Expansion chuck

Abstract

Expansion chuck (1) with a base body (9) and an expansion sleeve (10) which is surrounded by a receptacle (6) for a tool, wherein the expansion sleeve (10) inside the base body (9) and at the front end (3) of the receptacle (6) is connected pressure-tight to the base body (9), thus forming a pressure chamber (11) between the base body (9) and the expansion sleeve (10), characterized in that the expansion sleeve (10) at the front end (3) of the base body (9) extends radially outward to an connecting section (34), where it is connected to the base body (9) in a pressure-tight manner.

Claims

1. An expansion chuck comprising a base body; and an expansion sleeve surrounding a receptacle for a tool, wherein the expansion sleeve is inside the base body and is connected pressure-tight at a front end of the receptacle, thus forming a pressure chamber between the base body and the expansion sleeve, wherein the expansion sleeve at a front end of the base body extends radially outward to a connecting section, where it is connected to the base body in a pressure-tight manner; and wherein an annular gap extends beyond the pressure chamber in a direction of the front end of the base body.

2. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expansion sleeve has a cylindrical clamping section and a transition segment extending radially outward starting from the latter, and wherein a wall thickness of the transition segment roughly corresponds to a wall thickness of the clamping section.

3. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transition segment is realized as a bend.

4. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 3, wherein a radius of the bend is greater than 1 mm.

5. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 4, wherein the radius of the bend is between 1 and 2 mm.

6. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transition segment has a greater wall thickness than the clamping section.

7. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expansion sleeve is formed as one piece with the base body.

8. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expansion sleeve is realized as a separate component that is connected to the base body in a pressure-tight manner.

9. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 8, wherein the expansion sleeve is a machined component.

10. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 8, wherein the expansion sleeve is a plastically deformed component.

11. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 8, wherein an end face of the base body is furnished with a groove or a ledge, so that a soldering ring can be arranged during assembly.

12. The expansion chuck of claim 8, wherein the expansion sleeve is connected to the base body by soldering.

13. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 1, wherein an outer clamping point of the expansion sleeve, at which the latter can engage with a tool, is located within the area of the pressure-tight connection to the base body or even outside of this area.

14. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expansion sleeve extends up to an outer side of the base body.

15. The expansion chuck as claimed in claim 1, wherein an outer clamping point of the expansion sleeve, at which the latter can engage with a tool, is located inside the expansion chuck and less than 3 mm from the front end of the expansion chuck.

16. The expansion chuck of claim 15, wherein the outer clamping point is located inside the expansion chuck and is less than 2 mm from the front end of the expansion chuck.

17. The expansion chuck of claim 15, wherein the outer clamping point is located inside the expansion chuck and is less than 1.5 mm from the front end of the expansion chuck.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 in a perspective view schematically an expansion chuck known from prior art for clamping a tool;

(2) FIG. 2 a lateral view of the expansion chuck from FIG. 1;

(3) FIG. 3 a section along the plane from FIG. 2;

(4) FIG. 4 a section along the plane IV-IV from FIG. 2;

(5) FIG. 5 in a sectioned partial view, the tool-side end of an expansion chuck according to a first embodiment of the invention;

(6) FIG. 6 in a sectioned partial view, the tool-side end of an expansion chuck according to a second embodiment of the invention;

(7) FIG. 7 in a sectioned partial view, the tool-side end of an expansion chuck according to a third embodiment of the invention;

(8) FIG. 8 in a sectioned partial view, the tool-side end of an expansion chuck according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;

(9) FIG. 9 in a sectioned partial view, the tool-side end of an expansion chuck according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;

(10) FIG. 10 in a sectioned partial view, the tool-side end of an expansion chuck according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;

(11) FIG. 11 in a sectioned partial view, the tool-side end of an expansion chuck according to a seventh embodiment of the invention;

(12) FIG. 12 in a sectioned partial view, the tool-side end of an expansion chuck according to an eighth embodiment of the invention;

(13) FIG. 13 in a sectioned partial view, the tool-side end of an expansion chuck according to a ninth embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(14) FIGS. 1 to 4 show an expansion chuck 1 that serves to clamp a tool powered by a rotary drive (not shown), in particularly a drill or a milling cutter at the spindle drive of a machine tool (also not shown). The expansion chuck shown in these figures is generally known from prior art (for instance from WO 2005/097383), and the explanations only serve to explain the mode of operation of an expansion chuck. It is therefore not admissible to draw limiting conclusions for the embodiments according to the invention from the dimensions, application fields and special properties of the expansion chuck shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.

