MOBILE SOLAR CHARGING FACILITY

Abstract

A mobile solar charging facility. The present invention relates to power supply and charging techniques for a mobile electric apparatus during movement, and in particular to such a facility having a combined technique of a solar photovoltaic battery and solar thermal power generation, and matching techniques and extended applications related to light compensation, energy storage, etc. The present invention is aimed at solving the problem of charging an electric vehicle when traveling. A highly cost-effective solar power source is used for power supply. The technical solutions of a contact rail and a collector shoe are used for mobile power supply and charging. An arc extinction circuit and an energy storage super-capacitor are provided in a line, and a safety protection measure is provided. A condenser lens and a compensation lens which can increase a power generation amount and do not need to be tracked as provided for solar power generation.

Claims

1. A mobile solar power supply and charging facility for an electric vehicle, wherein the facility for powering and charging a traveling vehicle is powered by direct current or alternating current, and power is transmitted to a first contact slide rail and a second contact slide rail; a line or rail on a side easy to expose is grounded, and a support for bearing the first and second contact slide rails and a non-ground line or rail are well insulated; a switching collector trolley provided with a traveling collector wheel and a collector shoe of the facility travels on the first contact slide rail and the second contact slide rail; and an electromechanical connecting arm capable of automatically retracting, keeping electrical and mechanical connection with a charging vehicle and provided with an electromagnetic force mechanism is arranged below a middle of the trolley; mechanical connection between the electromechanical connecting arm and the trolley is achieved using a universal joint; the electromechanical connecting arm is provided with a retraction spring mechanism, a recovery wheel rope winder with a clockwork spring, and an interface for power supply and charging; rail lines are arranged above two sides of a road; a point of force at which the trolley is pulled is at a center below the trolley, four wheels at a front part and a rear part of the trolley rotate left and right, with rotation angles limited to 15° and below with a limiting mechanism; a contact rail is in corresponding fit with the wheels at a curve, lower portions of the wheels incline outwards by 5° to 25°, and the rail inclines correspondingly.

2. The mobile solar power supply and charging facility for the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the facility is further provided with a first arc extinction absorption circuit, or a second arc extinction absorption circuit and a super-capacitor power storage device; anti-collision buffer apparatuses are installed at two ends of the switching collector trolley; and the first contact slide rail and the second contact slide rail are also arranged in parallel up and down.

3. The mobile solar power supply and charging facility for the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a solar photovoltaic power generation facility is arranged above a charging line at a side of the road; a solar photovoltaic cell panel is provided with a compensation reflector for increasing solar power generation amount.

4. The mobile solar power supply and charging facility for the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a solar thermal power generation facility is installed beside the road, which is provided with a composite parabola condenser lens for light condensation without electromechanical tracking, a convex type compensation reflector, a heat collector capable of improving a medium temperature, and a heat energy storage apparatus.

5. The mobile solar power supply and charging facility for the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a mechanical and electrical interface matched with the facility and provided with electromagnetic force control and a protection apparatus is installed at a tail of a vehicle to be powered and charged, and the vehicle to be powered and charged is further provided with an arc extinction absorption circuit or.

6. The mobile solar power supply and charging facility for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the line or rail is provided with an apparatus for the switching collector trolley to enter and exit: a cableway is arranged above the line or rail, the trolley which is not used is hung on the cableway, and the trolley needing to be used is placed on the line or rail.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] FIG. 1 is a layout plan of a solar power generation apparatus of a mobile solar charging facility, in the figure: photothermal power generation (101), solar cell panel (102), illumination compensation lens (103), highway median strip (104).

[0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure and support devices of an electromechanical connecting arm, in the figure: electromechanical connecting arm (201), connecting interface (202) with a telescopic protective housing, connecting interface (203) on an electric vehicle, first arc extinction absorption circuit (204), second arc extinction absorption circuit (206), energy storage super-capacitor (205).

[0015] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of mobile power supply and charging work for an electric vehicle, in the figure, first contact slide rail (track) (301), second contact slide rail (track) (311), traveling wheel (may be used as ‘collector wheel’) (302), collector shoe (303), electromechanical connecting arm (304), (collector) trolley (308), recovery wheel rope winder (305), universal joint (306), universal joint (307), lower hollow support (309) for bearing contact slide rail, connecting cable telescopic protective casting (312) linked by the electromechanical connecting arm (304).

