METHOD FOR PREPARING GRANULATED CREEP FEED

Abstract

A method for preparing granulated creep feed, the method including: 1) uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of a powder material with between 24 and 30 parts by weight of water to yield a mixture; 2)heating the mixture at a first heating stage to a first temperature of 45-60° C., and maintaining the first temperature for 25-30 s; heating the mixture at a second heating stage to a second temperature of 65-90° C., and maintaining the second temperature for 20-25 s; and heating the mixture at a third heating stage to a third temperature of 95-120° C., and maintaining the third temperature for 15-20 s to yield an aged material; and 3) extruding the aged material into strips by an extruding device, cutting the strips into granules, and dispersing and cooling the granules.

Claims

1. A method for preparing granulated creep feed, the method comprising: 1) uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of a powder material with between 24 and 30 parts by weight of water to yield a mixture; 2) heating the mixture in three consecutive stages (i-iii): (i) heating the mixture at a first heating stage to a first temperature of between 45 and 60° C., and maintaining the first temperature for between 25 and 30 s; (ii) heating the mixture at a second heating stage to a second temperature of between 65 and 90° C., and maintaining the second temperature for between 20 and 25 s; and (iii) heating the mixture at a third heating stage to a third temperature of between 95 and 120° C., and maintaining the third temperature for between 15 and 20 s, to yield an aged material; and 3) extruding the aged material into strips by an extruding device, cutting the strips into granules, and dispersing and cooling the granules to yield granulated creep feed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein between 0.2 and 0.5 part by weight of a compound acidifier is added in 1); the compound acidifier comprises: between 50.0 and 70.0 parts by weight of sodium diacetate, between 10.0 and 28.0 parts by weight of sodium benzoate, between 10.0 and 30.0 parts by weight of potassium sorbate, between 0.5 and 1.0 part by weight of nisin, and between 4.0 and 10.0 parts by weight of citric acid.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in 3), a starch retrogradation inhibitor and a humectant are dissolved into water to yield a solution; following dispersing and cooling of the granules, the solution is sprayed to surfaces of the granules by using vacuum spraying, and then the granules are air dried to yield an aged granulated creep feed.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the starch retrogradation inhibitor comprises: α-amylase and β-amylase; the humectant is D-sorbitol; an addition of the starch retrogradation inhibitor is 0.5 part by weight, and an addition of the humectant is 1 part by weight.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the first heating stage, the mixture is heated to between 55 and 60° C.; in the second heating stage, the mixture is heated to between 85 and 90° C.; and in the third heating stage, the mixture is heated to between 115 and 120° C.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein a particle size of the granulated creep feed is 5 mm.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein a particle size of the granulated creep feed is 5 mm.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein a particle size of the granulated creep feed is 5 mm.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein a particle size of the granulated creep feed is 5 mm.

10. The method of claim 5, wherein a particle size of the granulated creep feed is 5 mm.

11. The method of claim 2, wherein in 1), between 0.2 and 0.5 part by weight of the compound acidifier is dissolved in between 24 and 30 parts by weight of the water at a temperature of 60° C. to yield a solution, then 100 parts by weight of the powder material is added and uniformly mixed with the solution.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] For further illustrating the invention, experiments detailing a method for preparing granulated creep feed are described below. It should be noted that the following examples are intended to describe and not to limit the invention.

[0025] A powder material comprises: 54 parts by weight of extruded corns, 15 parts by weight of extruded soybeans, 4 parts by weight of steamed fish powder, 6 parts by weight of a fermented soybean meal, 4 parts by weight of a spray-dried plasma protein, 4 parts by weight of a glucose, 5 parts by weight of a milk powder, 4.5 parts by weight of an egg powder, 0.4 part by weight of lysine, 0.3 part by weight of methionine, 0.1 part by weight of threonine, 0.05 part by weight of tryptophan, 2.5 parts by weight of a compound-premix, a flavoring agent including 0.05 part by weight of a ground cinnamon and 0.1 part by weight of betaine.

Example 1

[0026] 1) 0.2 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 24 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0027] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stiffing. The materials were firstly heated to 60° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 90° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 120° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0028] 3)The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0029] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 1.

Example 2

[0030] 1) 0.3 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 24 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0031] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stiffing. The materials were firstly heated to 60° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 90° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 120° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0032] 3)The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0033] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 2.

Example 3

[0034] 1) 0.3 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 26 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0035] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stirring. The materials were firstly heated to 45° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 65° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 95° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0036] 3)The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0037] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 3.

Example 4

[0038] 1) 0.3 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 26 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0039] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stiffing. The materials were firstly heated to 60° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 90° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 120° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0040] 3) The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0041] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 4.

Example 5

[0042] 1) 0.4 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 26 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0043] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stiffing. The materials were firstly heated to 60° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 90° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 120° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0044] 3)The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0045] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 5.

Example 6

[0046] 1) 0.4 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 26 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0047] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stiffing. The materials were firstly heated to 55° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 85° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 110° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0048] 3)The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0049] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 6.

Example 7

[0050] 1) 0.3 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 28 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0051] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stiffing. The materials were firstly heated to 60° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 90° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 120° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0052] 3)The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0053] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 7.

Example 8

[0054] 1) 0.4 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 28 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0055] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stiffing. The materials were firstly heated to 60° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 90° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 120° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0056] 3)The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0057] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 8.

Example 9

[0058] 1) 0.4 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 26 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0059] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stiffing. The materials were firstly heated to 60° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 90° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 120° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0060] 3)The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0061] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 9.

Example 10

[0062] 1) 0.4 part by weight of the compound acidifier was added to 30 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 60° C. and uniformly mixed. Thereafter, 100 parts by weight of a powder material was added, and a resulting mixture was uniformly stirred in a dough kneader for 10 min to avoid spherical granules.

