METHOD FOR PROVIDING IN A PRIMARY PACKAGING CONTAINER A DRIED SOLID PRODUCT CONTAINING AN ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT

Abstract

A method for providing a dried solid product containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient is disclosed and includes providing a primary packaging container, providing a drying cartridge different from the primary packaging container, the drying cartridge made of a material adapted to hold a liquid product to be dried, wherein the liquid product contains an active pharmaceutical ingredient and the drying cartridge is made of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than the thermal conductivity of glass. The method also includes filling the liquid product into the drying cartridge, drying the liquid product in the drying cartridge to form a dried solid product containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient, transferring the dried solid product into the primary packaging container.

Claims

1. A method for providing in a primary packaging container a dried solid product containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient, the method comprising the following steps: providing a primary packaging container; providing a drying cartridge different from the primary packaging container, the drying cartridge being made of a material adapted to hold a liquid product to be dried, wherein the liquid product to be dried contains an active pharmaceutical ingredient, and wherein the drying cartridge is made of a material having a thermal conductivity which is higher than the thermal conductivity of glass; filling the liquid product to be dried into the drying cartridge; drying the liquid product in the drying cartridge to form a dried solid product containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient; transferring the dried solid product from the drying cartridge into the primary packaging container.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of drying the liquid product to be dried is performed through lyophilizing the liquid product to be dried, and wherein the dried solid product is a lyophilisate.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the drying cartridge is made of metal or a material other than metal which is compatible with the liquid product to be dried and the dried solid product.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the drying cartridge is used only once for the drying of a said liquid product and is not reused.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein an inner wall of the drying cartridge is coated with a coating material adapted for the processing of the liquid product containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient as well as for the processing of the dried solid product containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient, the inner wall coated with the coating material exhibiting less friction than the uncoated inner wall of the drying cartridge when moving a plunger along the coated inner wall of the drying cartridge and/or preventing the liquid product and the dried solid product from reacting with a material the uncoated drying cartridge is made of.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the drying cartridge has a length (L1) which is at least 20% shorter than a length of the primary packaging container and has an inner diameter (D1) which is smaller than an inner diameter (D4) of the primary packaging container.

7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the drying cartridge is a tube having two ends, one end of the two ends being sealed by a plunger and the other end of the two ends being open, and wherein the step of transferring the dried solid product from the drying cartridge into the primary packaging container comprises transferring the dried solid product only or the dried solid product together with the plunger through the open end of the tube into the primary packaging container.

8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of providing a drying cartridge different from the primary packaging container comprises simultaneously providing a plurality of drying cartridges, the plurality of drying cartridges being embodied as a stripe or a plate containing a plurality of cylindrical holes.

9. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: providing an adapter tube having an outer diameter (D6) smaller than the inner diameter (D4) of the primary packaging container, the adapter tube having an inner diameter (D5) equal to or larger than the inner diameter (D1) of the drying cartridge, positioning the adapter tube between the drying cartridge and the primary packaging container, partly inserting the adapter tube into the primary packaging container, and thereafter transferring the dried solid product only or the dried solid product together with the plunger from the drying cartridge through the adapter tube into the primary packaging container.

10. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: providing at least one additional drying cartridge containing an additional dried solid product and transferring the additional dried solid product from the at least one additional drying cartridge into the primary packaging container.

11. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: providing a primary packaging tray carrying a plurality of the said primary packaging containers arranged along a plurality of parallel straight lines, each line of the plurality of parallel straight lines having the same number of primary packaging containers arranged thereon in a predetermined pattern; providing a drying tray carrying a plurality of the said drying cartridges arranged along a further plurality of parallel straight lines corresponding to the plurality of parallel straight lines of the primary packaging tray, each of the drying cartridges containing a said dried solid product; aligning the drying cartridges arranged along a said line of the drying tray with the primary packaging containers arranged along a said corresponding line of the primary packaging tray; simultaneously transferring the dried solid products from the drying cartridges of the said line of the drying tray into the aligned primary packaging containers of the said corresponding line of the primary packaging tray; moving the drying tray and the primary packaging tray relative to each other such that the drying cartridges of another line of the drying tray and containing dried solid products are aligned with the primary packaging containers of a said line of the primary packaging tray already containing transferred dried solid products, or with the primary packaging containers of another line of the primary packaging tray not containing dried solid products; simultaneously transferring the dried solid products from the drying cartridges of the said another line of the drying tray into the said aligned primary packaging containers of the primary packaging tray already containing transferred dried solid products, or into the said aligned primary packaging containers not containing dried solid products; and repeating the step of moving the drying tray and the primary packaging tray relative to each other and the step of simultaneously transferring the dried solid products from the drying cartridges of the drying tray into the aligned primary packaging containers of the primary packaging tray until the dried solid products of all drying cartridges of the drying tray are transferred into the primary packaging containers of the primary packaging tray.

Description

[0045] Further advantageous aspects of the method according to the invention become apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention with the aid of the drawings in which:

[0046] FIG. 1 shows in flow diagrams an embodiment of the method according to the invention vis-a-vis the method of the prior art;

[0047] FIG. 2a shows an embodiment of a drying cartridge used in the method according to the invention, including a plunger sealing one end of the drying cartridge;

[0048] FIG. 2b shows stripe and plate designs of the drying cartridge used in the method according to the invention, including a plunger sealing one end of the drying cartridge;

[0049] FIG. 3 shows the plunger of FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b;

[0050] FIG. 4a shows different phases of the step of transferring a dried solid product together with the plunger from the drying cartridge into a syringe barrel;

[0051] FIG. 4b shows a vial as a primary packaging container instead of a syringe barrel shown in FIG. 4a; and

[0052] FIG. 5 shows a syringe tray for holding a plurality of syringe barrels arranged thereon in a predetermined pattern along a plurality of parallel straight lines (e.g. according to ISO 11040-7).

[0053] In FIG. 1 the steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention (lower portion of FIG. 1) vis-a-vis the method of the prior art (upper portion of FIG. 1) are shown. An essential difference between the embodiment of the method according to the invention and the method of the prior art can be immediately recognized: In the method of the prior art, all steps are carried out using a dual chamber syringe as is indicated by the box labelled “DCS” shown at the left hand side of the upper portion of FIG. 1, whereas those steps related to the production of the dried solid product are performed using a separate drying cartridge different from the dual chamber syringe as is indicated by the box labelled “LPC” at the left hand side of the lower portion of FIG. 1. Only after the dried solid product has been produced in the separate drying cartridge it is transferred from the drying cartridge into the dual chamber syringe as is evident from the box labelled “DCS” of the lower portion of FIG. 1.

[0054] The method of the prior art (see upper portion of FIG. 1) starts with the step 30 of washing and siliconizing the inner walls of the syringe barrel of the dual chamber syringe as is indicated by the box labelled “Washing, Siliconization”, which is followed by a sterilization step 31 as is indicated by the box labelled “Sterilization”. All steps shown in the upper row of the upper portion of FIG. 1 are typically performed with the syringe barrel being arranged in “needle-up” orientation, meaning that the syringe/cartridge head of the syringe barrel is pointing upwards. After sterilization step 31, in step 32 a plunger is inserted into the syringe barrel through the open lower end thereof to sealingly engage the inner walls of the syringe barrel as is indicated by the box labelled “Placement Middle Plunger”. Next, in step 33 the liquid product containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient is filled through the syringe/cartridge head as is indicated by the box labelled “Filling: API” and is held back in the syringe/cartridge barrel by the plunger sealingly engaging the inner walls of the syringe/cartridge barrel. Thereafter, in step 34 the syringe/cartridge barrel is placed into a drying chamber of a freeze-dryer to dry the liquid product containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient through freeze-drying, as is indicated by the box labelled “Freeze-Drying”. After freeze-drying (lyophilization), a dried solid product comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient is present in the syringe/cartridge barrel.

