Membraneless Water Electrolysis Method for Significantly Improving Electrolysis Efficiency

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency. The method focuses on enabling more impurities in water to be electrolyzed to produce many electrons and conductive ions, and creating good conditions to increase water electrolysis efficiency. A spacing of a gap reserved between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is designed according to a reasonable minimization principle, and the gap is less than 5 mm and more than 0 mm, thereby benefiting enhancement of electrolysis between the impurities and the water molecules in the water; and in a water electrolysis process, the water can smoothly flow in the gap between the positive and the negative electrodes, and a probability and quantities of the impurities and the water molecules electrolyzed by the positive and the negative electrodes are increased, thereby increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water.

Claims

1. A novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency, focusing on enabling more impurities in water to be electrolyzed to produce electrons and conductive ions, and creating good conditions to increase water electrolysis efficiency while forming electrolytic current to enable more electric energy to be changed into water molecule decomposition energy, comprising: designing a spacing of a gap reserved between a positive electrode and a negative electrodes according to a reasonable minimization principle, and the gap is less than 5 mm and more than 0 mm, thereby benefiting enhancement of electrolysis between the impurities and the water molecules in the water; and designing an area of the gap between the positive and the negative electrodes according to a reasonable maximization principle in a certain space occupied by the electrolysis electrode assembly, so that more impurities and water molecules in the water are repeatedly electrolyzed in the electrode gap; wherein a structure of the electrolysis electrode assembly and installation process conditions thereof have the features as follows: in a water electrolysis process, the water smoothly flows in the gap between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, so that the water electrolyzed in the gap between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is replaced and more impurities and water molecules are repeatedly electrolyzed by the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and probability and quantities of the impurities and the water molecules electrolyzed by the positive electrode and the negative electrode are increased, thereby increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water.

2. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein for the electrolysis electrode assembly, the gap between the positive and the negative electrodes of the electrolysis electrode assembly is smaller than or equal to 1 mm, thereby benefiting enhancement of the electrolysis of the impurities and the water molecules in the water and increase of the water electrolysis efficiency under a certain electrolysis power and a certain electrolysis electrode assembly structure.

3. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis electrode assembly makes daily drinking water and daily water usage into electrolyzed reduced water with an oxidation-reduction potential of a negative value and a hydrogen content more than zero.

4. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein structures of the positive and the negative electrodes in the electrolysis electrode assembly are designed as follows: when natural static water in the electrode gap is electrolyzed to produce fluidity, the water and ions in the electrode gap flow hereby, then more water flows through the gap between the positive and the negative electrodes, and the water electrolyzed in the gap is replaced, so that more impurities and water molecules in the water are repeatedly electrolyzed by current between the positive and the negative electrodes, and the probability and the quantities of the impurities and the water molecules electrolyzed by the positive and the negative electrodes are increased, thereby increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water.

5. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein for the electrolysis electrode assembly, a certain space is reserved outside at two ends of the electrode gap, so that the water smoothly flows in the gap between the positive and the negative electrodes while flowing in the electrolyzed process, thereby increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water.

6. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein for the electrolysis electrode assembly, time of electrolyzing the flowing water in the electrode gap is prolonged in a certain space occupied by the electrolysis electrode assembly by reasonably increasing the area of the electrode gap, so that more impurities and water molecules are repeatedly electrolyzed by the positive and the negative electrodes, and the probability and the quantities of the impurities and the water molecules electrolyzed by the positive and the negative electrodes are increased, thereby increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water.

7. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein for the electrolysis electrode assembly, a water outlet channel of the electrolysis electrode assembly is designed to be narrower than a water inlet channel to appropriately relieve flow velocity of water flowing into the gap of the electrolysis electrodes, so that more impurities and the water molecules are repeatedly electrolyzed by current between the positive and the negative electrodes, and the probability and the quantities of the impurities and the water molecules electrolyzed by the positive and the negative electrodes are increased, thereby increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water.

8. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein under a condition that a wall material and a shape of an electrolytic cell coating the electrolysis electrode assembly are suitable for serving as electrodes, the electrolysis electrode assembly is properly connected to serve as an electrolysis electrode, thereby increasing the area of the gap of the electrolysis electrode and increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water.

9. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis electrode assembly is composed of two electrodes of different polarities; one electrode has a shape of a cylindrical hole, a quantity of cylindrical electrodes is N, and N is equal to or more than 1; notches may not exist or may exist on cylindrical walls, and the cylindrical holed electrodes are mechanically fixed and mutually electrically connected with one another; the other electrode is cylindrical, various columns are mechanically fixed and mutually electrically connected with one another, a quantity of the columns of cylindrical electrodes is M, M is equal to or more than 1, and the columns are hollow or solid and may have or do not have notches; heights of the cylindrical electrodes and the cylindrical electrodes are not limited and are selected according to needs; the cylindrical electrodes and the cylindrical electrodes are correspondingly inserted, that is, each column of the cylindrical electrodes is inserted into each corresponding cylindrical hole, and a gap for electrolyzing the water is reserved between a surface of each correspondingly inserted cylindrical electrode and an opposite surface of each cylindrical holed electrode; the water in the electrode gap flows in an electrolysis operating process; and a certain space is reserved outside at two ends of the electrode gap, so that the water flows in the electrode gap in the electrolyzed process.

10. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis electrode assembly is composed of two groups of cylindrical electrodes of different polarities, each group comprises N cylindrical electrodes, and N ranges from 1 to an arbitrary value; a position of each cylindrical electrode in each group is relatively fixed, the two groups of cylindrical electrodes can be mutually assembled in an inserted manner, and an electrode gap for electrolysis of water and an area of the gap are formed on opposite cylindrical surfaces of each pair of adjacent cylindrical electrodes of different polarities.

11. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein for the electrolysis electrode assembly, a structure of one of the electrodes of different polarities has a shape of E, a structure of the other of the electrodes has a shape of E inverted in left and right, and the E-shaped electrode and the inverted E-shaped electrode form an arched electrode gap in a concave-convex insertion manner; and N E-shaped electrodes are stacked and inserted with N stacked inverted E-shaped electrodes in a concave-convex manner to form a plurality of connected arched electrode gaps and gap areas, and N ranges from 1 to an arbitrary value.

12. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis electrode assembly is composed of two groups of N electrode plates of different polarities, and N ranges from 1 to an arbitrary value; and the two groups of electrode plates are mutually assembled in an inserted manner, and an electrode gap and a gap area are formed between opposite plate surfaces of each pair of adjacent electrode plates of different polarities.

13. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis electrode assembly increases the electrolysis efficiency by adopting a design that the positive and the negative electrodes have unequal areas, and the unequal areas of the positive and the negative electrodes are reflected as follows: the area of the positive electrode is larger than the area of the negative electrode, or vice versa; and a horizontal projection of an electrode plate in a high-level position is equal to or smaller than a horizontal projection of an electrode plate in a low-level position, thereby increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water.

14. The novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the electrodes of the electrolysis electrode assembly are activated carbon or ceramics or other electrodes capable of releasing trace substances in the process of water electrolysis, and can contribute to increasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] FIG. 1A-B are implementation apparatus of a novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0044] FIG. 2 is an implementation apparatus of a novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0045] FIG. 3 is an implementation apparatus of a novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency in embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0046] FIG. 4 is an implementation apparatus of a novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency in embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0047] FIG. 5 is an implementation apparatus of a novel membrane-less water electrolysis method for obviously increasing electrolysis efficiency in embodiment 5 of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Basic structures and basic operating principles of embodiments are summarized in combination with drawings 1-5 in embodiments 1-5 as follows:

