Use of <i>Pulsatilla chinensis </i>extract in the preparation of drugs for treatment of viral and/or bacterial diseases

Abstract

Disclosed are uses of a Pulsatilla saponin compound B4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing a drug for treating viral and/or bacterial diseases. The Pulsatilla saponin compound B4 disclosed by the invention shows a strong biological activity, and efficiently treats endometritis, footrot, feline parvovirus, canine parvovirus, canine distemper, canine kidney failure, and canine acute nephritis. ##STR00001##

Claims

1. A method of treating cow endometritis or cow foot rot disease, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition to a subject in need thereof, wherein the composition consists of compound anemoside B4 of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: ##STR00003##

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composition is administered by intramuscular, intrauterine, or intravenus injection when treating cow endometritis.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composition is administered by subcutaneous injection, intravenus injection, or pulvis when treating cow foot rot disease.

4. A method of treating canine parvovirus disease or feline parvovirus disease, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition to a subject in need thereof, wherein the composition consists of compound anemoside B4 of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

5. A method of treating canine distemper, canine renal failure, or canine acute nephritis, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition to a subject in need thereof, wherein the composition consists of compound anemoside B4 of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE

(1) FIG. 1 shows the standard curve for the content determination of anemoside B4.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Preparation of the Compound According to the Present Invention

(2) 100 kg Pulsatilla chinensis was added 70% ethanol (1/10, V/V), heated under reflux, and extracted 2 times. The extracting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure at 75° C., and then centrifuged at 4000 r/min for 10 min. The supernatant was passed through polar macroporous adsorption resin column, successively eluting with water, 30% ethanol and 70% ethanol. The part eluted with 70% ethanol was concentrated at 75° C. under reduced pressure, then spray-dried to obtain the total saponin extract of P. chinensis (3450 g). The resultant extract was dissolved in water and filtered. The filtrate was subjected to Dynamic axial preparative chromatographic system (packed with 10 μm ODS) and eluted with 50% methanol. The corresponding eluent was collected according to the chromatographic peaks. After concentrated under reduced pressure, anemoside B4 (1700 g) was obtained followed by freeze-drying.

Example 2

Content Determination of the Compound According to the Present Invention

(3) 1. Apparatus and Tested Drugs

(4) Agilent 1260 HPLC apparatus and DAD UV detector were purchased from Agilent Technology (China) Co., Ltd. BP211D electronic analytical balance was purchased from Sartorius Company (Germany). KQ-400DB numerical control ultrasonic cleaner was purchased from Kunshan Ultrasonic Instrument Co., Ltd.

(5) Sample of anemoside B4, prepared in example 1.

(6) Reference substance of anemoside B4 (Lot No. 111766-201702; content: 94.7%), purchased from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control.

(7) 2. Chromatographic Conditions

(8) Chromatographic column: Sepax Bio-C18 (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: MeOH—H.sub.2O (64:36); detection wavelength 201 nm; flow rate 1.0 ml/min.

(9) 3. Preparation of Reference Solution

(10) Reference substance of anemoside B4 was accurately weighed and put into a 10 mL volumetric flask, to which was added mobile phase to dissolve, and then the mobile phase was added to the scale, to obtain the reference solution (1 mg anemoside B4/1 mL).

(11) 4. Preparation of Sample Solution

(12) Anemoside B4 (10 mg) prepared in example 1 was accurately weighed and put into a 10 mL volumetric flask, to which was added mobile phase to dissolve, and then the mobile phase was added to the scale, to obtain the sample solution.

(13) 5. Determination Method

(14) 20 μL of reference solution and sample solution was accurately measured, respectively, and injected into liquid chromatograph, to record the chromatogram and calculate the content according to external standard method.

(15) 6. Standard Curve and Linear Regression Equation

(16) Reference substance of anemoside B4 was accurately weighed and put into a 10 mL volumetric flask, to which was added mobile phase to dissolve, and then the mobile phase was added to the scale, to obtain the reference solutions at concentrations of 1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, and 20 mg/mL. 20 μL of each solution was accurately measured and injected into the liquid chromatograph, to record the chromatogram.