[0055] Turning now to the lower row of the method of the prior art (still in the upper portion of FIG. 1), in the next step 35 a closure cap is placed on the syringe/cartridge head to close the syringe/cartridge head as is indicated by the box labelled “Capping”. The syringe/cartridge with the closure cap is then turned upside down in step 36, so that the barrel containing the dried solid product is now arranged in a “needle down” orientation, with the syringe/cartridge head (closed by the closure cap) pointing downwards. As a consequence, the open end of the syringe/cartridge now points upwards. In the next step 37 the liquid solvent is filled into the syringe/cartridge barrel through the open end thereof, as this is indicated by the box labelled “Filling: Diluent”, this open end of the syringe/cartridge barrel now pointing upwardly. In the subsequent step 38, an end plunger is inserted into the syringe/cartridge barrel through the upwardly pointing open end of the syringe/cartridge barrel as is indicated by the box labelled “Placement: End plunger”, so as to seal the chamber of the syringe/cartridge barrel containing the liquid solvent. The individual syringe/cartridge barrel containing both the dried solid product comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the liquid solvent is now sealed and can be arranged according to step 39 in a tray in which a plurality of such sealed syringe/cartridge barrels containing both the solid and the liquid solvent are arranged in multiple rows and columns for further processing, as is indicated by the box labelled “Traying”. An inspection step 40 is to follow as indicated by the box labelled “Visual Inspection”.

[0056] In contrast to the method of the prior art, as is evident from the embodiment of the method according to the invention (lower portion of FIG. 1), those steps associated with the production of the dried solid product comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient are all performed in a separate drying cartridge different from the syringe/cartridge barrel, as will be described in more detail below. This drying cartridge can be a more or less cylindrical tube which is open at both ends and is typically made from stainless steel or aluminum, or is made of or coated on its inner wall with another material compatible with the liquid product and the dried solid product. If another material is used as the material for the syringe barrel, this other material has a high thermal conductivity (higher than the thermal conductivity of glass) and may additionally have better sliding properties than glass which the syringe barrel is typically made of. Moreover, the drying cartridge can then be made of a material for single use only, so that the drying cartridge is used only once and is then disposed of thus avoiding the risk of cross-contamination between two batches. In case the other material is used as a coating material only for the inner wall of the syringe barrel it has at least better sliding properties than glass which the syringe barrel is typically made of. Accordingly, no siliconization of the inner walls of the drying cartridge might be necessary. Rather, in a first step 50 the drying cartridge is washed only as indicated by the box labelled “Washing”, whereupon in a subsequent step 51 the drying cartridge is sterilized as indicated by the box labelled “Sterilization”. Thereafter, in step 52 a plunger is inserted into the drying cartridge through one end thereof to seal this end of the drying cartridge as is indicated by the box labelled “Placement: Middle Plunger”. This box is labelled “Placement: Middle Plunger” since in the described embodiment of the method according to the invention, the plunger sealing the drying cartridge is transferred together with the dried solid product into the primary packaging container (e.g. syringe barrel of a dual chamber syringe/cartridge, where the plunger acts as a “middle plunger”). The sealed end of the drying cartridge is arranged pointing downwards (as described in more detail below) so that the end of the cartridge remote from the sealed end is open and is pointing upwards. Thereafter, in step 53 the liquid product containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient is filled through the upwardly pointing end into the drying cartridge as indicated by the box labelled “Filling: API”. In accordance with the subsequent step 54, the drying cartridge filled with the liquid product comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient is then placed into a drying chamber of a drying device (e.g. into the drying chamber of a freeze dryer), and the liquid product comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient is then dried (e.g. lyophilized through freeze-drying, as this is indicated by the box labelled “Freeze-Drying”) to form a dried solid product comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient.

[0057] Before returning to FIG. 1 again and explaining the rest of the steps of the embodiment of the method according to the invention, an embodiment of the drying cartridge is now described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b and FIG. 3.