[0016] FIG. 4 is a structure, size and effect diagram of a solar photovoltaic power generation panel and compensation lens combination, in the figure, illumination compensation lens (402), illumination-compensated solar cell panel (401), front solar cell panel (403), and center (404) of arc of illumination compensation lens (402).

[0017] FIG. 5 is a structure schematic diagram of a solar thermal system, in the figure, due-south composite lens photothermal assembly (501), westerly composite lens photothermal assembly (502), easterly composite lens photothermal assembly (503), steam pocket (504), first electromagnetic valve (505), second electromagnetic valve (506), third electromagnetic valve (507), fourth electromagnetic valve (508), liquid working medium inlet (509), vapor-state working medium outlet (510), view division (511), top view on the left, and front view on the right.

[0018] FIG. 6 is schematic diagram of a solar thermal condenser lens and a heat collector, in the figure, condenser lens (601), heat collector (602), heat collector (603) capable of improving medium temperature.

[0019] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a heat storage apparatus, in the figure, latent heat substance storage tank (701), heat-carrying medium pipeline (702), latent heat substance (703), sensible heat substance (704), heat-carrying medium main inlet pipe (705), heat-carrying medium main outlet pipe (706), heat storage pool (707).

[0020] FIG. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a mobile solar charging facility.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] By analyzing and drawing on the prior art, improvement measures (urban railways, trolleybuses, subways, electrified railways, high-speed rails, factory mobile power supply techniques and the like) are proposed. A plurality of electric vehicle mobile charging solutions has been publicly available in the technical field but are not popularized in a large area. By considering these cases, these technical points and considerations are proposed.

[0022] (1) Two lines are used for power supply, and one line needs to be reliably grounded for safety. Direct current power supply or alternating current power supply may be used, and an arc extinction absorption circuit is provided. When a vehicle jumps and a pantograph and a conductive cable are in contact, or separated from, each other (in a normal condition, a load needs to be disconnected at first), electric sparks possibly occurring between the pantograph and the conductive cable may be greatly reduced, thus reducing unproductive consumption of electricity and the unnecessary loss of the pantograph and the conductive cable, as well as reducing radio interference from electric sparks.

[0023] (2) A higher voltage (e.g., 1,500 volts, and a lower voltage can be adopted during a test period) is adopted to reduce the current passing between the pantograph and the conductive cable.

[0024] (3) In a case that there are two pantographs on an electric vehicle, a length of each pantograph needs to be smaller than a line distance between two power supply lines, thus guaranteeing enough safety clearance.

[0025] (4) Two end heads of the pantograph are arc-shaped so as to reduce impact caused by abnormal transverse entering and exiting; and the end head of the power supply wire is also arc-shaped so as to reduce the impact caused by abnormal longitudinal entering and exiting. A position of the grounding wire allows the pantograph to be advanced before the grounding wire is released.

[0026] (5) An optical scanning or electric induction sensor is installed on the electric vehicle, and a state of the pantograph is determined using position relative signals given by the sensor: standby or contact. The pantograph is fully retracted when not in use.

[0027] (6) A mode of contact first and then power-on, and power-off first and then disengagement is employed.

[0028] (7) Compressed air enters the “pantograph rack” cylinder through large holes and micro holes, the compressed air entering through the large holes are configured to ensure that the pantograph rises timely, and the compressed air entering through micro holes are configured to keep the cylinder air pressure and ensure rapid deflation when abnormal, thereby putting down the pantograph rapidly.

[0029] (8) Materials and structures of the power supply line and the pantograph refer to existing rail electric vehicles, for example, the line is made of titanium alloy with good conductivity and wear resistance, and the pantograph is made of a graphite sliding plate, when the graphite sliding plate is seriously abraded to the end point of the service life or is damaged or broken, the compressed air for supporting can rapidly escape to make the pantograph rack to be rapidly put down.

[0030] (9) The trend of the line is “zigzag”, the amplitude of the “zigzag” is smaller, leaving some room for the electric vehicle to maneuver left and right. It is guaranteed that the line slide in the middle of the graphite sliding plate in normal straight traveling, the sliding distance is one third of the length of the graphite sliding plate, and the remaining two thirds are left for maneuvering.

[0031] (10) A line traveling mark is arranged on the traveling line to guarantee that the power supply line slides in the middle of the graphite sliding plate of the pantograph during traveling. When an auto pilot is used, the sliding distance is increased to two thirds of the length of the graphite sliding plate, and the remaining one third is left for maneuvering. During automatic driving, the mark on the line is scanned by the sensor for identification.