(17) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Linear regression equation for content determination of anemoside B4 Concentration Regression Sample (mg/mL) Peak area equation 1 0.98488 115.7 Y = 100.07 + 10.721 2 4.92440 529.5 R = 0.9999 3 9.84880 1057.8 4 14.77320 1560.3 5 19.69760 2097.9

(18) According to the results, the linear relationship of anemoside B4 was good in the concentration range of 1.0˜20.80 mg/mL (r=0.9999), which was suitable for the content determination of anemoside B4.

(19) 7. The Content Determination for Sample of Anemoside B4

(20) According to the method described in “3” above, two parts of reference substances of anemoside B4, 10 mg each, were accurately weighed and put into 10 mL volumetric flasks, respectively, to which was added mobile phase to dissolve, and then the mobile phase was added to the scale, to obtain the reference solution 1 and the reference solution 2.

(21) According to the method described in “4” above, two parts of samples of anemoside B4, 10 mg each, were accurately weighed and put into 10 mL volumetric flasks, respectively, to which was added mobile phase to dissolve, and then the mobile phase was added to the scale, to obtain the sample solution 1 and the sample solution 2.

(22) According to above chromatographic conditions, 20 μL of each solution was precisely measured and injected into the liquid chromatograph, to record the chromatogram.

(23) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Determination results for the content of sample of anemoside B4 Peak Concentration Content Average Sample Amount (mg) area (mg/mL) (%) content (%) Reference 10.22 1039.6 0.968 // // solution 1 1044.4 Reference 10.05 1025.6 0.952 // // solution 2 1022.5 Sample 10.13 1081.8 1.013 99.7 99.4 solution 1 1092.6 Sample 10.10 1075.1 1.010 99.1 solution 2 1079.2

(24) According to the experimental results, the content of anemoside B4 obtained in this experiment was 99.4%.

Example 3

Preparation of Anemoside B4 Injection According to the Present Invention

(25) 1) Formula: 1000 mL injection was prepared by adding water to 50 g anemoside B4.

(26) 2) Preparative method: 50 g anemoside B4 prepared in example 1 was weighed and added 800 mL water for injection to dissolve it completely. The solution was filtered and adjusted to pH 7.0, to which was then added injectable water to 1000 mL. The resultant solution was finely filtered, filled, sealed, and sterilized at 100° C. for 30 min, to obtain the injection.

Example 4

Preparation of Anemoside B4 Pulvis According to the Present Invention

(27) 1) Formula: 1000 g anemoside B4 was prepared as 1000 g pulvis.

(28) 2) Preparative method: 1000 g anemoside B4 prepared in example 1 was weighed, crushed into fine powder, passed through 100 mesh sieve, and mixed well, to obtain the pulvis.

Example 5

Preparation of Anemoside B4 Intrauterine Injection According to the Present Invention

(29) 1) Formula: 50 g anemoside B4 was prepared as 1000 mL intrauterine injection.

(30) 2) Preparative method: 50 g anemoside B4 prepared in example 1 was weighed and added with distilled water (800 mL) to dissolve it completely. The solution was filtered and adjusted to pH 7.0, to which was then added distilled water to 1000 mL. The resultant solution was finely filtered, filled, sealed, and sterilized at 100° C. for 30 min, to obtain the intrauterine injection.

(31) The beneficial effect of the present invention was illustrated by means of experimental examples.

Experimental Example 1

Experiment on Endometritis

(32) 1. Test Drugs

(33) Anemoside B4 injection prepared in example 3, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL; Anemoside B4 intrauterine injection prepared in example 5, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL.

(34) Positive drug: doxycycline hydrochloride intrauterine injection (24 g/injection, produced by Zhengzhou Bairui Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., batch No.: 170901).

(35) 2. Test Animals

(36) 130 cows with disease were randomly divided into 13 groups, 10 cows for each group.