[0058] As can be seen from FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b, the drying cartridge 1 comprises a more or less cylindrical tube 10 (FIG. 2a) or stripes or plates with more or less cylindrical bores (FIG. 2b) performing the function of the tube 10, the tube or the bores having a length L1 which is considerably shorter than the length of the primary packaging container (e.g. the syringe barrel). In particular, the length L1 of the tube 10 is at least 20% shorter than the length of the primary packaging container (e.g. the syringe barrel). Tube 10 is open at both ends, with the lower end 100 of tube 10 being slightly tapered (funnel-shaped) to allow for easy insertion of a displaceable plunger 2 made of an elastically deformable material, such as for example rubber. Tube 10 has an inner diameter D1 which is slightly smaller than the outer diameter D3 of plunger 2, while the inner diameter D2 at the tapered lower end 100 of tube 10 is slightly larger than the outer diameter D3 of plunger 2 (see FIG. 3), thus allowing for a smooth insertion of plunger 2 into tube 10. Once plunger 2 has been inserted into tube 10, it sealingly engages the inner wall of tube 10 (or the respective bore in the stripe or plate) while the upper end 101 of tube 10 is still open. In the left hand portion of FIG. 2a, drying cartridge 1 with the plunger 2 in sealing engagement with the inner wall of tube 10 is shown to contain a liquid product 3 comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient, whereas in the right hand portion of FIG. 2a drying cartridge 1 is shown to contain the dried solid product 4 comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient, obtained through e.g. freeze-drying (lyophilization) of the liquid product 3 in the drying cartridge 1. Due to the cylindrical shape of the tube 10 of the drying cartridge 1, the shape of the dried solid product is also cylindrical.

[0059] Returning to FIG. 2a it is immediately evident, that due to the considerably shorter length L1 of the drying cartridge 1 compared to the length of the primary packaging container, especially the length of a dual chamber syringe/cartridge the space of the drying chamber can be more efficiently used (a higher number of drying cartridges can be processed in the drying chamber simultaneously, compared to primary packaging containers, e.g. syringe barrels). In addition, since stainless steel and aluminum (the materials the tube 10 of the drying cartridge 1 is typically made of) both have a thermal conductivity which is considerably higher than that of glass (which is the material the primary packaging container is typically made of), freeze-drying (lyophilization) of the liquid product to form the dried solid product (the solid lyophilisate) requires considerably less time, thus leading to a more efficient use of the lyophilization equipment, too.

[0060] Returning to FIG. 1, once the cylindrical dried solid product 4 has been obtained through e.g. freeze-drying (lyophilization) it must be transferred from the drying cartridge 1 through the open end 101 of the drying cartridge 1 into the syringe barrel, this being performed in step 55 indicated by the box labelled “Filling: Product & middle plunger”.

[0061] FIG. 4a shows different phases P1-P5 of an embodiment how this transfer can be performed (together with the plunger 2). The transfer is performed with the aid of an adapter tube arranged between the drying cartridge 1 and a primary packaging container 6, e.g. a dual chamber syringe/dual chamber cartridge, as will be explained in more detail below. By way of example, the primary packaging container is embodied as a dual chamber syringe in FIG. 4a but can also be embodied as a vial as this is shown in FIG. 4b.

[0062] In a first phase P1 drying cartridge 1 is aligned with adapter tube 7 and primary packaging container 6. Drying cartridge 1 contains the dried solid product 4 comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Adapter tube 7 has a generally cylindrical shape with an inlet end 71 and a cylindrical outlet end 72. Adapter tube 7 has an inner diameter D5 which is equal to or slightly larger than the inner diameter D1 of tube 10 of the drying cartridge 1 to allow for a smooth transfer of the dried solid product 4 out of the drying cartridge 1 through the adapter tube 7 and into the primary packaging container 6, as will be explained in more detail below. Adapter tube 7 further has an outer diameter D6 which is slightly smaller than the inner diameter D4 of the primary packaging container 6 to allow for insertion of the adapter tube 7 into the primary packaging container 6, as will also be explained in more detail below. Adapter tube 7 is made of a material which on one hand allows the plunger 2 to be conveniently pushed through the adapter tube 7 while at the same time being capable of protecting a lubricant possibly present on the inner wall of the primary packaging container 6 during the transfer of the dried solid product 4 together with the plunger 2 into the primary packaging container 6. For example, adapter tube 7 can be made of any suitable material—typically stainless steel. As can be seen, the open end 101 of tube 10 of the drying cartridge 1 is centered at the inlet end 71 of the adapter tube 7. A piston 8 is arranged near the end 100 of the tube 10 of drying cartridge 1 which is sealed by the plunger 2.

