Methods for improving milk letting down in milch animals

Abstract

The invention concerns herbal compositions which improve lactation of farmed livestock comprising an effective amount of an extract and/or at least one bioactive fraction or powder from herbs such as Asparagus, Gossypium, Foeniculum, Lepidium, Chlorophytum, Ipomoea, Withania, Leptadenia and optionally dicalcium phosphate, chelated minerals and/or mineral mixture.

Claims

1. A method for improving milk letting down in a milch animal comprising: selecting a milch animal with a let-down problem, and feeding an effective amount of an herbal composition to the milch animal with the let-down problem, wherein the herbal composition comprises at least four powders or extracts obtained from (i) Asparagus racemosus, (ii)Gossypium arboreum, (iii) Foeniculum vulgare or Chlorophytum borivilianum, and (iv) Lepidium sativum or Ipomoea digitata, thereby improving milk letting down in the milch animal with the let-down problem.

2. A method of claim 1 wherein the powder or extract in (iii) is obtained from Foeniculum vulgare.

3. A method of claim 2 wherein the powder or extract in (iv) is obtained from Lepidium sativum.

4. A method of claim 2 wherein the powder or extract in (iv) is obtained from Ipomoea digitata.

5. A method of claim 2 wherein the herbal composition further comprises a powder or extract obtained from Withania somnifera.

6. A method of claim 2 wherein the herbal composition further comprises a powder or extract obtained from Leptadenia reticulata.

7. A method of claim 2 wherein the herbal composition further comprises a powder or extract obtained from Withania somnifera and a powder or extract derived from Leptadenia reticulata.

8. A method of claim 2, wherein the herbal composition further comprises one or more additives in an amount, by percent weight of the herbal composition, of 5 to 50% (w/w).

9. A method of claim 1 wherein the powder or extract in (iv) is obtained from Lepidium sativum.

10. A method of claim 1 wherein the powder or extract in (iv) is obtained from Ipomoea digitata.

11. A method of claim 1 wherein the herbal composition further comprises a powder or extract obtained from Withania somnifera.

12. A method of claim 1 wherein the herbal composition further comprises a powder or extract obtained from Leptadenia reticulata.

13. A method of claim 1 wherein the herbal composition further comprises a powder or extract from Withania somnifera and a powder or extract obtained from Leptadenia reticulata.

14. A method of claim 1 wherein the herbal composition further comprises one or more additives selected from dicalcium phosphate, dolomite, calcite, and minerals.

15. A method of claim 14, wherein the minerals are chelated minerals.

16. A method for improving milk letting down in a milch animal comprising: selecting a milch animal with a let-down problem, and feeding an effective amount of an herbal composition to the milch animal with the let-down problem, wherein the herbal composition comprises at least four herbs in powder form selected from: (i) 40 to 70% (w/w) Asparagus racemosus, (ii) 5 to 20% (w/w) Gossypium arboretum, (iii) 10 to 25% (w/w) Foeniculum vulgare or 10 to 25% (w/w) Chlorophytum borivilianum, and (iv) 10 to 25% (w/w) Lepidium sativum or 10 to 25% (w/w) Ipomoea digitata wherein the combined percentage does not exceed 100%, thereby improving milk letting down in the milch animal with the let-down problem.

17. A method of claim 16 wherein the herb in (iii) is Foeniculum vulgare.

18. A method of claim 16 wherein the herb in (iv) is Lepidium sativum.

19. A method of claim 16 wherein the herb in (iv) is Ipomoea digitata.

20. A method of claim 16 further comprising one or more additives selected from dicalcium phosphate, dolomite, calcite, and minerals.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) The invention relates to herbal feed compositions for solving problem of letting down of milk in milch animals. More specifically, the present invention is related to an alternative herbal based composition for improving milk letting down in cattle. The herbal composition acts on central nervous system, giving stress free anxiolytic effect resulting in a smooth ejection. It makes the contraction of the cisternal cavity to facilitate milk ejection which helps the emptying of alveoli. The herbal composition increases the blood circulation in the udder which reduces the chances of occurrence of infections such as Mastitis, udder, oedema etc. The herbal composition reduces milk resurge time taken for the milk ejection after initiation of the tactile stimulus.

(2) The invention is a synergistic formulation of an effective amount of an extract and/or at least one bioactive fraction or powder from herbs such as Asparagus, Gossypium, Foeniculum, Lepidium, Chlorophytum, Ipomoea, Withania, Leptadenia etc. with or without dicalcium phosphate (DCP), dolomite, calcite, chelated minerals and mineral mixture. The DCP acts as a source of calcium and phosphorous.

(3) The compositions can be used in several forms: powdered feed form, concentrate form, blender form and base mix form.