[0049] 1 and 2 are electrodes of different polarities in an electrolysis electrode assembly; 3 is a gap between electrodes of different polarities, and a spacing of the gap is 0-5 mm; 8 is an electrolytic cell wall (generally a water container shell or a water-through pipe wall, etc.), or can be a shell equipped with the electrolysis electrode assembly; 10 is an inner space of the electrolytic cell; 11 and 12 are respectively nearby spaces outside two ends of the electrode gap; 4 is a communicating gap between the electrode 1 and the electrolytic cell wall 8, and a spacing of the gap is 0-5 mm; 9 is an electrolysis power supply; and 6 and 7 are wires for respectively connecting the electrodes 1 and 2 of different polarities to two power output ports of the electrolysis power supply 9. During an electrolysis operation, the electrode assembly composed of the electrodes 1 and 2 is soaked in to-be-electrolyzed water, the power supply 9 supplies power to the electrodes 1 and 2 through the wires 6 and 7, water in the gap between the electrodes 1 and 2 is electrolyzed by current, and partial impurities and water molecules in the water are electrolyzed to produce water electrolysis indexes. Specific features of each embodiment are respectively described in description.

Embodiment 1

[0050] As shown in FIG. 1A, the present invention is used for electrolyzing running water driven by an external force. An electrolysis electrode assembly is composed of two electrodes 1 and 2 of different polarities. The electrode 1 is holed, the electrode 2 is cylindrical, the electrodes 1 and 2 can be correspondingly inserted, columns of the cylindrical electrode 2 are inserted into corresponding holes of the holed electrode, and an electrolysis gap 3 is reserved between a cylindrical surface and a holed surface and is tubular. FIG. 1 schematically shows the gap 3 formed by three cylindrical electrodes and the holed electrode. A spacing of the gap can be selected in a certain range as needed, such as a range less than 5 mm to more than 0 mm. When necessary, the spacing of the gap 3 can be a smaller value, i.e. equal to or less than 1 mm, so that an electrolysis effect of water and impurities in the water is enhanced. When raw water with low conductivity, such as purified water, distilled water and the like, needs to be electrolyzed by an apparatus, high water electrolysis efficiency and indexes can be obtained. A probability and quantities of electrolyzed impurities and water molecules is in direct proportion to an area of the gap under a condition that the distance of the gap of the electrodes is constant, so the electrolysis efficiency can be improved by maximizing the area of the spacing 3. In FIG. 1, the electrolytic cell wall 8 is a material suitable for serving as an electrolysis electrode, is connected to the electrolysis power supply via the wire 7 to become part of the electrode 2, and forms an electrolysis gap 4 with the electrode 1, thereby enhancing the electrolysis effect of the apparatus; 11 and 12 are respectively a lower space and an upper space of the electrolytic cell 10, and when the spaces 11 and 12 are designed with a certain volume, the water in the electrode gap is helped to smoothly flow. Since hydrogen and oxygen are produced after the water molecules in the gap are electrolyzed and decomposed in the water electrolysis process, and hydrogen and oxygen bubbles upwards ascend along the gap so as to drive the water in the gap 3 to flow upwards and then flow out of the space 12 from an upper port of the gap 3, the water continuously flows into the electrode gap for supplementing from an outside of a lower port of the gap 3, i.e. the space 11. Apparently, if the 11 and 12 are too narrow, liquidity of the water in the electrode gap may be influenced, thereby decreasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water. In conclusion, the small spacing and large area of the gap 3 are reasonably selected, a certain liquidity of the water in the gap 3 is met, and technical solutions that coordinate and simultaneously consider the three aspects can obviously increased the electrolysis efficiency. Since the apparatus is used for electrolyzing the running water, generally speaking, if the spaces 11 and 12 outside the ports of the gap 3 are open enough, the liquidity of the water in the gap may be easily met. A remarkable point is another problem which may cause a decrease of the water electrolysis efficiency as follows: if flow velocity of the running water flowing into the electrolytic cell is too high, flow velocity of the water flowing through the electrode gap will also be too high, so that the electrolysis efficiency may be decreased. Therefore, when the apparatus is applied to electrolyzing the running water with too high flow velocity, a design of properly decreasing the flow velocity of a water flow in the electrolytic cell can be adopted on the basis of meeting a flow need of the apparatus. A simpler solution is as follows: a water outlet of the electrolytic cell 10 is designed to be obviously narrower than a water inlet. For example, in FIG. 1, assuming that the space 11 is a water inlet of the electrolytic cell 8 and the space 12 is a water outlet of the electrolytic cell 8, the space 12 is designed to be a little narrower than the space 11, so that the flow velocity of the water flowing through the electrolytic cell is decreased, while the flow velocity of the water entering the electrode gap is naturally properly decreased, thereby prolonging time of electrolyzing the water in the gap and enhancing the electrolysis effect of the water. Certainly, as mentioned before, the space 12 shall not be too narrow, otherwise a certain liquidity needed by the water in the gap 3 is influenced, and the electrolysis efficiency and water electrolysis indexes may be decreased.