[0063] In a second phase P2, the drying cartridge 1 and the adapter tube 7 are lowered so that the adapter tube 7 is partly inserted into the primary packaging container 6 such that the outlet end 72 of the adapter tube 7 is arranged at a position at a predetermined position (e.g. above a bypass 61 formed in the wall of the primary packaging container 6 embodied as a syringe barrel of a dual chamber syringe). This is the predetermined position where the plunger 2 is to be arranged in the primary packaging container 6 after transfer of the plunger 2 together with the dried solid product 4 into the primary packaging container 6 has been completed, as this will be explained in more detail below. The partly inserted adapter tube 7 protects the lubricant that possibly may be present on the inner wall of the primary packaging container and protects the inner wall of the primary packaging container itself during the transfer, so that the glass of the primary packaging container 6 cannot easily get broken during transfer of the dried solid product 4 and the plunger 2.

[0064] In a third phase P3, piston 8 is moved downwardly pushing the plunger 2 downwards thereby also pushing the dried solid product 4 downwards through the adapter tube 7. Piston 8 is moved downwardly until the lower end of the plunger 2 is arranged flush with the lower end 72 of the adapter tube 7, so that the plunger 2 is arranged at the predetermined position in the primary packaging container 6, with the plunger 2 still being arranged inside the adapter tube. At that time, the dried solid product 4 has already been pushed into the primary packaging container 6.

[0065] In a fourth phase P4, the drying cartridge 1 and the adapter tube 7 are moved upwardly again while piston 8 remains in its position, so that the adapter tube 7 releases the plunger 2 which—upon being released—sealingly engages the inner wall of the primary packaging container 6 at the predetermined position 61 (e.g. above the bypass 61 when using a dual chamber syringe/cartridge).

[0066] Transfer of the dried solid product 4 and the plunger 2 is now complete and the piston 8, the adapter tube 7 and the drying cartridge 1 can be completely moved upwardly, this being shown in phase P5. It is evident, that in the described embodiment the plunger 2 acts as middle plunger in case the primary packaging container is embodied as a dual chamber syringe/cartridge, since it sealingly engages the inner wall of primary packaging container 6, thus forming a further chamber within the primary packaging 6 above the plunger 2 into which further chamber the liquid solvent (diluent) can then be filled. However, it is not mandatory that the plunger 2 also be transferred together with the dried solid product 4. For example, if the plunger 2 is not suitable to act as a middle plunger of the dual chamber syringe for any reason or no plunger is needed (e.g. in case the primary packaging is a vial or the primary packaging is a dual chamber syringe but will be filled with more than one dried solid product), phase P4 can be skipped so that the plunger 2 is then still arranged inside the adapter tube 7. The adapter tube 7 can then be removed together with the plunger 2, and in a separate step a middle plunger can be inserted into the dual chamber syringe/cartridge, or a stopper can be inserted into the vial. However, it is evident that the transfer of the dried solid product 4 together with the plunger 2 into a primary packaging container is particularly effective, since in this case the steps of inserting a sealing plunger into the primary packaging container and transferring the dried solid product into the primary packaging container can be performed together in a single step, thus rendering this embodiment of the method particularly efficient.

[0067] FIG. 4b shows that a vial can be used as primary packaging container 6 in the various phases P1-P5 shown in FIG. 4a (as is evident, instead of placing a middle plunger into the dual chamber syringe/cartridge a stopper is inserted into the vial).