(15) The expansion chuck 1 is essentially realized in a rotationally symmetrical manner with respect to an expansion chuck axis 2 forming the rotational axis and has, seen in the direction of said expansion chuck axis 2, a tool-side end 3 (hereinafter also called “front end”) and a machine-side end 4. Near the tool-side end 3, the expansion chuck 1 is drawn out to a long and narrow neck area 5, which has a receptacle 6 for the tool at the free end.

(16) The machine-side end 4 has a mounting cone 7 in the form of an HSK shank, for example, for connecting the expansion chuck 1 to the drive spindle.

(17) The expansion chuck 1 here has a two-part base body which is formed from a base body part 8 at the machine-tool end and a base body part 9 at the tool end. Both parts 8, 9 are hand-soldered together and thus interconnected in a rigid and pressure-tight manner. It is also possible in principle to realize the base body of the expansion chuck as a single part or as more than two parts.

(18) Near the receptacle 6 the base body 8 is a hollow cylinder and thin-walled. This thin-walled segment of the base body 8 is referred to as expansion sleeve 10. The expansion sleeve 10 is formed as one piece with the base body 8, but can also be formed from a separate piece. An annular gap 11 is formed between the inner wall of the base body 9 and the opposite outer wall of the expansion sleeve 10. This annular gap 11 only provides an extremely limited radial expansion R of preferably 0.1 mm (corresponding to about a tenth of the wall thickness of the expansion sleeve 10) and, due to resolution, can only be seen as such in the enlarged FIG. 4 and in particular in the further enlarged detailed representation A. In FIG. 3 the annular gap 11 is only marginally visible as a widened black line.

(19) The annular gap 11 extends along the majority of the expansion sleeve 10 in the axial direction and forms a pressure chamber 12 near the receptacle 6, which holds a liquid pressure medium F, in particular an oil. The annular gap 11 segment extended beyond the pressure chamber 12 in the direction of the machine-tool end 4 provides a pressure conduction system 13, which fluidicly connects the pressure chamber 12 to a pressure-generating unit 14 that is axially displaced with regard to the pressure chamber 12, thus allowing a pressure transfer from the pressure-generating unit 14 into the pressure chamber 12.

(20) The radial expansion R remains essentially the same over the entire length of the annular gap 11 in the unloaded state, so that the pressure chamber 12 merges into the pressure conduction system 13 without interruption. As can be seen particularly in FIG. 4, the pressure-generating unit 14 comprises a cylindrical bore 15, which contains a pressure piston 16. The pressure piston 16 is either adjustably guided directly inside the cylindrical bore 15 or, as shown in FIG. 4, in a sleeve 17 within the cylindrical bore 15. The pressure piston 16 must be actuated by means of a clamping screw 18.

(21) The inner end of the pressure piston 16 bears a gasket 19 made from an elastic material, in particular an elastomer or rubber. The pressure-generating unit 14 further comprises a filling hole 20, which leads from the inner end of the cylindrical bore 15 in such an angled manner that it runs approximately tangentially to the annular gap 11. The filling hole 20 is thus fluidicly connected to both the cylindrical bore 15 and, via the annular gap 11, the annular gap 11. The filling hole 20 is closed to the outside world in a pressure-tight manner by means of a ball seal.

(22) In their operational states, the cylindrical bore 15, the filling hole 20 and the annular gap 11 are completely filled with the pressure medium F.

(23) For clamping a tool that has been placed in the receptacle 6, the clamping screw 18 and thus the pressure piston 16 can be adjusted in the cylindrical bore 15 by means of a screwdriver, thereby reducing the volume of the cylindrical bore 15 with the pressure medium F. A hydrostatic pressure of typically 1000 bar can thereby be applied to the pressure medium F. Via the annular gap 11, said pressure is transferred as pressure conduction system 13 into the area of the pressure chamber 12. Here, the hydrostatic pressure leads to a deformation of the thin-walled expansion sleeve 10, directed radially inward onto the expansion chuck axis 2, by means of which the tool is clamped in the receptacle 6. Owing to the comparably large wall thickness of the base body 9 adjacent to the pressure chamber 12 on the outside, the effect of the pressure does not lead to any significant deformation at the outer circumference of the expansion chuck 1.