[0032] (11) A way of mobile charging pile may be employed: there is a transversal ultra-thin trolley serving as a mobile charging pile is arranged on one side of the road, the trolley is hung on the rail and can walk on the rail, the trend of the contact net line is also zigzag, and the pantograph is also used for power taking. A camera is installed at the entrance of this chargeable road so as to obtain information such as a license plate of a to-be-charged vehicle; and meters for charging and electricity consumption are installed on the trolley, and electricity consumption data is uploaded by the Internet. A female socket on a universal arm is connected to a charged device (electric vehicle) in a manual or automatic manner. Another solution is that all mechanisms of the trolley are installed on a to-be-charged vehicle, when the to-be-charged vehicle is parked or in a traveling state, the trolley can be automatically hung on the rail to complete the charging process, or the trolley can be separated from the rail to be put away. The details are analyzed in the figures. The pantograph is a plastic insulated base plate with two graphite sliding plates arranged in a single line. Attention should be paid to the insulation gap, and the problem of short circuit caused by rainwater.

[0033] (12) In order to solve the problem of imbalance of solar power generation, energy storage facilities can be used for storing and providing electric power. A heat and energy storage facility is provided here, which is provided with steel-container shaped heat storage units which are tightly arranged in a regular shape. The heat storage units are hollow, pure water is placed in the heat storage units to drain off other gases. An iron chain is arranged on a steep hillside, a box body filled with cheap stones is placed on the iron chain, and the iron chain is connected to a driving power generation system to achieve energy storage and power supply supplement. The driving power generation system may also use storage batteries, and can be connected to the power grid, conditionally. Along the charging line, adaptive mirror anti-dazzle LED lamp is adopted to intelligently control illumination of charged vehicle, only a signal lamp needs to be turned on for vehicle on the charging line, and a distance between the front vehicle and the rear vehicle should be controlled.

[0034] The charging and power supply for the electric vehicle may be completed using a mobile charging and power supply module. The module runs on an aerial elastic nylon hollow monorail and is limited to the left and the right. Conductive cables are arranged on two sides of the monorail, the trend of the titanium alloy conductive cables is double zigzag, and a graphite nylon hollow pantograph is configured to supply power. The module and the charged vehicle are in pantograph arm flexible electromechanical connection, the compressed air and the tension of the pantograph force the pantograph arm to be opened to lift the pantograph up to work, and dragging and charging connection are both in the middle of the rear surface of the top of the vehicle. The compressed air is generated by a micro air pump, double loops are used for power supply, a steam pocket and a cylinder are connected by a micro pipeline, and the loss of pressure is caused when the graphite is broken or leaked. Force-limiting fusing separation is adopted in emergency, a fuse protector is made of a foam sponge aluminum material, the cable is rapidly taken back, and it is guaranteed that a rope head is soft and light to avoid new damage. The module walks in a passive and active manner. The module is dragged by a charged vehicle in the passive manner, a module walking motor generates electricity to return to the grid. Gating frequency conversion and current-limiting power supply are adopted in the active manner. Active and passive conversion is performed through asynchronous sliding. An intelligent network is provided for mobile billing. The distance between the modules during movement is intelligently controlled. An intelligent vehicle finding module is provided. The separation is divided into: normal automatic separation, laser positioning separation, mechanical limiting emergency separation, and recovery.

[0035] Such mobile charging module, referred to as a mobile charging pile, may also walk on two lines formed by connecting steel pipes. One pipeline is used for bearing, and the other pipeline is used for limiting; the electric vehicle is electrically connected to the mobile charging module using a magnetic connector assembly to achieve the electric connection therebetween. The magnetism of the magnetic connector assembly is achieved by virtue of the current and can be controlled by the current. There are two walking manners for the mobile charging module: dragging by an electric vehicle and electric self-walking. The tension of the arm is limited, and demagnetization and separation are performed after power failure. The tension of the arm is limited, and the arm can be rapidly folded and retracted to be stored after being separated.

[0036] In general, the critical point of the technical solution of the mobile charging module is the important idea of the solution that a pantograph and a collector shoe need to be installed on a carrier moving stably, where a moving apparatus on a rail is available. The carrier is required to properly press the rail to properly limit the left-right moving range. When the carrier is small in bounce, the power supply of either the conductive cable or the contact rail and the contact of the pantograph or the collector shoe in the moving process are good. Certainly, other technical measures such as an arc extinction absorption circuit are also included, the technical solution of the present disclosure and the technical measures cooperatively guarantee the normal power supply and charging work of the electric vehicle.