[0051] As shown in FIG. 1B, the present invention is used for electrolyzing conditions of natural static water in the electrolytic cell 10. Compared with FIG. 1A, a difference is only that the electrolytic cell is designed to have a bottom 13. Unnecessary details for the parts described in FIG. 1A are avoided. The space 11 is positioned between the bottom 13 of the electrolytic cell and a bottom of the electrolysis electrode assembly, and when the spaces 11 and 12 are designed with a certain volume, the water in the electrode gap is helped to smoothly flow. Since hydrogen and oxygen are produced after the water molecules in the gap are electrolyzed and decomposed in the water electrolysis process, and hydrogen and oxygen bubbles upwards ascend along the gap so as to drive the water in the gap 3 to flow upwards and then flow out of the space 12 from an upper port of the gap 3, the water continuously flows into the electrode gap for supplementing from an outside of a lower port of the gap 3, i.e. the space 11, while the water in the electrolytic cell spaces 12 and 10 supplements the 11 from the gap 4 or 3. In a flowing process of the water in the gap, the impurities and the water molecules in the water will be repeatedly electrolyzed by electrolysis current in the gap. By repeatedly cycling, the water in the electrolytic cell will repeatedly flow into the electrode gap and will be repeatedly electrolyzed, thereby continuously enhancing the electrolysis effect. Apparently, if the 11 and 12 are too narrow, liquidity of the water in the electrode gap may be influenced, thereby decreasing the electrolysis efficiency of the water. In conclusion, the small spacing and large area of the gap 3 are reasonably selected, a certain liquidity of the water in the gap 3 is met, and the technical solutions that coordinate and simultaneously consider the three aspects can obviously increase the electrolysis efficiency.

[0052] Refer to related test data in Table 3 and Table 4 for indexes of the experimental device:

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Experimental detection data of natural static water (direct drinking water) in a water electrolysis container in the present embodiment Structural characteristics Gap between the positive and the negative electrodes = 0.4 mm (water between the positive and the negative electrodes flows Test items smoothly in the electrolysis process) Reduced ORP (mv) −978 water Hydrogen 1062 indexes content (ppb) Electrolysis 0.7 current (A) Notes: electrolysis voltage of 8 V, time of 1 minute, normal temperature, and raw water: ORP = +347 mv and hydrogen content = 0. It can be seen that the method in the present invention can enable the hydrogen content in the electrolyzed water to be close to an industry-recognized high level of a water saturated hydrogen content of 1.2-1.6 ppm, which is extremely high electrolysis efficiency unattainable in the current isolating-membrane-less water electrolysis technology. When a cup of direct drinking water of about 350 ml is electrolyzed by a general isolating-membrane-less electrolysis method, the ORP reaches about −600 mv, the hydrogen content reaches about 600 ppb, and the needed electrolysis time is 8-10 minutes, while the same indexes can be reached within only 10 seconds by adopting the novel method for increasing the water electrolysis efficiency in the present invention. If the indexes are converted into comparable power for comparison, the water electrolysis efficiency is increased by dozens of times and even more than one hundred times or higher.

