Gas-insulated switch

Abstract

A gas-insulated switch has a first contact and a second contact. A contact unit is connected to the first contact as a movement contact unit having a drive unit and is movably mounted along a switch axis. The gas-insulated switch further has a multi-part insulation nozzle system with a primary nozzle and an auxiliary nozzle. A heating channel is formed between the primary nozzle and the auxiliary nozzle. The heating channel originates from an electric arc chamber and opens in a gas reservoir, wherein the gas reservoir is delimited by a ram. The gas reservoir is radially delimited by a wall, in respect of the switch axis, which is not a component of the movement contact unit, and the ram is part of the movement contact unit and is movably mounted such that the ram moves along the switch axis away from the second contact to enlarge the gas reservoir.

Claims

1. A gas-insulated switch, comprising: a first contact unit having a first contact and second contact unit having a second contact; said first contact and said first contact unit being a movement contact unit connected to a drive unit and is movably mounted along a switch axis; a gas reservoir; a ram, said gas reservoir being delimited on one side by said ram; a multipart insulation nozzle system having a primary nozzle, an auxiliary nozzle, and an electric arc chamber, said primary nozzle and said auxiliary nozzle defining a heating channel formed between said primary nozzle and said auxiliary nozzle, said heating channel originating from said electric arc chamber and opening in said gas reservoir; said auxiliary nozzle having a mounting and said ram being attached to said mounting of said auxiliary nozzle; and a wall, said gas reservoir being radially delimited by said wall, at least in part, in respect of the switch axis, wherein said movement contact unit in respect of said wall is movably mounted along the switch axis and in that said ram is part of said movement contact unit and is movably mounted together with said movement contact unit in respect of said second contact in such a way that said ram during an opening process of said first and second contact units moves along the switch axis away from said second contact in order to enlarge said gas reservoir.

2. The gas-insulated switch according to claim 1, wherein said wall delimiting, at least partially, said gas reservoir is a constituent part of said second contact unit.

3. The gas-insulated switch according to claim 1, wherein said ram is aligned substantially vertically in respect of the switch axis.

4. The gas-insulated switch according to claim 1, wherein said ram, in respect of the switch axis, is configured rotation-symmetrically.

5. The gas-insulated switch according to claim 1, wherein said first contact is a tulip contact and said second contact is a pin contact.

6. The gas-insulated switch according to claim 1, wherein said wall is part of said primary nozzle.

7. A high voltage switching configuration, comprising: a gas-insulated switch, containing: a first contact unit having a first contact and second contact unit having a second contact; said first contact and said first contact unit being a movement contact unit connected to a drive unit and is movably mounted along a switch axis; a gas reservoir; a ram, said gas reservoir being delimited on one side by said ram; a multipart insulation nozzle system having a primary nozzle, an auxiliary nozzle, and an electric arc chamber, said primary nozzle and said auxiliary nozzle defining a heating channel formed between said primary nozzle and said auxiliary nozzle, said heating channel originating from said electric arc chamber and opening in said gas reservoir; said auxiliary nozzle having a mounting and said ram being attached to said mounting of said auxiliary nozzle; and a wall, said gas reservoir being radially delimited by said wall, at least in part, in respect of the switch axis, wherein said movement contact unit in respect of said wall is movably mounted along the switch axis and in that said ram is part of said movement contact unit and is movably mounted together with said movement contact unit in respect of said second contact in such a way that said ram during an opening process of said first and second contact units moves along the switch axis away from said second contact in order to enlarge said gas reservoir; and at least one vacuum switching tube, wherein said gas-insulated switch and said vacuum switching tube are connected in series.

8. The high voltage switching configuration according to claim 7, further comprising a control device for dividing a voltage between said gas-insulated switch and said vacuum switching tube.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

(1) FIG. 1 shows a cross-section through a gas-insulated switch having a movement contact unit and a fixed contact unit as well as a gas reservoir,

(2) FIG. 2 shows a gas-insulated switch analogously to FIG. 1 with an additional electric arc extinguishing volume,

(3) FIG. 3 shows a gas-insulated switch analogously to FIG. 1 with an electric arc extinguishing volume in the primary insulation nozzle, and

(4) FIG. 4 shows a series connection of the described gas-insulated switch having a vacuum switching tube and control devices connected in parallel thereto.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(5) FIG. 1 shows a cross-section through a gas-insulated switch, which has a first contact 4, which is designed in form of a tulip contact 30, and which has a second contact 6, which is designed in form of a pin contact 32. Both contacts 30, 32 are integrated, respectively, into a contact unit 8, 9, a first contact unit 8 and a second contact unit 9. The two contacts 30 and 32, during an opening process or closing process of the gas-insulated switch 2, are mounted along a switch axis 10 so as to be translationally movable relative to each other. As a rule, it is not mandatory for the pin contact 32 to be designed as a fixed contact, the tulip contact 30, however, is designed as a moving contact. Thus the first contact unit 8 with the tulip contact 30 could also be called a movement contact unit.

(6) Further the gas-insulated switch 2 has an insulation nozzle system 12, which in particular comprises a primary nozzle 14 and an auxiliary nozzle 16 as well as a heating channel 18 formed thereby. The heating channel 18 extends from an electric arc chamber 20 to a gas reservoir 22. The electric arc chamber 20 is the chamber, which forms during opening of the contacts 30, 32 and in which a switching arc 21 occurs during the opening process.