[0037] To this end, by comparing, concentrating, integrating and improving above techniques, the specific technical solution of the mobile solar charging facility is proposed (the optimal solution of the present disclosure, which is used for an electric vehicle traveling at a speed below 160 km per hour):

[0038] The mobile power supply and charging of the electric vehicle traveling at a high speed can be achieved, with the specific facility and measures as follows: (1) it is a mobile power supply and charging facility; (2) a mobile power supply and charging solution is completed by using contact slide rails (track) (301) and (311) and a switching ‘collector trolley’, and utilizing the contact slide rails (301) and (311), a collector shoe (303), a (traveling) ‘collector’ wheel (302), and an electromechanical connecting arm (304); (3) a plurality of technical measures are used: one of the key techniques is that an electromechanical connecting arm (304) is used for completing electrical and mechanical connection between the ‘collector trolley’ (308) and an electric vehicle by using electromagnetism. Single-sided power supply is a weaker mechanical connection, which is used when parking; both sides supplying power simultaneously to form opposite magnetic poles is a stronger mechanical connection, which is used when an electric vehicle travels and drags (the collector trolley); both sides supplying power simultaneously to form like magnetic poles is provided for separation; and forced separation is achieved when the traction force exceeds the electromagnetic force. The electromechanical connecting arm is generally installed on the collector trolley and is provided with an automatic retracting mechanism, such that the electromechanical connecting arm can automatically retract when separated from the electric vehicle. Electrical contacts are arranged at the connecting positions of the electric vehicle and the collector trolley, and the electric connection is completed while the mechanical connection is made. The collector shoe and the ‘collector wheel’ of the same electrode may be connected in parallel to reduce the opportunity of electrical disconnection; and a perfect arc extinction absorption circuit is installed. If required, an automatic finding and aligning apparatus for an electromechanical connecting arm may also be installed to achieve automatic connection. A wireless network device for automatic billing and paying is also installed to complete the deduction of electricity bills. The trolley always travels on the contact slide rails, the lines are located at two sides of the road, and two contact slide rails may also be arranged in parallel up and down, and the contact slide rail at the lower position is grounded.

[0039] An apparatus for the trolley to enter and exit is installed: there is a cableway above the line, the trolley which is not in use is hung on the cableway, and the trolley to be used is placed on the line.

[0040] A photovoltaic power generation facility is arranged above one side of the road, and the solar thermal power generation facility is arranged beside the road.

[0041] These techniques and their combination may generate the following remarkable features: 1. the photovoltaic power generation with compensation is arranged above a charging line, which has little effect on the ground ecological illumination, and a support and the space are fully utilized. The photothermal power generation is arranged on the roadside, the wasteland is easy to find, the lines for charging are short and the losses are low. The ‘collector’ trolley for charging in the middle for transition can be made very light, due to the use of the weight of a charged vehicle, the ‘collector wheel’ and the collector shoe can press conductive contact slide rails to guarantee their good contact and the passing of the current; while the charged vehicle is slightly lifted (the force is controlled by means of spring), so there is no increase in energy consumption. 3. The ‘collector’ trolley may stably travel on a smooth rail, due to a movable universal joint and the springs, the connection between the charged vehicle and the trolley enables the charged vehicle to have little effect on the trolley when bumping and swinging left and right, and thus the stability and reliability of the charging are guaranteed. 4. The trolley is connected to the charged vehicle by means of the connecting arm, the connecting arm is flexibly connected to the trolley, and the connecting arm is connected to the charged vehicle by electromagnetic force, and an interface is provided at the tail of the charged vehicle. The connecting arm can move forward and can automatically retract to snap into a safe position. In addition, the downward force point of the trolley is located at its center, and thus the control is easy, and the safety is achieved. 5. Four wheels at the front and rear can rotate left and right, with rotation angles limited at 15° and below, such that the trolley can pass through a curve flexibly; and the wheels incline outwards 5° to 25° to properly limit the left and right of the trolley. 6. The arc extinction absorption circuit is installed to reduce electric interference and mechanical wear.

[0042] In the case, the optimal parameters of the convex reflector for achieving solar photovoltaic power generation compensation are found through experiments; and the optimal parameters of the composite reflector for achieving solar thermal power generation are also found through experiments.