[0053] According to the novel electrolysis method for obviously increasing water electrolysis efficiency in the present invention, an experiment for making the reduced water by electrolyzing the running water driven by the external force at a time shows as follows: the obtained water electrolysis efficiency is particularly obviously increased, and the water electrolysis indexes can reach and even exceed those of the existing isolating-membrane water electrolysis machines of famous brands. Related test data is listed in Table 2:

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Experimental detection data of the novel water electrolysis method applied to electrolyzing the direct-drinking running water Structural characteristics Gap between the positive and the negative electrodes = 0.4 mm An existing water electrolysis (water between the positive and machine of a certain brand the negative electrodes flows adopting the isolating membrane Test items smoothly in the electrolysis process) technology in the market Reduced ORP (mv) −926 −810 water Hydrogen 962 798 indexes content (ppb) Electrolysis 0.8 current (A) Power 4.8 W 200 W Notes: electrolysis voltage of 6 V, normal temperature, and raw water: ORP = +368 mv and hydrogen content = 0. The detection data shows that the electrolysis efficiency of the water electrolysis technology is dozens of times that of an existing water electrolysis machine adopting the isolating membrane technology in a market.

Embodiment 2

[0054] As shown in FIG. 2, the electrolysis electrode assembly is composed of two groups of cylindrical electrodes 1 and 2 of different polarities, each group comprises N cylindrical electrodes, N ranges from 1 to an arbitrary value, and N is equal to 3 as shown in FIG. 2; positions of three cylindrical electrodes in each group are relatively fixed, the two groups of three cylindrical electrodes can be mutually assembled in an inserted manner, and an electrode gap 3 for electrolysis of water and an area of the gap are formed on opposite cylindrical surfaces of each pair of adjacent cylindrical electrodes of different polarities. Totally 7 electrode gaps 3 exist in the FIG. 2. The gap 4 generally can be 0 mm. For significances of the designs of properly maximizing areas of the gaps between the electrodes of different polarities and properly minimizing the spacing of the gaps for increasing the water electrolysis efficiency, and special design solutions and description thereof for respectively increasing the water electrolysis efficiency under two conditions of electrolysis of the running water and the natural static water, refer to related contents in embodiment 1.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Experimental detection data of the novel water electrolysis method shown in FIG. 3 applied to electrolyzing the direct drinking water in the container Structural characteristics Gap between the positive and the negative electrodes = 0.4 mm (water between the positive and the negative electrodes flows Test items smoothly in the electrolysis process) Reduced ORP (mv) −1273 water Hydrogen 1325 indexes content (ppb) Electrolysis 1.2 current (A) Notes: electrolysis voltage of 9 V, normal temperature, electrolysis time of 1 minute, and raw water: ORP = +481 mv and hydrogen content = 0.

Embodiment 3

[0055] As shown in FIG. 3, in the electrolysis electrode assembly, a structure of one of the electrodes of different polarities, i.e. 1, has a shape of E, a structure of the other of the electrodes, i.e. 2, has a shape of E inverted in left and right, and the E-shaped electrode and the inverted E-shaped electrode form an arched electrode gap 3 in a concave-convex insertion manner; and N E-shaped electrodes can be stacked, can be inserted with N stacked inverted E-shaped electrodes in a concave-convex manner to form a plurality of connected arched electrode gaps and gap areas thereof, and N ranges from 1 to an arbitrary value. The gap 4 generally can be 0 mm. For significances of the designs of properly maximizing areas of the gaps between the electrodes of different polarities and properly minimizing the spacing of the gaps for increasing the water electrolysis efficiency, and special design solutions and description thereof for respectively increasing the water electrolysis efficiency under two conditions of electrolysis of the running water and the natural static water, refer to the related contents in embodiment 1.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 Experimental detection data of the novel water electrolysis method shown in FIG. 3 applied to electrolyzing the direct-drinking running water at a time Structural characteristics Gap between the positive and the negative electrodes = 0.4 mm (water between the positive and the negative electrodes flows Test items smoothly in the electrolysis process) Reduced ORP (mv) −833 water Hydrogen 857 indexes content (ppb) Electrolysis 1.5 current (A)