(7) Here the gas reservoir 22 is delimited, on the one hand, by the auxiliary nozzle 16 on a radial inside in this embodiment and radially by a wall 26 from the switch axis 10 towards the outside. These two delimitations by the auxiliary nozzle 16 and the wall 26 extend radially circumferentially, but parallel to the switch axis 10. Furthermore a ram 24 is provided, which axially delimits the gas reservoir 22. This means that the ram 24 extends substantially vertically, but rotation-symmetrically to the switch axis 10 and is movably mounted at least in respect of the wall 26. This means that the ram 24 is a fixed component of the movement contact unit 8, whereas the wall 26 is not part of this movement contact unit 8. In a preferred embodiment depicted in FIG. 1 the wall 26 may be a component of the second contact unit 9, it may be realized as an extension of the main insulating nozzle 14. But the wall 26 may also be mechanically decoupled from the fixed contact unit 9 and for example (not depicted) arranged on the housing of the switch 2.

(8) During an opening movement of the switch 2 the tulip contact 30 and the pin contact 32, driven by a drive device 11, move along the switch axis 10 away from each other. During opening of the contacts 30, 32 a switching arc 21 is created. Due to the switching arc 21 the insulating medium, substantially in gas form, present in the electric arc chamber is heated and pressed via the heating channel 18 into the gas reservoir 22. The movement of the gas along the heating channel 18 occurs, in particular, due to the rise in temperature and the resulting volume expansion. This volume expansion in turn leads to the insulating medium 23 being pressed against the ram 24 at such a high energy that the translational movement of the first contact unit 8, which essentially comprises the tulip contact 30, the auxiliary nozzle 16 and the ram 24, takes place so quickly that the speed of the movement caused by the drive is exceeded. This is therefore an additional acceleration of the movement contact unit 8 away from the fixed contact 32. As a result the gas reservoir 22 is enlarged and the ram 24 moves in direction of the arrow 25.

(9) Thus, with the described opening mechanism of switch 2, the energy of the electric arc 21 is utilized in order to speed up the opening of the switch 2 and thereby also increase the separating distance between the two contacts 30, 32. In this way the electric arc 21 is also extinguished. This may be relevant in particular then, when the switch 2 is connected in series with a vacuum switching tube 48, as depicted in FIG. 4. This series connection will be discussed in more detail further below.

(10) With the arrangement described in FIG. 1 a self-blowing volume known as a self-blowing switch for extinguishing the switching arc 21 is omitted. The total electric arc energy is thus spent on speeding up the opening of the contact units 8, 9. But it may also be convenient for the energy from the electric arc to be divided and to be used, on the one hand, for a speeded-up opening of the switch 2/the contact units 8 and 9 and for another part of the electric arc energy to be directed analogously to the self-blowing switch into an electric arc extinguishing volume 34, wherein again, analogously to the known self-blowing switch, a compression volume 38 is also present, which opens at a certain counter-pressure and raises the pressure in the electric arc extinguishing volume 34, thereby initiating a return flow of the heated insulating medium 23 through a branched-off heating channel 18′ into the electric arc chamber 20 and resulting in an extinction of the switching arc 21. This is depicted in FIG. 2 insofar as the device in FIG. 1 additionally comprises a second wall 36 aligned radially in respect of the switch axis 10, wherein said wall is a component of the second contact unit 9, which again at least partially radially surrounds the gas reservoir 22 and the first contact unit 8. With this embodiment it is possible that on the one hand the speed of the opening movement for the same amount of drive energy is increased and in parallel thereto a further part of the energy of the switching arc 21 is utilized for electric arc extinction.

(11) In FIG. 3 an alternative embodiment of the advantageous representation as in FIG. 2 is depicted, which again reverts back to the switch 2 as in FIG. 1, but which is constructed such that the electric arc extinguishing volume 34 is installed in the primary nozzle 14, wherein here flow control is constructively ensured, as required, by way of a hot gas channel 44 and a cold gas channel 42 as well as an appropriate arrangement of flow control elements 40. Furthermore a compression volume 38 not shown may again be provided here, via which insulation medium 23 may be additionally pressed via a respective compression channel 46 into the electric arc extinguishing volume 34.

(12) In FIG. 4 a power switch 52 is depicted, which comprises a gas-insulated switch 2 and a vacuum switching tube 48. Parts of the power switch 52 are one or two control devices 50, which are connected in parallel with the respective switching units, the gas-insulated switch 2 and the vacuum switching tube 48. The control device 50 is for example a series connection or a parallel connection between a capacitor and a resistance or merely a resistance. This arrangement has the effect that for example a vacuum switching tube 48, which is designed for a rated voltage level of 145 kV or 245 kV, can be employed in conjunction with the gas-insulated switch 2 switchable under load, also a circuit breaker at rated levels higher by several hundred kilovolt than the nominally provided voltage levels. In this way the technical expenditure for manufacturing the vacuum switching tube 48 is distinctly reduced, which leads to smaller installation spaces and lower manufacturing costs. An important prerequisite for achieving this is the described gas-insulated switch 2, which is based on the technology of a commonly used self-blowing switch, but which is modified in respect of this switch in such a way that it can be opened under load, in particular also in case of a short-circuit, and results in a rapid dielectric reconsolidation.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

(13) 2 gas-insulated switch 4 first contact 6 second contact 8 contact unit first contact 9 contact unit second contact 10 switch axis 12 insulation nozzle system 14 primary nozzle 16 auxiliary nozzle 18 heating channel 20 electric arc chamber 21 switching arc 22 gas reservoir 23 insulating medium 24 ram 25 movement direction of ram 26 wall 28 mounting 30 tulip contact 32 pin contact 34 electric arc extinguishing volume 36 second wall 38 compression volume 40 flow control element 42 cold gas channel 44 hot gas channel 46 compression channel 48 vacuum switching tube 50 control device 52 power switch