(4) As used herein, the term “effective amount” means an amount necessary to achieve a desired result in solving problem of letting down of milk in milch animals.

(5) The herbal feed compositions for solving problem of letting down of milk in milch animals mainly comprises the mixture of effective amount of an extract or bioactive fraction or powder of following medicinal herbs:

(6) 1. Asparagus racemosus: Family—Asparagaceae

(7) It is a tall climbing, much-branched, spiny shrub with annual woody, white-grey or brown stems armed with strong, straight or recurved spines 0.5 -1.3 cm long; rootstock short, tuberous, bearing numerous fusiform, succulent tuberous roots 30-100 cm long and 1-2 cm thick. Flowers white, fragrant, small, crowded in simple and branched racemes 5-15 cm long. Fruits globose, red when ripe, 3-lobed, 0.4-0.6 cm in diameter.

(8) 2. Gossypium arboreum: Family: Malvaceae

(9) It is commonly called tree cotton, is a species of cotton native to India and Pakistan and other tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. There is evidence of its cultivation as long ago as 2000 BC by the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley for the production of cotton textiles. This species of cotton was introduced into East Africa by about 2000 years ago, and was grown by the Meroe civilization in Nubia, the first cotton weavers in Africa. The shrub was included in Linnaeus's Species Plantarum published in 1753. The holotype was also supplied by him, which is now in the Linnean Herbarium in the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

(10) 3. Foeniculum vulgare: Family: Apiaceae

(11) It is also known as common fennel and generally grows upto 1.5 mts high (Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients, Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, p. 169 (1980)). The dried ripe fruit of this herb is commonly called fennel seed. The plant is also known in Arabic as Shamar. The plant is found in North Africa (Egypt), India and South America.

(12) 4. Lepidium sativum: Family—Brassicaceae

(13) It is a fast-growing, edible plant botanically related to watercress and mustard and sharing their peppery, tangy flavor and aroma. In some regions, garden cress is known as garden pepper cress, pepper grass or pepperwort. Garden cress is a green perennial plant used as a leaf vegetable consumed by humans typically as a garnish. Undisturbed garden cress can grow to a height of two feet with minimal maintenance. When mature, garden cress produces white flowers, and small seedpods. Garden cress is used as a medicine in India in the system of ayurveda to prevent postnatal complications. Cress may be given to pet birds such as budgerigars for a healthy and fresh treat.

(14) 5. Chlorophytum borivilianum: Family—Liliaceae

(15) It is eaten as a leaf vegetable in some parts of India, and its roots are used medicinally as a sex tonic under the name safed moosli. Safed Musli was originally grown in thick forest in natural form, and is a traditional medicinal plant. Mainly its tuberous roots are used in ayurvedic medicines. Roots are used for the preparation of nutritive tonic used in general sexual weakness. Now-a-days, there is a very vast demand all over the world (Specially gulf countries and cold countries). Due to its vast demand it is very costly. Safed Musli is a herb with sub-erect leaves and tuberous root system. It can grow up to a maximum height of 1.5 ft. Tubers can grow up to a depth of 10″. Safed Musli is a tiny annual herb that grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates with altitudes up to 1500 meters. Safed Musli has its origin in the India Subcontinent.

(16) 6. Ipomoea digitata: Family—Convolvulaceae

(17) The genus occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises annual and perennial herbaceous plants, lianas, shrubs and small trees; most of the species are twining climbing plants.

(18) 7. Withania somnifera: Family—Solanaceae

(19) It is an erect, evergreen, grayish tomentose shrub 0.3-2 m tall, with fairly long, stout, fleshy, whitish-brown roots.Leaves simple, alternate or subopposite, broadly ovate, glabrous, 5-12 cm long and 2.5-7 cm wide, apex subacute, base unequal, margins entire, finely stellate-pubescent beneath; main nerves about 6 pairs; petioles 0.3-1.7 cm long. The roots are considered alternative, germicidal, aphrodisiac and diuretic; they are used in Ayurveda to treat ulcers, fever,dyspnoea, cough, consumption, dropsy, rheumatism, toxicosis and memory loss. The powdered roots mixed with equal parts of honey and ghee is thought to be beneficial for impotence or seminal debility. The roots as well as the bruised leaves are also used externally to treat ulcers, painful swellings and scabies. The total alkaloids present in the roots produce relaxant and anti spasmodic effects. The fruits and seeds are diuretic. The leaves are considered anthelmintic and bitter, and their infusion is given to relieve fever.