[0063] 2) Materials obtained from 1) were heated for three heating stages while stirring. The materials were firstly heated to 60° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 25 and 30 s; then heated to 90° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 20 and 25 s; and finally heated to 120° C., followed by temperature preservation of between 15 and 20 s to yield aged materials.

[0064] 3)The aged materials were extruded into strips by an extruder, and cut into granules having a particle size of 2 mm The granules were dispensed and cooled. 0.03 part by weight of α-amylase, 0.2 part by weight of β-amylase, and 1 part by weight of a humectant (D-sorbitol) were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was then sprayed onto surfaces of the granules of the aged materials. The granules of the aged materials were air dried to obtain aged granules of a creep feed.

[0065] The aged granulated creep feed was packed by a sterilized uniform membrane bag. The aged granulated creep feed prepared in this example was labeled as sample 10.

Comparative Example 1

[0066] The powder material comprising the above ingredients were directly extruded by the extruding machine to yield a feed in the form of hard granules.

[0067] Physical and chemical properties of products and growth indicators of animals

1) Physical Analysis

[0068]

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Detection results of physical and chemical properties of aged granulated creep feed. Storage period/day Gelatinization At At Sample Flavor Appearance degree/% 25° C. 35° C. Sample 1 Milk flavor Yellow 56.8 40 37 Sample 2 Slight acid Yellow 56.7 40 38 flavor Sample 3 Milk flavor Yellow 43.2 39 37 Sample 4 Milk flavor Brown 59.3 37 32 Sample 5 Slight acid Brown 60.1 48 41 flavor Sample 6 Slight acid Brown 48.8 35 28 flavor Sample 7 Milk flavor Dark brown 60.4 31 26 Sample 8 Slight acid Dark brown 60.8 34 29 flavor Sample 9 Slight acid Brown 56.5 28 25 flavor Sample 10 Slight acid Brown 56.1 26 24 flavor

2) Feeding Experiments

[0069] A. Experiment conditions [0070] Experiment period: between Jan. 8, 2016 and Jan. 29, 2016 [0071] Weaning time: Jan. 21, 2016 [0072] Experiment site: an experimental pig breeder site in Hubei Province [0073] Temperature: [0074] Cold wave period: between Jan. 20, 2016 and Jan. 24, 2016 [0075] Outdoor: between −7 and 10° C. [0076] Indoor: between 9 and 14° C. [0077] B. Experiment [0078] Groups: four groups with each group including four repeats were designed. Each brood of each repeat including between 7 and 11 piglets (a total of 146 piglets). The piglets of all repeats were arranged according to an ascending order of weight, and then divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D) according to an S-type division. [0079] Group A: piglets were fed with the feed in the form of hard granules in Comparative example 1; [0080] Group B: piglets were fed with a powder feed. [0081] Group C: piglets were fed with a commercially available feed in the form of hard granules; and [0082] Group D: piglets were fed with the aged creep feed in the form soft granules obtained from Example 5.

3. Main Growth Indicators

[0083]

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Daily intake amount (g) Groups A (materials C (materials D (materials of hard B (powder of hard of soft Growing periods granules) material) granules) granules) 7-21 days old  14.07  15.92  12.07  20.74 (17.6) (before weaning) One week after 137.90 197.87 157.08 231.89(196) weaning

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Average weight of piglet (kg) Groups Growth stage Group A Group B Group C Group D  7-day old 2.8250 2.8481 2.8385 2.8366 21-day old 5.4639 5.6302 5.2331 6.4914 One week after weaning 6.2159 6.5188 5.9322 7.6139

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Daily weight gain (g) Groups Growth stage Group A Group B Group C Group D 7-21-day old 188.49 198.72 171.04 261.05 (before weaning) One week after 107.43 126.94  99.88 160.36 weaning

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Ratio of feed material to weight gain Groups Growth stage Group A Group B Group C Group D 7-21-day old 0.07463 0.08010 0.07054 0.07946    (before weaning) One week after 1.2837  1.5587  1.5728  1.4460(1.23) weaning

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Fur condition (I. Very coarse; II. Coarse; III. Relatively smooth; IV. Smooth; and V. Very smooth) Groups Growth stage Group A Group B Group C Group D 0-7-day old IV IV IV IV 7-21-day old IV IV IV IV One week after V IV IV V weaning Whole period V IV IV V

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Diarrhea rate (%) Groups Growth stage Group A Group B Group C Group D 7-21-day old 0.45 0.84 0.65 0 (before weaning) One week after 1.79 2.94 1.30 0.73 weaning

CONCLUSIONS

[0084] A) Mortality (%): during the whole feeding period, no death happened in each group.

[0085] B) It was known from the process from creep feed attracting of the 7-day old piglets, weaning of the 21-day old piglets, and creep feed feeding of piglets one week after the weaning that: a. the daily intake amount of the group D was significantly higher than other three groups during the whole process, and was 1.68 folds of the group A, indicating that the aged creep feed in the form of the soft granules has the best palatability and relatively strong feed attracting effect; b. the diarrhea rate of the group D was significantly lower than other three groups, and was reduced by 59.2% compared with the group A, indicating that the creep feed of group D was much better digested by the piglets; d. the aging degree (gelatinization degree of the starch) of the creep feed was greatly improved by the heating condition and reaches 61%, which was increased by 1 fold; and e. the growth of the piglets fed with the aged creep feed in the form of the soft granules is significantly higher than other groups, and the daily weight gain of such group one week after the weaning is increased by 49.5% compared with the group A.

[0086] Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges involved in the invention include the end values. While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.