(24) To remove the tool from the expansion chuck 1, the pressure piston 16 is reset by a couple of turns of the clamping screw 18, thereby releasing the pressure medium F. The elastically deformed expansion sleeve 10 thus regains its original form, and the tool can be removed.

(25) Below, various different embodiments of the expansion chuck according to the invention are described in FIGS. 5 to 13. In these descriptions, the same references numbers are used for the parts already known from FIGS. 1 to 4.

(26) For all embodiments, the expansion sleeve 10 is realized as a separate part, which is connected to the respective base body 8 or 9 in a pressure-tight manner on its inside and to the base body 9 at the front end 3 in a pressure-tight manner. The pressure-tight connection is achieved through soldering. In principle, other types of connections are also suitable, provided they allow the contour of the expansion sleeve 10, in particular at the front end 3 of the expansion chuck to be retained. The expansion sleeve 10 can also be realized as one piece with the base body 9.

(27) In the case of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the expansion sleeve 10 has an essentially constant wall thickness at the front end 3 of the expansion chuck. Starting from the cylindrical clamping section 30, the center axis of which coincides with the rotational axis of the expansion chuck, the expansion sleeve 10 extends radially outward at the front end 3 in a transition segment 32 and then merges into an connecting section 34.

(28) The transition segment 32 extends over an angled section of slightly more than 90°, so that the connecting section 34 lies in the axial direction within the front most point of the transition segment 32. This results in the inside of the transition segment 32 lying at a distance from the end face 36 of the base body 9, thereby forming a pressure chamber expansion 11E. In other words, the pressure chamber has two parts, with one cylindrical segment 11 and one expansion segment extending radially outward.

(29) The transition segment is realized as a bend, wherein the bending radius, measured on the inside of the expansion sleeve 10, lies within a size range of 1 to 1.5 mm.

(30) Here, the connecting section 34 of the expansion sleeve 10 is realized at an angle, so that it is formed from a flange-like portion 34A adjacent to transition segment 32 and a collar-like area 34B adjacent thereto. The area 34B then integrates into a circumferential tier 40 at the front end 4 of the base body 9, so that the cylindrical outer surface of the area 34B represents constitutes an extension of the cylindrical outer surface of the base body 9 at the front end 3.

(31) In the area of the connecting section 34, the expansion sleeve 10 is soldered to the base body 9, a total of three soldering surfaces 42 separated from each other being formed here, specifically on the area of the end face 36 lying radially to the outside, on the cylindrical section of the tier 40 as well as on an annular area, where the rear-facing end face of the area 34B is adjacent to the base body 9. The soldering material for the soldering points 42 is provided by a soldering ring 44, which is arranged in a groove 46 in the end face 36 of the base body 9. The groove 46 separates the end face 36 into an annular section lying radially on the inside, which constitutes a limit for the expansion 11E of the pressure chamber 11, as well as an annular section radially on the outside, in which the portion 34A of the interconnecting portion 34 is soldered to the base body 9.

(32) When a tool is placed in the receptacle 6 and the pressure chamber 11 is pressurized, the clamping section of the expansion sleeve 10 is loaded radially inward. The clamping point furthest forward, which constitutes the outermost end of the contact between tool and expansion sleeve 10 in axial direction, is marked here with the reference number 50. It can be seen that the clamping point 50 lies only a very short distance A within or “behind” the front most end of the expansion chuck, wherein the distance A corresponds to the expansion sleeve 10 in this case. The wall thickness can lie within the range of, e.g., 1 to 1.5 mm, in particular 1.2 to 1.3 mm.

(33) At the same time it can be seen that the clamping point A lies in the axial direction in front of the soldering surfaces 42, to which the expansion sleeve 10 is connected at the front end with the base body 9. With any given total length of the expansion chuck said expansion sleeve is thus optimally utilized such that the length of the clamping section is at a maximum.

(34) The resulting notch effect on a clamped tool is thus minimized. On the one hand, a soft transition is created in the areas of the clamping point 50, since the transition segment 32 merges into the clamping section 30 in a slight curve. On the other hand, the expansion sleeve 10 near the clamping point 50 may yield elastically and radially outward, since it is not immediately supported by the base body 9 at this point, but is connected to the latter at the curved transition segment 32, which then has a spring effect.

(35) FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment. The difference from the first embodiment is that the frontal portion 34A of the connecting section 34 does not extend in a plane perpendicular to the center axis of the expansion chuck, but is realized as an immediate extension of the transition segment 32 and therefore extends diagonally back- and outward as seen in cross section. In other words, the front of the expansion sleeve 10 forms a truncated cone surface. The advantage over the first embodiment is that the bending point between the transition segment 32 and the portion 34A of the connecting section 34 can be omitted.

