sub.2, 56.sub.3 and rotor rings 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2, and necessitates neither complicated machining on the turbine housing parts 80, 100 or the rotor disk 64, nor separate sealing elements. Furthermore, if the removable rotor and stator rings 56, 60 are replaced, all sealing surfaces in the turbine are replaced too. Alternatively, the removable stator rings 56.sub.1, 56.sub.2, 56.sub.3 and rotor rings 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2, may be designed without the aforementioned annular shoulder, wherein the outer annular rims 104.sub.1, 104.sub.2, 104.sub.3 of the rotor rings 60.sub.1, 60.sub.2, 60.sub.3 and the outer annular rims 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3 of the stator rings 56.sub.2, 56.sub.3 cooperate directly with corresponding annular surfaces on the housing part 80 and the rotor disk 64 to form labyrinth joints.

(20) It will further be noted that the annular shoulder 102.sub.2 of the second stator ring 56.sub.2 is smaller than the other two annular shoulders 102.sub.1, 102.sub.3, thereby leaving uncovered the through-holes 94 in the perforated ring zone 92 of the first turbine housing part 80. The width of the annular outer annular rim 104.sub.2 of the second rotor ring 60.sub.2, which is located just behind the perforated ring zone 92, decreases towards its periphery, so as to define with the opposite surface of the third stator ring 56.sub.3 a ring-shaped converging nozzle 114, which is delimited, on one side, by an annular concave surface 116 defined by the second rotor ring 60.sub.2 and, on the other side, by an annular convex surface 118 defined by the third stator ring 56.sub.3. This ring-shaped nozzle 114 deflects the low pressure vapour stream, which flows from the annular space 86 in an axial direction through the through-holes 94, by an angle of 90° into the third stator ring 56.sub.3. In this third stator ring 56.sub.3, this low pressure vapour stream is induced into the main vapour stream that has already been expanded in the first and second stage of the turbine 16, so that both vapour streams have substantially the same pressure when they merge in the third stator ring 56.sub.3.

(21) Referring simultaneously to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, it will be noted that the expansion of the vapour in the second stator ring 56.sub.2 and the third stator ring 56.sub.3 is mainly achieved by increasing the height of the stator blades 58 in the radial direction (i.e. the height of these blades at the outlet is considerably higher than their height at the inlet of the stator ring). Thus, the expansion of the vapour in these stator rings 56.sub.2 and 56.sub.3 is mainly determined by the increasing height of their blades. Consequently, for adapting the turbine to a different vapour throughput or a different inlet pressure in the turbine 16, it will not be necessary to entirely change the geometry of the rotor or stator blades 58, 62. It will most often simply be sufficient to change the height of the rotor and stator blades 58, 62, all other geometric characteristics of the rotor and stator rings 56, 60 and blades 58, 62 remaining basically unchanged.

(22) It will be appreciated that the turbine as described hereinbefore may achieve an isentropic efficiency as high as 90%. Its rotation speed will preferably be limited to 18,000 rpm, so as to be capable of working with rolling contact bearings and common shaft sealing devices.

(23) FIG. 5 schematically shows a first arrangement of a high pressure vapour drum 46 and a low pressure vapour drum 48, both directly located under the turbine 16 and directly connected to latter without any intermediate piping. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the high pressure vapour drum 46 is a cylindrical vessel directly flanged to the first turbine housing part 80. The low pressure vapour drum 48 forms an annular compartment within the high pressure vapour drum 46. This annular compartment is outwardly delimited by a cylindrical external wall 120 of the high pressure vapour drum 46 and inwardly delimited by a cylindrical internal wall 122. This cylindrical internal wall 122 engages the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82 of the turbine 16 in a sealed fit, wherein this sealed fit shall however be designed (e.g. with O-rings) to allow relative axial movement of the cylindrical internal wall 122 and the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82. The high pressure vapour flows through the axial passage delimited by the cylindrical internal wall 122 into the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82 of the turbine. The low pressure vapour flows directly from the annular low pressure vapour drum 48 into the annular space 86 delimited between the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82 and the second tubular vapour inlet connection 84 of the turbine. Reference number 124 points to a high pressure vapour inlet pipe connected laterally to the high pressure vapour drum 46, whereas reference number 126 points to a low pressure vapour inlet pipe connected laterally to the low pressure vapour drum 48.

(24) The arrangement of FIG. 6 distinguishes over the arrangement of FIG. 5 mainly in that the low pressure vapour inlet pipe 126′ traverses the high pressure vapour drum 46 to leave the latter through its bottom wall. This design necessitates that the low pressure vapour inlet pipe 126 and the high pressure vapour drum 46 may freely expand relative to one another. This can e.g. be achieved by connecting the low pressure vapour inlet pipe 126 by means of a bellow expansion joint (not shown) to the closed end of the high pressure vapour drum 46.

(25) FIG. 7 shows a further arrangement of the high pressure vapour drum 46 and the low pressure vapour drum 48 connected to the turbine 16. The low pressure vapour drum 48 is a cylindrical vessel flanged to the first turbine housing part 80. The high pressure vapour drum 46 forms a cylindrical compartment within the low pressure vapour drum 48, separated from the outer wall of the latter by an annular space 130. It is vertically supported by a support flange 132, which is welded into the low pressure vapour drum 48. Through-openings 134 in the support flange 132 allow the intermediate pressure vapour to pass from an inlet compartment 136 of the low pressure vapour drum 48 into the annular space 130. The high pressure vapour drum 46 engages the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82 of the turbine 16 in a sealed way, wherein this sealed fit shall however be designed (e.g. with O-rings) to allow relative axial movement of the high pressure vapour drum 46 and the first tubular vapour inlet connection 82. Similarly as for the pipe 126′ in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the passage of the pipe 124 through the bottom wall of the low pressure vapour drum 48 is designed for allowing a relative axial expansion of both components.

(26) It will be noted that in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, the outer vessel is flanged to the first turbine housing part 80 of the turbine 16, and must consequently be able to axially expand away from the turbine 16. In FIG. 8, the outer vessel 140 is no longer flanged to the first turbine housing part 80 of the turbine 16. It simply engages the second tubular vapour inlet connection 84 of the turbine 16 in a sealed way, wherein this sealed fit is designed (e.g. with O-rings) to allow a relative axial movement of the outer vessel 140 and the second tubular vapour inlet connection 84. In this embodiment, the outer vessel 140 (which may be the high pressure vapour drum 46 as in FIG. 5 or 6, or the low pressure vapour drum 48 as in FIG. 7) can be vertically supported by a separate vertical support means 142. Thus, the outer vessel 140 may e.g. be directly supported on the first or second evaporator 12, 14, when the latter are axially arranged under the outer vessel 140. It will consequently be appreciated that in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the turbine 16 must not support the whole weight of the two vapour drums 46, 48.

(27) It will be appreciated that in all three arrangements, the low pressure vapour is slightly superheated by contact with one or more walls of the high pressure vapour drum 46, which may be advantageous for the efficiency of the low pressure cycle. This superheating-effect is more important for the embodiment of FIG. 7 and may be further amplified by providing the outer wall of the inner cylinder 46 in FIG. 7 with fins.

(28) FIG. 1 shows a compact device for electric power generation according to an improved ORC, more particularly, to an ORC working with two evaporators 12, 14, two regenerators 20, 22 and an induction turbine 16 according to the present invention. The container 10 is a vertical vapour tight cylinder supported on support feet 150. The turbine 16 is located inside the vertical cylinder 10, near the top end of the latter. The central axis 74 of the turbine is aligned with the central axis of the container 10. Referring back to FIG. 2, it will be noted that the second turbine housing part 100 is fixed with in a sealed manner to a head-plate 152, which is a part of the upper container wall. The shaft outlet neck axially protrudes out of an opening 153 of the head-plate 152. Alternatively, the second turbine housing part 100 may include an annular flange (not shown) with which it is fixed in a sealed manner onto a flange surrounding an axial opening (not shown) in the head of the container 10. In this case the entire second turbine housing part 100 is located outside the container 10. A generator 154 is arranged on the top of the vertical cylinder 10 and is coupled to the vertical shaft of the turbine 16. It will be appreciated that with this arrangement, the bearing arrangement 68 of the turbine shaft 66 is located completely outside the container 10, which greatly facilitates the design of its lubrication system, but also its maintenance.