(20) 8. Leptadenia reticulata: Family—Asclepiadaceae

(21) It is known as jivanti (or svarnajivantz) in Sanskrit literature, the name (jiv=life) indicates that the plant is considered to have the ability to bestow health and vigour. It is considered to be a rasayana and included among the 10 drugs constituting the Jivaniya gana or ‘vitalising group. Found in the sub-Himalayan tracts of Punjab and Uttar Pradesh and throughout the Deccan peninsula up to an altitude of 900 m and found particularly in hedges. It is also distributed throughout Mauritius, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, the Himalayas and Burma. A twining shrub, with numerous branches, the stems of which have a cork-like, deeply cracked bark, glabrous in the younger ones. Leaves coriaceous, ovate, acute, glabrous above, finely pubescent below. Flowers greenish-yellow, in lateral or subaxillary cymes, often with small hairs. Fruit follicles may be woody. The external surface of the root is rough, white or buff coloured with longitudinal ridges and furrows, and in transverse section, the wide cork, lignified stone cell layers and medullary rays can be seen.’ In commerce, the root samples vary from 3 to 10 cm in length and 1.5 to 5 cm in diameter.

(22) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Details of the medicinal herbs used in herbal feed compositions for solving problem of letting down of milk in milch animals are as below: Latin Common Geographical Parts Adverse S.No Binomial Names Distribution Used Quantity Effects 1 Asparagus Shatawari Throughout Roots & 20-70% None racemosus India Leaves Preferably 40% 2 Gossypium Kapasbeej Throughout Seeds 2.5-25% None arboreum India Preferably 10% 3 Foeniculum Badishep North India Seeds 10-70% None vulgare Preferably 25% 4 Lepidium Haliv Throughout Seeds 10-70% None sativum India Preferably 25% 5 Chlorophytum Safed Maharashtra & Roots 10-70% None borivilianum Musli Gujarat Preferably 25% 6 Ipomoea Vidarikanda Throughout Roots 10-70% None digitata India Preferably 25% 7 Withania Ashwagandha Throughout Roots & 10-70% None somnifera India Leaves Preferably 25% 8 Leptadenia Jeevanti Throughout Seeds, 10-70% None reticulata (Dori) India Leaf, Preferably Root & 25% whole plant

Process for Preparation of Herbal Feed Compositions

(23) Method-I

(24) The present invention herbal feed compositions are prepared by one type of method comprising the following steps:

(25) a) Obtaining the part of medicinal herb from a group comprising leaves, bark, root and aerial parts; b) drying the plant part of step (a); c) powdering the dried plant material of step (b) to a coarse powder; d) the dried and powdered plant material obtained in step (c) can be used directly to prepare the feed compositions by mixing the effective amount by weight of medicinal herb selected from the group of Asparagus racemosus, Gossypium arboreum (herbaceum), Foeniculum vulgare, Lepidium sativum, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Ipomoea digitata, Withania somnifera and Leptadenia reticulata to obtain the herbal feed composition. e) the above herbal compositions may be added with dicalcium phosphate or dolomite or calcite or chelated minerals or mineral nutrients.

(26) Method-II

(27) The present invention herbal feed compositions are prepared by another type of method comprising the steps as below:

(28) a) Obtaining the part of medicinal herb from a group comprising leaves, bark, root and aerial parts; b) drying the plant part of step (a); c) powdering the dried plant material of step (b) to a coarse powder; d) extracting the powdered dried plant material at a temperature in the range of 30 to 85° C.; e) extracting the plant material with water or alcohol or mixture of both for a period ranges from 6 hours to 6 days; f) concentrating the obtained extract under reduced pressure at a temperature in the range of 40 to 85° C.; g) the concentrated extract is subjected to removal of solvent; h) mixing the effective amount by weight of above concentrated extract of medicinal herb selected from the group of Asparagus racemosus, Gossypium arboreum (herbaceum), Foeniculum vulgare, Lepidium sativum, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Ipomoea digitata, Withania somnifera and Leptadenia reticulata to obtain the herbal feed composition. i) the herbal compositions may be added with dicalcium phosphate or dolomite or calcite or chelated minerals or mineral nutrients.

EXAMPLES

(29) The following specific examples presented to illustrate the herbal feed compositions for solving problem of letting down of milk in milch animals prepared by above said method I, but do not limit the scope of the invention and additional compositions are being prepared and tested.