(37) The cows selected in this experiment were all those with clinical endometritis. During the experiment, the temperature, spirit and diet of the cows were normal.

(38) 3. Dosage and Mode of Administration

(39) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Dosage and mode of administration Administration dosage Administration Groups (mL/time) mode Blank control group Physiological / saline Positive drug group 1 Intrauterine infusion Low-dose group for intramuscular 10 intramolecular injection of anemoside B4 injection Medium-dose group for intramuscular 20 intramolecular injection of anemoside B4 injection High-dose group for intramuscular 30 intramolecular injection of anemoside B4 injection Low-dose group for intravenous 20 intravenous injection of anemoside B4 injection Medium-dose group for intravenous 40 intravenous injection of anemoside B4 injection High-dose group for intravenous 60 intravenous injection of anemoside B4 injection Low-dose group for intrauterine 10 intrauterine injection of anemoside B4 injection Medium-dose group for intrauterine 20 intrauterine injection of anemoside B4 injection High-dose group for intrauterine 30 intrauterine injection of anemoside B4 injection

(40) Administration by intramolecular injection: Administrating anemoside B4 by intramulscular injection, twice per day, one in the morning and another in the evening, for successive four days;

(41) Administration by intrauterine infusion: administrating anemoside B4 and positive drug doxycycline hydrochloride by intrauterine infusion, once every other day, for 4 times.

(42) A blank control group was set up in different administration routes, and the same dose of normal saline was administered.

(43) 4. The Criteria for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Effect of Endometritis

(44) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 The criteria for diagnosis and therapeutic effect of endometritis Type of Criteria for endometritis Diagnostic criteria judging therapeutic effect Clinical Frequently occurring 7-25 days After 3 courses of treatment, endometritis after childbirth, with loss of the secretion of the uterus appetite, decreasing in milk was clear or slightly white, production, temperature rising, without pus and obvious mental depression, roachback, clinical symptoms, and the tail-lifting, abdomen- uterus returned to normal contracting, often having contractive response. The urination posture; mucinous or successful mating within 3 purulent exudate discharging estrous periods after delivery through the vulva, sometimes was effective; mixed with blood; when lying After 3 courses of treatment, down, more exudate flocculent fragments or pus discharging, accompanied by were still mixed in the fishy smell. Through rectal excreta of uterus, and the palpation, the cervix was not clinical symptoms did not completely closed, and the size disappear. Incomplete of the uterus failed to return to palpation contraction of normal. uterus or thick and hard uterine horn were uneffective. subclinical The vaginal and cervical After 3 courses of treatment, endometritis mucosa of cows were the uterine contraction was congested and swollen, normal, the secretion was secretion was discharged, and clear or slightly white, odor was emitted. Direct without abscess, and the examination showed that the clinical symptoms of sick cervix mouth was incomplete, cows disappeared, and the damaged and proliferated, the pregnancy was effective in uterine wall was thickened, the three estrous periods; morphology of uterine horn After 3 courses of treatment, was changed, and the uterine flocculent debris or abscess body was drooping. The were mixed in the excreta palpation lead to pain. of uterus. The clinical symptoms did not disappear, and the incomplete uterine contraction by palpation was invalid.
5. Experimental Results

(45) The experimental results of anemoside B4 for treatment of cow clinical endometritis are shown in Table 5

(46) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 The experimental results of anemoside B4 for treatment of cow clinical endometritis by intramulscular injection (x ± SD, n = 10) Pregnancy Mean rate time of in three first estrous estrus periods after after medication Oestrus delivery Groups Parity (day) rate (%) (%) Blank control group 2.2 ± 0.5 22 ± 5.1 35  31  Positive drug group 2.6 ± 0.6 26 ± 6.6 58* 50* Low-dose group for 2.4 ± 0.8 27 ± 5.8 54  42  intramulscular injection of anemoside B4 injection Medium-dose group for 2.6 ± 0.4 26 ± 4.6 60  52  intramulscular injection of anemoside B4 injection High-dose group for 2.7 ± 0.6 25 ± 5.5 65* 56* intramulscular injection of anemoside B4 injection Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05.