[0043] Such solar photovoltaic compensation combined apparatus is also suitable for solar power generation for roads. The generated power may be used for mobile power supply and charging of an electric vehicle. The working principle of solar photovoltaic compensation in this case can also be applied to a solar thermal apparatus. In the case, the optimal parameters for achieving solar thermal compensation are also found through experiments, and a reflecting plate (402) (illumination compensation lens) may also be used to improve illumination.

[0044] In the prior art, the condensed solar medium-temperature and high-temperature photothermal apparatus is provided with an electromechanical tracking apparatus. The embodiment is a condensed solar medium-temperature and high-temperature photothermal apparatus, which employs a composite paraboloid concentrator (CPC) (composite lens for short) without the electromechanical tracking apparatus. The specific implementation of the present disclosure is as follows: a first composite lens photothermal assembly (501), a second composite lens photothermal assembly (502), and a third composite lens photothermal assembly (503) form a photothermal unit. Each composite lens photothermal assembly includes a composite lens and a photothermal element. The photothermal element of the composite lens photothermal assembly is formed by assembling a groove-shaped composite lens (601) and a photothermal receiver (602) matched with the groove-shaped composite lens (601) in performance, and all the photothermal elements have the same structures and parameters, and are only different in installation position and angle. The photothermal unit is further connected to a matched pipeline (the pipeline in FIG. 1), a steam pocket (504) and a heat storage pool (707), as well as a first electromagnetic valve (505), a second electromagnetic valve (506), a third electromagnetic valve (507) and a fourth electromagnetic valve (508) for control so as to form a photothermal system. The photothermal receiver may be provided with a photothermal isolator for improving the actual concentration ratio, and may also be in the form of a vacuum tube with a selective coating. An illumination compensation lens (402) is provided in front of the composite lens photothermal assembly.

[0045] The heat storage apparatus includes an outer tank body capable of well insulating heat and resisting pressure and a heat storage unit with extremely high heat storage efficiency. An interior of the heat storage unit is hollow, there is no other gas inside, and about 30% to 50% of the space in the heat storage unit is occupied by pure water; and efficient heat storage is achieved by mainly using the high latent heat of evaporation of water. Such heat storage unit has a high thermal storage capacity per unit weight (or per unit volume), and a ratio of thermal storage capacity to cost price is also relatively high. The heat storage unit is designed into a regular hexagon column in shape and can be compactly arranged; the cost may be low if using the round steel pipe as the heat storage unit. The heat storage unit is divided into an external heat type and an internal heat type. In the heat storage unit of the internal heat type, the flowing working medium is hard to be polluted, but arrangement of the pipeline for entering and leaving of the flowing medium is more complex and the cost is higher. Other heat storage fillers may be solid plus fluid, or all with fluid, and the fluid should submerge the heat storage unit and other heat storage fillers. Either the external heating type or the internal heating type has its own advantages, the use of which depends on the local conditions.

[0046] A heat storage body is placed in the heat storage tank, the heat storage tank needs to be evacuated for placing the liquid capable of being evaporated and boiled, with the evaporation heat as high as possible and cheap materials, such as water. The safety is better by placing other latent heat materials which do not produce gas (steam), such as a PE and PG mixture, mixed dissolved salt, hydroxide, and metal hydride, in the heat storage tank.

[0047] The embodiment also has the beneficial effects and obvious features as follows: there is no need of an electromechanical control apparatus for tracking the sunlight, with low economic (investment and management) cost. Compared with the disclosed solar tracking-free concentration technical solution, the illumination is stronger due to existence of the illumination compensation lens, and the temperature of a heated medium is higher. The facility can be used for solar thermal power generation, and can also be used for air conditioners, refrigeration, and medium heating.

[0048] Except for the photothermal receiver and the working reflecting surface of the composite lens and the illumination compensation lens, other surfaces of the composite lens and the illumination compensation lens and the outer surfaces of all other apparatus as well as the support can be coated with diffuse reflection coatings with strong reflectivity so as to increase the light received by the apparatus and increase the light received by other surrounding objects, thus facilitating the complementary use of solar energy (e.g. solar thermal photovoltaic complementary and biological complementary). To further improve the illumination on the plants below the photothermal apparatus, the reflecting materials or coatings for the composite lens and the illumination compensation lens may be made of spectral selective materials to achieve corresponding light transmission and reflection.

[0049] Related techniques in this case can be simplified and replaced under different requirements, as long as the technical features are the same in whole or in part as in this case, that is, within the scope of protection claimed by the present disclosure.