THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL SYSTEM MADE FROM SPHERICAL JOINTS AND BEAMS

Abstract

Disclosed is a system of spherical joints and tubular beams that interconnect to make a spatial reticulate construction based on geometries composed of basic tetrahedral and semi-tetrahedral modules. The joint includes two equal semispherical caps symmetrically organized around a central plate with four or more square fissure sections, joined by a single central screw allowing simultaneous clamping of eight or more hammer terminals at the beam ends. These extremities have a prismatic hammer shape with hexadecagonal base and a multifaceted hemisphere. The frames have a prismatic square section, allowing rotation only in the plane of the board of the joint. The design has a prismatic shape with a square section of multifaceted pole hammer terminals present both on the hammer head and within the caps which eliminates the structural instability that arises in the reticular structure due to the rotation of the beams around the several crux after clamping.

Claims

1. Construction system for reticular spatial structures composed of tubular rods and three-dimensional spherical joints formed by two equal semi-spherical caps (1) between them and arranged symmetrically around a central plate (7 or 15) comprising four internal prismatically shaped cavities with a hexadecagonal base in the central part and sixteen-sided semi-sphere in the lateral parts (3) in correspondence with the four slots mutually orthogonal in the squared section (2) for the insertion and locking of the terminals (4) of the eight or twelve diagonals tubular hammer rods of prismatic shape (12) with a basis hexadecagonal in the central part and sixteen-sided semi-sphere in the lateral parts (12), supported by a square section shank (14) and locked into the positions of 0°, ±22.5, 45°, 67.5°, 90° after tightening with a ‘single central screw (13) along the ‘axis of the node (19). Said rods (11) before tightening rotate freely about the transverse axis (18) of the heads of the hammers (12) and are then locked into place by tightening the central pin into the predetermined angles so as to transform and stabilize the joint hinge into a interlocking joint.

2. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 1, further comprising a cylindrical central plate (7) for the coupling, an 8-rod of the same diameter as the caps (1) which corresponds with each side and on the tooth coupling to four slots, orthogonal to each other, of square section (8) with an angle of 12.5 degrees, for the ‘insertion and subsequent locking of the terminals (4) and of the four horizontal beams (11).

3. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 1, further comprising a cylindrical central plate (15) for the coupling rods (12), of the same diameter as the caps (1), which has, in correspondence to the lower side, four slots with a square section (8) with an angle of 12.5 degrees, and eight slits in correspondence to the upper side, four with angles at 0 degrees (9), and four with angles of 12.5 degrees (2) corresponding to the prismatic cavity with a hexadecagonal base in the central part and sixteen-sided semispherical form on the lateral parts (3) for the insertion of the terminals (4) and the subsequent locking of the four rods stream (11).

4. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 1, wherein the terminal is (4) inserted to the two ends of the rods, consisting of a joining element for joining the tubular rod, by a groove (16) for the coplanar positioning of the two terminals, a central cone for connection to the square section, a prismatic shank with a square base (14), the hammer head with prismatic shape and the hexadecagonal base in the central part and the sixteen-sided semisphere in the lateral parts (12).

5. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 1, further comprising ‘tubular rods of any geometric section (11) provided by guide in its interior and for its entire length (17) to allow the correct matching with the groove (16) present on the terminal (4) and coplanar alignment of the two terminals.

6. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

7. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 2, wherein the terminal is (4) inserted to the two ends of the rods, consisting of a joining element for joining the tubular rod, by a groove (16) for the coplanar positioning of the two terminals, a central cone for connection to the square section, a prismatic shank with a square base (14), the hammer head with prismatic shape and the hexadecagonal base in the central part and the sixteen-sided semisphere in the lateral parts (12).

8. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 3, wherein the terminal is (4) inserted to the two ends of the rods, consisting of a joining element for joining the tubular rod, by a groove (16) for the coplanar positioning of the two terminals, a central cone for connection to the square section, a prismatic shank with a square base (14), the hammer head with prismatic shape and the hexadecagonal base in the central part and the sixteen-sided semisphere in the lateral parts (12).

9. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 2, further comprising ‘tubular rods of any geometric section (11) provided by guide in its interior and for its entire length (17) to allow the correct matching with the groove (16) present on the terminal (4) and coplanar alignment of the two terminals.

10. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 3, further comprising ‘tubular rods of any geometric section (11) provided by guide in its interior and for its entire length (17) to allow the correct matching with the groove (16) present on the terminal (4) and coplanar alignment of the two terminals.

11. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 4, further comprising ‘tubular rods of any geometric section (11) provided by guide in its interior and for its entire length (17) to allow the correct matching with the groove (16) present on the terminal (4) and coplanar alignment of the two terminals.

12. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 2, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

13. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 3, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

14. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 4, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

15. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 5, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

16. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 7, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

17. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 8, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

18. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 9, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

19. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 10, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

20. Construction system for reticular spatial structures according to claim 11, wherein the shape of the hammer head (12) of the terminal (4) and its housing (3) into the caps (1) and (15), are of any polygonal geometrical shape in section (hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, etc.) to increase the friction between the components heads (12) and cavity (3) and allow the rods take multiple positions about the transverse axis (18) of the hammer (12).

Description

[0017] The invention is shown with diagrams which demonstrate assembly.

[0018] FIGS. 1 and 2 represent the diagram of a double layer reticular spatial structure , in plan and elevation

[0019] FIG. 3 represent closed joint axonometry, made up of two spherical caps (1) and a central plate (7), in which eight beams converge and the plan of a spatial reticular structure with semi-tetrahedron double layer (FIGS. 1, 2) with an interposed tetrahedron.

[0020] FIG. 4 represents the exploded diagram of the eight pole joints (11) hidden by two hemispherical caps (1) and a central plate (7) through one single crew (13). The median nut (6) and the external nut (6).

[0021] FIGS. 5 and 6 represents the diagram of a triple layer reticular spatial structure with a semi-tetrahedron base module and an interposed tetrahedron, in plan and elevation

[0022] FIG. 7 represents the twelve convergent beams (11) joint axonometry

[0023] FIG. 8 represents the exploded diagram the twelve beams joint hidden by two hemispherical caps (1), the central plate (15), and the disk (16) through a single screw (13) and the external nuts (6).

[0024] FIG. 9 represents the pole (11) with variable length, diameter and thickness to the extremities of which are fixed, through soldering, screwing, pasting or scraping to the terminals (4) from the hexadecagonal section hammer head in the central part and multifaceted hemispherical in the lateral parts (12) supported by a square section stem (14).

[0025] FIGS. 10, 11 represent the particularity of the pole's terminal (4) fitted with a hammer head with a prismatic hexadecagonal section in the central part and a multifaceted hemisphere in the lateral parts (12) and a support stem with a square parallel-piped shape (14).

[0026] FIG. 12 represents the angular positions of the terminals of the beams after the clamping: 0°, ±22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, 90°.

[0027] FIG. 13 represents the higher and lower view of the central plate (15) within the hexadecagonal form cavities in the central part and a multifaceted hemisphere in the lateral parts (3), arranged orthogonally and at the external part square section fissures with 22.5° angulations (8) and tooth coupling (9);

[0028] FIG. 14 represent the internal and external view of the pole (1) within the hexadecagonal form cavities in the central part and a multifaceted hemisphere in the lateral parts (3), arranged orthogonally and at the external part square section fissures with 67.5° (2) and external recess that lock off the joint (6).