(47) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 The experimental results of anemoside B4 injection for treatment of cow clinical endometritis by intravenus injection (x ± SD, n = 10) Pregnancy Mean rate time of in three first estrous estrus periods after Oestrus after medication rate delivery Groups Parity (day) (%) (%) Blank control group 2.2 ± 0.5 22 ± 5.1 35  31  Positive drug group 2.6 ± 0.6 26 ± 6.6 58* 50* Low-dose group for 2.5 ± 0.5 27 ± 6.4 57  46  intravenous injection of anemoside B4 Medium-dose group 2.6 ± 0.7 26 ± 4.3 63  52  for intravenous injection of anemoside B4 High-dose group 2.7 ± 0.4 24 ± 5.2 68* 58* for intravenous injection of anemoside B4 Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05.

(48) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 The experimental results of anemoside B4 for treatment of cow clinical endometritis by intrauterine infusion (x ± SD, n = 10) Pregnancy Mean rate time of in three first estrous estrus periods after Oestrus after medication rate delivery Groups Parity (day) (%) (%) blank control group 2.2 ± 0.5 22 ± 5.1 35  31  positive drug group 2.6 ± 0.6 26 ± 6.6 58* 50* Low-dose group for 2.5 ± 0.8 25 ± 5.4 64  52  intrauterine infusion of anemoside B4 Medium-dose group 2.7 ± 0.5 24 ± 7.3 74* 70* for intrauterine infusion of anemoside B4 High-dose group 2.9 ± 0.3 23 ± 6.2 78* 75* for intrauterine infusion of anemoside B4 Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05. According to the experimental results, after administration, in the high-dose group for intramulscular injection of anemoside B4 injection, the high-dose group for intravenus injection of anemoside B4 injection, the medium-dose group for intrauterine infusion of anemoside B4, and the high-dose group for intrauterine infusion of anemoside B4, as well as the positive drug group, the estrus rate of cows and the conception rate in three estrous periods after delivery were significantly higher than that of the blank control group, indicating that anemoside B4 has a significant effect in the treatment of clinical endometritis, and it is superior to the doxycycline hydrochloride uterine injection.

Experimental Example 2

Experiment on Foot Rot Disease

(49) 1. Test Drugs

(50) Anemoside B4 injection prepared in example 3, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL; Anemoside B4 pulvis prepared in example 4, with a content of 99.4%.

(51) Positive drug: Penicillin powder (North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).

(52) 2. Test Animals

(53) 130 cows with foot rot disease were randomly divided into 13 groups, 10 cows for each group.

(54) 3. Dosage and Mode of Administration

(55) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Table 3 Dosage and mode of administration Dosage and mode of administration Dose of Mode of Groups administration administration Blank control group Physiological / saline Positive drug group 1.60 × 10.sup.6 units External application Low-dose group for subcutaneous 5 mL Subcutaneous injection of anemoside B4 injection injection Medium-dose group for subcutaneous 10 mL Subcutaneous injection of anemoside B4 injection injection High-dose group for subcutaneous 15 mL Subcutaneous injection of anemoside B4 injection injection Low-dose group for intravenus 20 mL intravenus injection of anemoside B4 injection injection Medium-dose group for intravenus 40 mL intravenus injection of anemoside B4 injection injection High-dose group for intravenus 60 mL intravenus injection of anemoside B4 injection injection Low-dose group for anemoside 0.5 g External B4 pulvis application Medium-dose group for anemoside 1.0 g External B4 pulvis application High-dose group for anemoside 1.5 g External B4 pulvis application

(56) Administration by subcutaneous injection: anemoside B4 injection was administered subcutaneously in the affected limbs once a day for 4 days.

(57) Administration by intravenus injection: anemoside B4 injection was administered by intravenous injection once a day for 4 days.