(29) The high pressure vapour drum 46 and the low pressure vapour drum 48 are arranged axially directly under the turbine 16. Both vapour drums 46, 48 are advantageously connected to the first and second tubular vapour inlet connection 82, 84 of the turbine 16 as described e.g. with reference to FIG. 5 or 6 and FIG. 8. The first evaporator 12 and the second evaporator 14 are arranged axially directly under the two vapour drums 46, 48, which can be vertically supported by the two evaporators 12, 14, as described with reference to FIG. 1. These two evaporators 12, 14 are preferably enclosed in a separate cylindrical compartment 156. The first and second regenerator 20, 22 are arranged annularly around the two vapour drums 46, 48, wherein the second regenerator 22 is arranged directly under the first regenerator 20. The condenser 18 is arranged annularly around the two evaporators 12, 14. The bottom part of the vertical cylinder 10 forms a condensate collector 158.

(30) The turbine 16 radially discharges the expanded vapour through the stator exhaust ring 564 directly into the upper part of the vertical cylinder 10. An annular deflector (not shown) may be used to deflect the radially discharged vapour axially downwards. This annular deflector may be incorporated into the turbine 16 or be installed as a separate element into the container 10. The expanded vapour then passes downwards through the first and second regenerator 20, 22, to be finally condensed in the condenser 18. The condensate is collected in the condensate collector 158 at the bottom of the vertical cylinder 10.

(31) TABLE-US-00001 Reference signs list 10 container  82 first tubular vapour inlet 12 first evaporator connection 14 second evaporator  84 second tubular vapour inlet 16 turbine connection 18 condenser  86 annular space (between 20 first regenerator 82 and 84) 22 second regenerator  88 first ring-shaped flange 26 electrical generator (on 82)  .sub. 56.sub.1, first stator ring,  90 second ring-shaped flange  .sub. 56.sub.2, second stator ring, (on 84) .sub. 56.sub.3 third stator ring  92 perforated ring zone .sub. 56.sub.4 stator exhaust ring (58)  94 through-holes in 92  .sub. 58.sub.1, curved stator blades (58)  96 end-cap of 56.sub.1  98 vapour inlet deflection  .sub. 58.sub.2, curved stator blades (58) surface of 56.sub.2 100 second turbine housing .sub. 58.sub.3 curved stator blades (58) part (100) of 56.sub.3  .sub. 102.sub.1, annular shoulder on 56.sub.1, .sub. 58.sub.4 stator exhaust blades 56.sub.2,  .sub. 60.sub.1, first rotor ring,  .sub. 102.sub.2, 56.sub.3  .sub. 60.sub.2, second rotor ring, .sub. 102.sub.3 .sub. 60.sub.3 third rotor ring  .sub. 104.sub.1, annular outer annular rim  .sub. 62.sub.1, curved rotor blades of 60.sub.1 on 60.sub.1,  .sub. 62.sub.2, curved rotor blades of 60.sub.2  .sub. 104.sub.2, 60.sub.2, 60.sub.3 .sub. 62.sub.3 curved rotor blades of 60.sub.3 .sub. 104.sub.3 64 rotor disk 106 labyrinth joint 66 turbine shaft  .sub. 108.sub.1, annular shoulder on 60.sub.1, 68 bearing 60.sub.2 70 sealing device .sub. 108.sub.2 72 shaft outlet neck  .sub. 110.sub.2, annular outer annular rim 74 central axis of 16 on 56.sub.2, 75 nut .sub. 110.sub.3 56.sub.3 76 screws for rotor rings 112 labyrinth joint 78 screws for stator rings (56) 114 ring-shaped nozzle 80 first turbine housing part 116 annular concave surface (80) defined by 60.sub.2 120  cylindrical external wall 118 annular convex surface 122  cylindrical internal wall defined by 56.sub.3 124  high pressure vapour inlet 140 outer vessel pipe 142 vertical support means 126  low pressure vapour inlet 150 support feet pipe 154 generator 130  annular space 156 separate cylindrical 132  support flange compartment 134  through openings in 132 158 condensate collector 136  inlet compartment