Embodiment 4

[0056] As shown in FIG. 4, the electrolysis electrode assembly is composed of two groups of N electrode plates 1 and 2 of different polarities, and N ranges from 1 to an arbitrary value; and the two groups of electrode plates 1 and 2 are mutually assembled in an inserted manner, an electrode gap 3 and a gap area are formed between opposite plate surfaces of each pair of adjacent electrode plates of different polarities, and FIG. 4 schematically shows five electrode gaps 3. For significances of the designs of properly maximizing areas of the gaps between the electrodes of different polarities and properly minimizing the spacing of the gaps for increasing the water electrolysis efficiency, and special design solutions and description thereof for respectively increasing the water electrolysis efficiency under two conditions of electrolysis of the running water and the natural static water, refer to related contents in embodiment 1.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 Experimental detection data of the novel water electrolysis method shown in FIG. 4 applied to electrolyzing the direct-drinking running water at a time Structural characteristics Gap between the positive and the negative electrodes = 0.4 mm (water between the positive and the negative electrodes flows Test items smoothly in the electrolysis process) Reduced ORP (mv) −911 water Hydrogen 837 indexes content (ppb) Electrolysis 1.5 current (A) Notes: electrolysis voltage of 9 V, normal temperature, and raw water: ORP = +406 mv and hydrogen content = 0.

Embodiment 5

[0057] As shown in FIG. 5, a horizontal projection of the electrode plate 1 in a high-level position is smaller than a horizontal projection of the electrode plate 2 in a low-level position, and the bubbles escaping from the gap 3 between the electrodes 1 and 2 can directly ascend along edges of the electrodes to promote the water in the gap to flow, thereby obtaining high electrolysis efficiency. On the contrary, the experiment proves that: if an area of the electrode 1 is greater than an area of the electrode 2, the bubbles escaping from the gap will be blocked by part of the area of the electrode 1 exceeding that of the electrode 2, so the bubbles are gathered to hinder flow of the bubbles and the water in the gap, thereby decreasing the water electrolysis efficiency. Experimental detection data under the condition that the two electrodes have unequal areas is listed in FIG. 7. Accuracy of the above analysis is proved, and the liquidity of the water in the electrode gap is proved to have significances on the electrolysis efficiency and indexes in the electrolysis process. With respect to significances of the designs of properly maximizing areas of the gaps between the positive and the negative electrodes and minimizing the spacing of the gaps for increasing the water electrolysis efficiency, and special design requirements and description for respectively increasing the water electrolysis efficiency under two conditions of electrolysis of the running water and the natural static water, refer to the related contents in embodiment 1. For significances of the designs of properly maximizing areas of the gaps between the electrodes of different polarities and properly minimizing the spacing of the gaps for increasing the water electrolysis efficiency, and special design solutions and description thereof for respectively increasing the water electrolysis efficiency under two conditions of electrolysis of the running water and the natural static water, refer to the related contents in embodiment 1.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7 Experimental detection data of the water electrolysis apparatus of different electrode structures shown in FIG. 2 in the present method and the non-present method Structural characteristics An area positioned at the upper An area of the electrode 1 is electrode is smaller than an area smaller than an area of the positioned at the lower electrode in electrode 2 (water between FIG. 2A (water between the positive the positive and the negative and the negative electrodes flows electrodes does not flow Test items smoothly in the electrolysis process) smoothly in the electrolysis process) Reduced ORP (mv) −553 −294 water Hydrogen 585 351 indexes content (ppb) Electrolysis 0.8 0.8 current (A) Notes: electrolysis voltage of 10 V, normal temperature direct-drinking water, and raw water: ORP = +381 mv and hydrogen content = 0.