(58) Administration by external application: anemoside B4 pulvis and the positive drug penicillin powder were administered by bandaging, once every other day, for a total of 4 times. The wound was rinsed with 5% KMnO.sub.4 solution, and the necrotic tissue was removed until blood oozed out. The powder was applied on the wound, and then wrapped with 8-10 layers of sterile gauze.

(59) A blank control group was set up in different administration ways, and the same dose of normal saline was administered.

(60) 4. Symptoms and Treatment Evaluation Criteria of Cows with Foot Rot Disease

(61) 4.1 Symptoms of Cows with Foot Rot Disease

(62) Cows with hoof rot disease prefer to lie down, stand up for a short time, are unwilling to fully land their hoofs, feel pain in the affected limbs, and limp; in an acute attack, the crown of the hoof and the surface between toes became irritated, swollen, sensitive, warm, and painful when tapping or pressing the affected area. Afterwards, the wound can be seen. After the wound is enlarged, black decaying liquid flows out, and an ulcer surface is formed between the toes, which is covered with foul-smelling necrosis. The affected cow loses appetite, gradually loses weight, has coarse back hair, and reduces milk production.

(63) 4.2 Treatment Evaluation Criteria

(64) Complete cure: the spirit, diet, and body temperature of the affected cow return to normal; the clinical symptoms in the affected area disappear completely, and lactation becomes normal. Clinical cure: the spirit, diet, and body temperature of the affected cow return to normal; the clinical symptoms in the affected area basically disappear, and lactation basically become normal. Invalid: The clinical symptoms in the affected area are not significantly improved or even worsened, or they recur within two weeks of stopping the drug, and both are considered uneffective. The total number of cured cows is the sum of the number of completely cured cows and the number of clinically cured cows.

(65) 5. Experimental Results

(66) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 The experimental results of anemoside B4 injection for treatment of cow foot rot disease by subcutaneous injection (x ± SD, n = 10) Total Milk production number of (daily Groups cured cows yield) kg/cow Blank control group 1 14.8 ± 2.2  Positive drug group 7 21.2 ± 1.3  Low-dose group for subcutaneous injection 5 20.4 ± 1.9  of anemoside B4 injection Medium-dose group for subcutaneous 7 22.1 ± 1.6  injection of anemoside B4 injection High-dose group for subcutaneous injection 8 25.6 ± 2.8* of anemoside B4 injection Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05.

(67) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 The experimental results of anemoside B4 injection for treatment of cow foot rot disease by intravenus injection (x ± SD, n = 10) Total Milk production number of (daily Group cured cows yield) kg/cow Blank control group 1 14.8 ± 2.2 Positive drug group 7 21.2 ± 1.3 Low-dose group for intravenus injection of 4 18.2 ± 1.4 anemoside B4 injection Medium-dose group for intravenus injection 5 20.8 ± 2.2 of anemoside B4 injection High-dose group for intravenus injection of 6 22.2 ± 1.5 anemoside B4 injection Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05.

(68) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 The experimental results of anemoside B4 pulvis for treatment of cow foot rot disease (x ± SD, n = 10) Total Milk production number of (daily Groups cured cows yield) kg/cow Blank control group 1 14.8 ± 2.2  Positive drug group 7 21.2 ± 1.3  Low-dose group for anemoside B4 pulvis 6 22.6 ± 2.5  Medium-dose group for anemoside B4 8 24.2 ± 1.7* pulvis High-dose group for anemoside B4 pulvis 9 25.9 ± 2.4* Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05.

(69) According to the experimental results, when anemoside B4 was used for treatment of foot rot disease in dairy cows, their mental, diet and body temperature in each treatment group were greatly improved, and milk production also increased. Among them, the high-dose group for anemoside B4 injection by subcutaneous injection, the middle-dose group of anemoside B4 pulvis, and the high-dose group of anemoside B4 pulvis had significantly higher milk production than the blank control group, and the effect was better than that of the positive drug group. The cure rate was above 80%.

Experimental Example 3

Experiment on Canine Parvovirus

(70) 1. Test Drug

(71) Anemoside B4 injection prepared in example 3, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL.

(72) 2. Test Animals

(73) Dogs suffering from canine parvovirus are cases received by various pet hospitals in Chengdu.

(74) 3. Symptoms of Dogs Suffering From Canine Parvovirus

(75) In the early, dogs have high temperature and vomit violently. The vomit changes from white to yellow, and finally to green, with a small amount of blood streak; eyes' conjunctival congestion and tears; liking drinking water and vomiting after drinking; fecal jets are like tomato sauce, smelly and unpleasant; preferring to lie down; the number of white blood cells dropped sharply, together with severe dehydration, heart failure, and shock to death.

(76) 4. Dosage and Mode of Administration

(77) Anemoside B4 injection was intravenously injected, 2 mL/time in low-dose group, 4 mL/time in medium-dose group, 8 mL/time in high-dose group, once a day; anemoside B4 injection was intramuscularly injected, 1 mL/time in low-dose group, 2 mL/time in the middle-dose group, 4 mL/time in the high-dose group, twice a day; the treatment was kept for 14 days.

(78) 5. Experimental Results

(79) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 The research results of anemoside B4 for treatment of canine parvovirus (x ± SD, n = 10) Numbers Body White Mortality treated temperature blood cell rate Groups (dog) (° C.) count (×10.sup.9) (%) Blank control group 10 39.5 ± 0.4  2.1 ± 0.2  90 Low-dose group of 10 39.2 ± 0.5  3.3 ± 0.3  80 intramuscular injection Medium-dose 10 38.4 ± 0.3  4.6 ± 0.8  60 group of intramuscular injection High-dose group of 10 37.8 ± 0.4* 6.2 ± 0.5* 50 intramuscular injection Low-dose group of 10 38.2 ± 0.5* 6.3 ± 0.4* 50 intravenus injection Medium-dose 10 37.6 ± 0.3* 7.6 ±0.6* 40 group of intravenus injection High-dose group of 10 37.4 ± 0.2* 8.2 ± 0.7* 30 intravenus injection Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05. According to the experimental results, anemoside B4 showed a certain therapeutic effect on canine parvovirus. As the increase of the therapeutic dose, the mortality rate of ill dogs presents a decreasing trend.

Experimental Example 4

Experiment on Feline Parvovirus

(80) 1. Test Drug

(81) Anemoside B4 injection prepared in example 3, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL.

(82) 2. Test Animals

(83) Cats suffering from feline parvovirus are cases received by various pet hospitals in Chengdu.

(84) 3. Symptoms of Cats Suffering From Feline Parvovirus

(85) Cats occasionally having fever, severe vomiting, and diarrhea; the stool changing from gray to yellow and finally to milky white, accompanied by jelly-like mucus; stools liking tomato sauce, smelly and unpleasant; having a lying prone; the number of white blood cells dropping sharply, cold limbs, highly depressed spirit, then shock to death.

(86) 4. Dosage and Mode of Administration

(87) Anemoside B4 injection was intravenously injected, 2 mL/time in low-dose group, 4 mL/time in medium-dose group, 8 mL/time in high-dose group, once a day; anemoside B4 injection was intramuscularly injected, 1 mL/time in low-dose group, 2 mL/time in the middle-dose group, 4 mL/time in the high-dose group, twice a day; the treatment was kept for 14 days.

(88) 5. Experimental Results

(89) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 The research results of anemoside B4 for treatment of feline parvovirus (x ± SD, n = 10) Numbers treated White blood cell Mortality rate Groups (cat) count (×10.sup.9) (%) Blank control group 10 2.5 ± 0.4  90 Low-dose group of 10 4.7 ± 0.3  90 intramuscular injection Medium-dose group 10 7.8 ± 0.6* 70 of intramuscular injection High-dose group of 10 9.1 ± 0.5* 50 intramuscular injection Low-dose group of 10 7.7 ± 0.4* 80 intravenus injection Medium-dose group 10 8.8 ± 0.7* 60 of intravenus injection High-dose group of 10 9.3 ± 0.9* 40 intravenus injection Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05. According to the experimental results, anemoside B4 showed a certain therapeutic effect on feline parvovirus, and can significantly reduce the mortality of sick cats and improve the survival rate of sick cats.