(30) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Specific combinations prepared are as following: A) Medicinal Composition (% by weight) Herb I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII Asparagus 20 30 40 50 60 70 40 50 30 30 30 25 50 45 40 35 25 20 racemosus Foeniculum 20 20 20 15 15 10 20 30 40 50 60 60 20 20 15 10 10 7.5 vulgare Lepidium 35 20 20 25 15 15 30 10 20 10 05 12.5 20 30 40 50 60 70 sativum Gossypium 25 25 20 10 10 05 10 10 10 10 05 2.5 10 05 05 05 05 2.5 arboreum B) Medicinal Composition (% by weight) Herb I II III IV V VI VII Asparagus racemosus 50 50 50 100 — — — Foeniculum vulgare, 50 — — — 100 — — Lepidium sativum — 50 — — — 100 — Gossypium arboreum — — 50 — — — 100

(31) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Specific combinations prepared are as following: A) Medicinal Composition (% by weight) Herb I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII Asparagus 20 30 40 50 60 70 40 50 30 30 30 25 50 45 40 35 25 20 racemosus Chlorophytum 20 20 20 15 15 10 20 30 40 50 60 60 20 20 15 10 10 7.5 borivilianum Ipomoea 35 20 20 25 15 15 30 10 20 10 05 12.5 20 30 40 50 60 70 digitata Gossypium 25 25 20 10 10 05 10 10 10 10 05 2.5 10 05 05 05 05 2.5 arboreum B) Medicinal Composition (% by weight) Herb I II III IV V VI VII Asparagus racemosus 50 50 50 100 — — — Chlorophytum 50 — — — 100 — — borivilianum Ipomoea digitata — 50 — — — 100 — Gossypium arboreum — — 50 — — — 100

(32) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Specific combinations prepared are as following: Composition (% by weight) Ingredient I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII Asparagus 20 25 35 45 55 65 35 35 25 25 25 20 45 40 35 30 25 20 racemosus Foeniculum 15 25 20 15 15 10 30 25 20 30 50 50 10 20 15 10 10 7.5 vulgare Lepidium 20 25 10 15 15 15 20 10 25 10 05 12.5 10 20 20 30 40 50 sativum Gossypium 7.5 10 7.5 7.5 7.5 2.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 05 2.5 7.5 05 05 2.5 2.5 2.5 arboreum Dicalcium 37.5 15 27.5 17.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 22.5 22.5 27.5 15 15 27.5 15 25 27.5 22.5 20 phosphate (DCP)

(33) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Specific combinations prepared are as following: Composition (% by weight) Ingredient I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII Asparagus 20 25 35 45 55 65 35 35 25 25 25 20 45 40 35 30 25 20 racemosus Chlorophytum 15 25 20 15 15 10 30 25 20 30 50 50 10 20 15 10 10 7.5 borivilianum Ipomoea 20 25 10 15 15 15 20 10 25 10 05 12.5 10 20 20 30 40 50 digitata Gossypium 7.5 10 7.5 7.5 7.5 2.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 05 2.5 7.5 05 05 2.5 2.5 2.5 arboreum Dicalcium 37.5 15 27.5 17.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 22.5 22.5 27.5 15 15 27.5 15 25 27.5 22.5 20 phosphate (DCP)

(34) The study is conducted on a sample of 25 cattle (buffaloes/cows) which are having the problems of letting down of milk from many days by one or the other reason and are routinely treated with injectable oxytocin. The above selected cattle are injected with injectable oxytocin for 10 days and during which the milk yield is recorded from each cattle whenever the injection is given. Then after a gap of 5 days the same above cattle are fed by the herbal composition of present invention specifically composition no. V of Table-2A at a recommended dose of 15 g/day/cattle for a period of 10 days and during which also the milk yield recorded from each cattle. The feed composition has not only solved problems letting down of milk in cattle but also shown rise in milk by 250-500 ml/day after 3 days from the date of feeding. It also solved the problems of side effects associated with giving injectable oxytocin. Hence the composition serves for solving the problem of letting down of milk in milch animals without harming the cattle in every respect and also increases the acceptance of the milk by people without doubts in their mind by producing hygienic milk.

(35) A synergistic effect is achieved when the above said herbs are included in a composition, preferably at least four herbs over those fed without the herbal composition. Thus, one embodiment of the invention provides a method of selecting herbs for compositions according to these principles. It is an important aspect of the combination herbal preparation of the present invention that it contains a mixture of herbs, or extracts of herbs. An unexpected synergistic effect is exhibited by the various ingredients of the herbal preparation of the present invention. The strategic combination of herbs of the present invention exhibits beneficial effects when optimally combined as discussed above. The advantage of the polyherbal composition also minimizes the risk of development of drug resistance.

(36) Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

(37) Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

(38) The terms “a,” “an,” “the” and similar referents used in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

(39) Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

(40) Certain embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

(41) Specific embodiments disclosed herein can be further limited in the claims using consisting of or and consisting essentially of language. When used in the claims, whether as filed or added per amendment, the transition term “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claims. The transition term “consisting essentially of” limits the scope of a claim to the specified materials or steps and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s). Embodiments of the invention so claimed are inherently or expressly described and enabled herein.

(42) In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Other modifications that can be employed are within the scope of the invention. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation, alternative configurations of the present invention can be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to that precisely as shown and described.