(36) FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment. This embodiment differs from the second in that the soldering ring 44 is not arranged in a groove 46 in the end face 36 of the base body 9, but in a circumferential ledge 47 at the transition between the end face 36 and the circumferential surface of the base body 9.

(37) FIG. 8 shows a fourth embodiment. The essential difference from the preceding embodiments is that the expansion sleeve 10 has differing wall thicknesses in different sections. While the wall thickness near the clamping section 30 and the transition segment 32 is essentially constant, the flange portion 34A has a greater wall thickness than the clamping section 30, while the sleeve area 34B in turn has a greater wall thickness. Except for this feature, the fourth embodiment is essentially the same as the first embodiment, wherein in the return from the transition segment 32 to the connecting section 34 is not as pronounced in the fourth embodiment as it is in the first embodiment. As a result, the clamping point 50 essentially lies at the level of the end face 36.

(38) FIG. 9 shows a fifth embodiment. The fifth embodiment is essentially identical to the fourth embodiment, but the relation of the wall thicknesses of the interconnection part 34 are reversed: the wall thickness of the sleeve area 34B is smaller than that of the flange portion 34A. The outer surface of the transition segment 32 thus merges with the front of the flange portion 34A, while the contour on the inside, when seen in cross-sectional view, extends back to the end face 36 of the base body 9, resulting in an altogether greater wall thickness of the flange portion 34A of the connecting section 34. As a consequence, the clamping point 50 is located axially in front of the end face 36 of the base body 9.

(39) FIG. 10 shows a sixth embodiment. This is essentially identical to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the soldering ring 44 of the seventh embodiment not being arranged in a groove 46 as is the case in the fifth embodiment, but on a ledge 46 in the end face 36 of the base body 9, which interacts with a ledge 52 on the inside of the expansion sleeve 10.

(40) In FIG. 10, the dashed section represents an alternative contour of the end face 36 of the base body 9, in which the end face 36 has a bulging protrusion 54 in the cross section. In this variant, the expansion 11E of the pressure chamber 11 has a smaller volume.

(41) FIG. 11 shows a seventh embodiment. The difference from the preceding embodiments is that the interconnecting part 34 is not realized with two portions 34A, 34B opposing each other in an angle of 90°, but rather the portions 34A, 34B merge into one another and are realized as a thickened, circumferential bulge at the radially outward end of the expansion sleeve 10. Another difference from the preceding embodiments is that as a result of the cross section of the connecting section 34, only two soldering surfaces 42 separated from each other are applied.

(42) Since in the seventh embodiment, the transition segment 32 also extends over an angled area of more than 90°, the connecting section 34 again lies “behind” the transition segment 32 when seen in the axial direction. Accordingly, the clamping point 50 is located axially in front of the connecting section 34, and in particular in front of the soldering surfaces 42.

(43) FIG. 12 shows an eighth embodiment, in which the connecting section 34 is realized on its inside, when seen in cross-sectional view, as a radially outward extension of the transition segment 32. On the outside, the transition segment 32, when seen in cross-sectional view, also merges straight into the outer contour of the connecting section 34, wherein the end face of the portion 34A of the connecting section 34 defines a truncated cone surface, the tip of the cone lying within the front of the expansion chuck when seen in the axial direction. Near the area 34B of the connecting section, the end face extends on a plane that is perpendicular to the rotational axis of the expansion chuck. Thus, a large insertion cone is formed, which facilitates placing a tool into the receptacle 6.

(44) FIG. 13 shows a ninth embodiment, which differs from the preceding embodiments in that the soldering surface 42 adjacent to the pressure chamber 11 or, more precisely, the expansion 11E of the pressure chamber 11 constitutes an extension of the pressure chamber 11, when seen the axial direction and in cross-sectional view, i.e., it extends in the axial direction from the pressure chamber to the end face at the front end 3 of the expansion chuck. However, the connecting section 34 is again displaced outward in the axial direction against the clamping section 30 of the expansion sleeve 10, so that the clamping section 30 first merges into the curved transition segment 32, which then connects to the connecting section. This embodiment thus also ensures that the clamping section 30 near the clamping point 50 is not immediately supported by the base body 9, but can yield elastically in order to reduce the notch effect.