Experimental Example 5

Experiment on Treatment of Canine Distemper

(90) 1. Test Drug

(91) Anemoside B4 injection prepared in example 3, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL.

(92) 2. Test Animals

(93) Dogs suffering from canine distemper are cases received by various pet hospitals in Chengdu.

(94) 3. Symptoms of Dogs Suffering From Canine Distemper

(95) According to the clinical symptoms, canine distemper can be divided into early, middle and late stages.

(96) Early stage: the dog is depressed, doesn't like acting and moving, and has a small amount of serous nasal fluid and serous ocular secretions; mid-stage: it is manifested as increased serous nasal fluid and serous ocular secretions, and decreased appetite; late stage: it is manifested as purulent nasal fluid, dry or even cracked nose, mucous secretions on the corners of the mouth, highly depressed spirit, reduced or even annulled appetite, but eager to drink, the body temperature of 39.5° C.˜41.5° C., accelerated breathing, rough breathing sounds, often accompanied by heart rate irregularities, and even vomiting and diarrhea. The vomit is mucus or yellow liquid, while the stool is dark brown or covered with mucus. As the progress of the disease course, dogs with canine distemper often develop secondary bacterial infections due to their decreased resistance.

(97) 4. Dosage and Mode of Administration

(98) Anemoside B4 injection was intravenously injected, 2 mL/time in low-dose group, 4 mL/time in medium-dose group, 8 mL/time in high-dose group, once a day; anemoside B4 injection was intramuscularly injected, 1 mL/time in low-dose group, 2 mL/time in the middle-dose group, 4 mL/time in the high-dose group, twice a day; the treatment was kept for 14 days.

(99) 5. Experimental Results

(100) TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 The research results of anemoside B4 for treatment of canine distemper (x ± SD, n = 10) Numbers treated Groups (dog) Cure (dog) Death (dog) Blank control group 10 1 9 Low-dose group of 10 3 7 intramuscular injection Medium-dose group 10 4 6 of intramuscular injection High-dose group of 10 5 5 intramuscular injection Low-dose group of 10 4 6 intravenus injection Medium-dose group 10 5 5 of intravenus injection High-dose group of 10 6 4 intravenus injection

(101) According to the experimental results, anemoside B4 showed a better therapeutic effect on canine distemper.

Experimental Example 6

Canine Renal Failure

(102) 1. Test Drug

(103) Anemoside B4 injection prepared in example 3, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL.

(104) 2. Test Animals

(105) Dogs suffering from canine distemper are cases received by various pet hospitals in Chengdu city.

(106) 3. Symptoms of Sick Dogs

(107) The sick dog has poor appetite, depression, lethargy, vomiting repeatedly, fetid mouth odor, decreased body temperature, and been vaccinated with a negative CPV test. Blood biochemical tests for urea, creatinine, and inorganic phosphorus are 2 times more than the normal value, and the biochemical indicators of other organs were normal, and the abdominal B-ultrasonic examination of the sick dog showed changes in the size and shape of the kidney.

(108) 4. Dosage and Mode of Administration

(109) Anemoside B4 injection was intravenously injected, 2 mL/time in low-dose group, 4 mL/time in medium-dose group, 8 mL/time in high-dose group, once a day; anemoside B4 injection was intramuscularly injected, 1 mL/time in low-dose group, 2 mL/time in the middle-dose group, 4 mL/time in the high-dose group, twice a day; the treatment was kept for 14 days.

(110) 5. Experimental Results

(111) TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 The research results of anemoside B4 for treatment of canine renal failure (x ± SD, n = 10) Numbers Body Inorganic Mortality treated temperature Urea Creatinine phosphous rate Groups (dog) (° C.) (mmol/L) (μmol/L) (mmol/L) (%) Blank control group 10 37.1 ± 0.4 35.0 ± 0.6  412 ± 41  9.1 ± 0.8  80 Low-dose group of 10 37.8 ± 0.3 20.8 ± 0.5  130 ± 19* 1.6 ± 0.02* 60 intramuscular injection Medium-dose group 10 38.2 ± 0.4 17.5 ± 0.7* 120 ± 26* 2.0 ± 0.03* 50 of intramuscular injection High-dose group of 10 38.5 ± 0.2 14.2 ± 0.4* 100 ± 30* 1.4 ± 0.08* 40 intramuscular injection Low-dose group of 10  38.3 ± 0.5* 11.8 ± 0.6* 117 ± 25* 1.1 ± 0.05* 40 intravenus injection Medium-dose group 10  38.5 ± 0.3*  9.9 ± 0.8* 115 ± 12* 1.5 ± 0.04* 30 of intravenus injection High-dose group of 10  38.6 ± 0.4*  8.7 ± 0.3* 109 ± 20* 0.9 ± 0.06* 20 intravenus injection Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05. According to the experimental results, anemoside B4 showed a certain therapeutic effect on canine renal failure, and as the increase of the therapeutic dose, the mortality of sick dogs presented a decreasing trend.

Experimental Example 7

Canine Acute Nephritis

(112) 1. Test Drug

(113) Anemoside B4 injection prepared in example 3, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL.

(114) 2. Test Animals

(115) Dogs suffering from acute nephritis are cases received by various pet hospitals in Chengdu city.

(116) 3. Symptoms of Sick Dogs

(117) The sick dogs are characterized by loss of appetite, indigestion, depression, and a slight increase in body temperature. On palpation of the kidney area, the dog felt pain, and the frequency of urination increased significantly, but the urine output was small, showing a small amount but multiple times, moreover, dark red hematuria appeared. Urine examination showed positive protein. Microscopic examination of urine sediment showed white blood cells, red blood cells and a large number of renal epithelial cells.

(118) 4. Dosage and Mode of Administration

(119) Anemoside B4 injection was intravenously injected, 2 mL/time in low-dose group, 4 mL/time in medium-dose group, 8 mL/time in high-dose group, once a day; anemoside B4 injection was intramuscularly injected, 1 mL/time in low-dose group, 2 mL/time in the middle-dose group, 4 mL/time in the high-dose group, twice a day; the treatment was kept for 14 days.

(120) 5. Experimental Results

(121) TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 The research results of anemoside B4 for treatment of canine acute nephritis (x ± SD, n = 10) Positive Positive Numbers rate of rate of of Body urine Urine white Mortality treatment temperature protein specific blood cell rate Groups (dog) (° C.) (+++, %) gravity (+++, %) (%) Blank control group 10 39.7 ± 0.3 100 1.220 ± 0.63  100 80 Low-dose group of 10 39.5 ± 0.3 80 1.123 ± 0.01  80 60 intramuscular injection Medium-dose group 10 39.3 ± 0.4 70 1.094 ± 0.04* 80 60 of intramuscular injection High-dose group of 10  39.0 ± 0.2* 60 1.064 ± 0.02* 70 50 intramuscular injection Low-dose group of 10 38.7 ± 0.5 50 1.017 ± 0.25  60 50 intravenus injection Medium-dose group 10  38.8 ± 0.3* 40 1.005 ± 0.09* 40 40 of intravenus injection High-dose group of 10  38.5 ± 0.4* 30 1.003 ± 0.01* 30 30 intravenus injection Note: *denotes the obvious difference compared with the blank control group, p < 0.05. According to the experimental results, anemoside B4 showed a certain therapeutic effect on canine acute nephritis, and as the increase of the therapeutic dose, the mortality of sick dogs presented a decreasing trend.

(122) In summary, anemoside B4 of the present invention has stronger biological activity, and has excellent therapeutic effects on endometritis, foot rot disease, feline parvovirus, canine parvovirus, canine distemper, canine renal failure, and canine acute nephritis.