[0068] Returning again to FIG. 1 (lower portion), after the dried solid product 4 and the plunger 2 have been transferred into the syringe barrel in step 55, in a subsequent step 56 a liquid solvent is filled into the further chamber of the dual chamber syringe/cartridge 6 formed above the plunger 2 (see FIG. 4a) as is indicated in FIG. 1 by the box labelled “Filling: Diluent”. In a subsequent step 57, an end plunger is inserted into the syringe barrel as is indicated by the box labelled “Placement: End Plunger”. An inspection step 58 is to follow as indicated by the box labelled “Visual Inspection”.

[0069] The syringe barrel of the dual chamber syringe (representing the primary packaging container 6) is now sealed and contains both the dried solid product 4 comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the liquid solvent, however, they are stored in different chambers of the syringe barrel which are sealed from each other. It is evident, that reconstitution of the solution (the medicament for parenteral use) can be achieved by moving the end plunger towards the syringe head of the syringe barrel causing the liquid solvent to push the plunger 2 towards the delivery end, thereby opening the bypass 61 and allowing the liquid solvent to flow through the bypass 61 into the chamber where the dried solid product 4 is stored. The dried solid product 4 comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient is then solved in the liquid solvent and the solution to be injected (embodying the medicament for parenteral use) is thus getting reconstituted.

[0070] FIG. 5 shows a primary packaging tray 62 holding one syringe barrel representing the primary packaging container 6. During the production process, the tray 62 is completely loaded with primary packaging containers 6 arranged along multiple parallel straight lines 63, e.g. according to ISO 11040-7 (although only one syringe barrel is shown in FIG. 5 for the sake of simplicity). Primary packaging tray 62 is carrying the same number of primary packaging containers 6 along the straight lines 63. The drying tray 11, which is depicted in cross-section in FIG. 4a, is very similar and is carrying drying cartridges 1 arranged in the same manner as are the primary packaging containers 6 in the primary packaging tray 62. Each of the drying cartridges 1 contains a dried solid product 4. The further processing of the primary packaging is analog to phases P1 through P5 as shown in FIG. 4a, but it is done line by line, i.e. all the dried solid products 4 contained in one line of drying cartridges 1 are simultaneously transferred together with the plungers 2 into a corresponding line 63 of primary packaging containers 6.

[0071] The processing of the primary packaging containers using trays comprises an additional phase (not shown) which follows phase P5. During this additional phase, the primary packaging tray 62 and the drying tray 11 are moved relative to each other, for example perpendicular to lines 63, in order to align another line of drying cartridges 1 containing dried solid products 4 with either the same or another line 63 of primary packaging containers 6.

[0072] In the first case, where a new line of drying cartridges 1 has been aligned with the same line 63 of primary packaging containers 6, obviously a further dried solid product 4 is to be transferred into a primary packaging container 6 already containing a dried solid product 4 according to phases P1 through P5. This ‘first case’ can be repeated in any predetermined number to transfer any number of identical or different dried solid products 4, possibly even coming from a different drying tray 11, into the same primary packaging container 6. This can be achieved by skipping phase P4 and leaving the plunger 2 within the adapter tube 7 during the transfer of the dried solid product. As is evident, only after the last one of the predetermined number of same or different dried solid products 4 has been transferred into the same primary packaging container 6, the plunger 2 may be transferred into the primary packaging container 6 to seal the chamber containing the dried solid products 4.

[0073] In the second case, where a new line of drying cartridges 1 has been aligned with a new line 63 of primary packaging containers 6, obviously a first dried solid product 4 is to be transferred into an empty primary packaging container 6, either together with the plunger 2 (if only one dried solid product 4 has to be transferred into the primary packaging container 6) or without the plunger 2 if more than one dried solid product 4 has to be transferred into one and the same primary packaging container 6.

[0074] Phases P1 through P5 (and the additional phase explained above) are repeated until the dried solid products 4 of all drying cartridges 1 of the drying tray 11 have been transferred into the primary packaging containers 6 of the primary packaging tray 62.

[0075] While embodiments of the invention have been described with the aid of the drawings, it is evident that these embodiments have been described by way of example only. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the teaching of the present invention. Thus, it is intended that such modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims.