Small molecule securinine and norsecurinine analogs and their use in cancers, inflammatory diseases and infections

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel securinine and norsecurine analogs and their applicapility in treating cellular proliferative disorders.

Claims

1. A securinine or norsecurinine analog of the structure: ##STR00470## wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.24 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.24 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.24 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.20 aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkenyl containing from 5-6 ring atoms (wherein from 1-3 of the ring atoms is independently selected from N, NH, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), NC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), O, and S), isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, octyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclo cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl; isopropenyl, cyclopentenyl; benzyl, phenyl, aminophenyl, dimethylaminophenyl, azidophenyl, methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, butylphenyl, t-butylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl, cyanophenyl, pyridyl, N-oxide pyridyl, ethoxy, N-dimethylaminomethyl, N-diethylaminomethyl, N-dipropylaminomethyl, (triisopropylsilyl)oxymethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, phenoxymethyl, benzoxymethyl, t-butoxymethyl, propenyloxymethyl, thienyl, methoxynaphthalenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenyl, phenylmethyl, phenylmethylpropyl, pyran, phenol, cyclohexyl, hexyl, pentyl, propyl, ethyl, methyl, heptyl, octyl, nitro, nitroso, fluoromethylphenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, bistrifluoromethylphenyl, bromophenyl, dibromophenyl, oxyethyl, hydroxylethyl, O-methylphenyl, fluorophenyl, cyclopropyl, methylcyclopentyl, heteroarene, azido, imino, O-methylnapthyl, napthyl, anthracyl, phenanthracyl, pyrimidyl, furyl, diethylmethyl ether, thiophyl, thioaryl, thioalkyl, phenylnitryl, sulfhydryl, sulfyl, sulfonato, carboxy, aniline, anisole, phenylmethanol, biphenyl, phenylamyl, nitrile, O tri fluoro methyl, di fluoro phenyl, siyl, silyl ether, O-(triisopropyl)silyl, methyl-O-(triisopropyl)silyl, methyl-O-methyl, phenylmethylnitryl, butylnitryl, carboxyato, methyl-O t-butyl, phenyl-O-(trifluoro)methyl, propylphenyl, dimethylamine, methylamine, phospho, trimethylamine, dimethylaminophenyl, dipropylmethylamine, toluene, xylene, aniline, or combinations thereof.

2. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the securinine or norsecurinine analog of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, further comprising a vaccinating antigen.

4. A method of inhibiting the proliferation human leukemia cells in a subject, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of the securinine or norsecurinine analog of claim 1 to the subject.

5. A securinine or norsecurnine analog of the structure selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00471## ##STR00472## ##STR00473## ##STR00474## ##STR00475## ##STR00476## ##STR00477## ##STR00478## ##STR00479## ##STR00480## ##STR00481## ##STR00482## ##STR00483## ##STR00484##

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows an overview of the synthesis of securinine and norsecurinine analogs.

(2) FIG. 2 shows an overview of the basic structure of securinine and norsecurinine analogs.

DESCRIPTION

(3) The present invention provides for securinine and norsecurinine derived small molecules, namely synthetic analogs of securinine and norsecurinine. The present invention in part provides for a non-reduced γ,δ double bond of securinine with functional groups attached at C14, based on the following numbering:

(4) ##STR00005##
The present invention also provides for further analogs derived from the norsecurinine isomer with a non-reduced γ,δ double bond with functional groups attached at C14. The present invention also provides for compounds with a reduced γ,δ double bond of securinine and norsecurinine and functional groups attached at the C14 and/or C15.

(5) The present invention provides for securinine and norsecurinine derived compounds of the following formula:

(6) ##STR00006##
X═C, C—C, C═C, C≡C R=alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroatom, etc., and

(7) ##STR00007##
wherein X is a C, C—C, C═C or C═C and R is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.24 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.24 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.24 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.20 aryl, hydrogen, halogen, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkenyl containing from 5-6 ring atoms (wherein from 1-3 of the ring atoms is independently selected from N, NH, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), NC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl), O, and S), isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, octyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclo cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl; isopropenyl, cyclopentenyl; benzyl, phenyl, aminophenyl, dimethylaminophenyl, azidophenyl, methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, butylphenyl, t-butylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl, cyanophenyl, pyridyl, N-oxide pyridyl, ethoxy, N-dimethylaminomethyl, N-diethylaminomethyl, N-dipropylaminomethyl, (triisopropylsilyl)oxymethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, phenoxymethyl, benzoxymethyl, t-butoxymethyl, propenyloxymethyl, thienyl, methoxynaphthalenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenyl, phenylmethyl, phenylmethylpropyl, pyran, phenol, cyclohexyl, hexyl, pentyl, propyl, ethyl, methyl, heptyl, octyl, nitro, nitroso, fluoromethylphenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, bistrifluoromethylphenyl, bromophenyl, dibromophenyl, oxyethyl, hydroxylethyl, O-methylphenyl, fluorophenyl, cyclopropyl, methylcyclopentyl, heteroarene, azido, imino, O-methylnapthyl, napthyl, anthracyl, phenanthracyl, pyrimidyl, furyl, diethylmethyl ether, thiophyl, thioaryl, thioalkyl, phenylnitryl, sulfhydryl, sulfyl, sulfonato, carboxy, aniline, anisole, phenylmethanol, biphenyl, phenylamyl, nitrile, O tri fluoro methyl, di fluoro phenyl, siyl, silyl ether, O-(triisopropyl)silyl, methyl-O-(triisopropyl)silyl, methyl-O-methyl, phenylmethylnitryl, butylnitryl, carboxyato, methyl-O t-butyl, phenyl-O-(trifluoro)methyl, propylphenyl, dimethylamine, methylamine, phospho, trimethylamine, dimethylaminophenyl, dipropylmethylamine, toluene, xylene, aniline, or combinations thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. By way of example, R may include the following structures:

(8) ##STR00008##

(9) The present invention provides for small molecule alkynyl analogues of securinine and norsecurinine of the following formula:

(10) ##STR00009##
wherein R or R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.24 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.24 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.24 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.20 aryl, heteroaryl, hydrogen, halogen, heterocycloalkenyl containing from 5-6 ring atoms (wherein from 1-3 of the ring atoms is independently selected from N, NH, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), NC(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), O, and S), isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, octyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclo cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl; isopropenyl, cyclopentenyl; benzyl, phenyl, aminophenyl, dimethylaminophenyl, azidophenyl, methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, butylphenyl, t-butylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl, cyanophenyl, pyridyl, N-oxide pyridyl, ethoxy, N-dimethylaminomethyl, N-diethylaminomethyl, N-dipropylaminomethyl, (triisopropylsilyl)oxymethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, phenoxymethyl, benzoxymethyl, t-butoxymethyl, propenyloxymethyl, thienyl, methoxynaphthalenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenyl, phenylmethyl, phenylmethylpropyl, pyran, phenol, cyclohexyl, hexyl, pentyl, propyl, ethyl, methyl, heptyl, octyl, nitro, nitroso, fluoromethylphenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, bistrifluoromethylphenyl, bromophenyl, dibromophenyl, oxyethyl, hydroxylethyl, O-methylphenyl, fluorophenyl, cyclopropyl, methylcyclopentyl, heteroarene, azido, imino, O-methylnapthyl, napthyl, anthracyl, phenanthracyl, pyrimidyl, furyl, diethylmethyl ether, thiophyl, thioaryl, thioalkyl, phenylnitryl, sulfhydryl, sulfyl, sulfonato, carboxy, aniline, anisole, phenylmethanol, biphenyl, phenylamyl, nitrile, O tri fluoro methyl, di fluoro phenyl, siyl, silyl ether, O-(triisopropyl)silyl, methyl-O-(triisopropyl)silyl, methyl-O-methyl, phenylmethylnitryl, butylnitryl, carboxyato, methyl-O t-butyl, phenyl-O-(trifluoro)methyl, propylphenyl, dimethylamine, methylamine, phospho, trimethylamine, dimethylaminophenyl, dipropylmethylamine, toluene, xylene, aniline, or combinations thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. By way of example, R and R1 may include the following structures:

(11) ##STR00010## ##STR00011##

(12) The present invention provides for securinine and norsecurinine analogs with a functional group affixed at C14 and a non-reduced γ,δ double bond. The γ-iodo derivative of securinine (C14-iodo derivative of securinine, INVS-MG-52A) can be prepared from securinine using N-iodosuccinimide in MeOH (see, Li et al, Tetrahedron 2012, 68, 3972-3979):

(13) ##STR00012##
During the product isolation from the reaction mixture, side products INVS-MG-52B and INVS-MG-52D may also be isolated. The intermediates INVS-MG-52A and INVS-MG-52B can then be adapted to prepare further C-14 analogs of securinine. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the analogs described herein can further be obtained through modifications to the synthetic pathways as those described herein.

(14) An example of the synthesis of C-14 alkyl/aryl analogs of securinine can be prepared using INVS-MG-52A and the corresponding boronic acids/esters as follows:

(15) ##STR00013##

(16) By way of example, and not by way of limitation, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)dichloride can be added to a solution comprising INVS-MG-52A or INVS-MG-52B in a solvent, such as anhydrous toluene or tetrahydrofuran, followed by adding the corresponding boronic acid and potassium carbonate/water. The reaction mixture can then be degassed under nitrogen atmosphere and then heated to 80° C. to 100° C. The reaction mixture may then be extracted, dried and concentrated. The crude product can be purified by chromatography using an appropriate solvent system to afford the desired C-14 alkyl/aryl analog of securinine in 40-70% yield. The following C-14 alkyl/aryl analogs of securinine have been synthesized employing the above:

(17) ##STR00014##

(18) The process comprising the synthesis of C-14 alkynyl analogs of securinine and norsecurinine can be prepared using INVS-MG-52A or INVS-MG-52B and the corresponding terminal alkynes as outlined below.

(19) ##STR00015##
wherein R=alkyl, aryl or vinylic.

(20) By way of further example, to a solution of INVS-MG-52A or INVS-MG-52B in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane/tetrahydrofuran may be added bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)dichloride, copper (I) iodide and tryethylamine. The reaction mixture can be then degassed under nitrogen atmosphere and then gradually heated to 80° C. Heat can then be removed to bring the reaction mixture to room temperature, and the corresponding alkyne added. The reaction mixture can then be poured in water and extracted, such as with ethylacetate, and then dried and concentrated. The following C-14 alkynyl analogs of securinine have been synthesized employing the above procedure:

(21) ##STR00016## ##STR00017## ##STR00018## ##STR00019## ##STR00020## ##STR00021## ##STR00022##

(22) In another variation, the process comprising the synthesis of various pharmaceutically useful salts can be prepared as follows: a securinine or norsecurinine analog may be dissolved in 1,4-dioxane added to a 2N HCl/1,4-dioxane solution mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture may be stirred as the product slowly precipitates. Hexanes or ether can then be added and the solids then filtered and washed to obtain the corresponding HCl salts. Similarly, a securinine analog can be dissolved in methanol and tartaric acid then added. The reaction mixture can be gradually heated to 80° C. as the product slowly precipitates. Ether can then be added and the solids filtered and washed to obtain the corresponding tartarate salts. Further still, securinine or norsecurinine analogs may be dissolved in methanol with tartaric acid added. The reaction mixture may be heated to 80° C. and product allowed to precipitate. Ether may then be added and the solids filtered and washed to obtain the corresponding tartarate salts. The following various pharmaceutically useful salts of securinine analogs have been thusly prepared, isolated and identified:

(23) ##STR00023## ##STR00024## ##STR00025## ##STR00026## ##STR00027## ##STR00028##

(24) The following list provides an example of securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs produced by the methods described herein:

(25) TABLE-US-00001 Sample Code Structure Securinine INV-2B (INVS-MG-34B) 0 INV-26C/ INVS-MG-37B/ Sec-7/Sec-22 INVS-MG-3B INVS-MG-4B INVS-MG-7C INVS-MG-9A INVS-MG-12A INVS-MG-14B INVS-MG-16A INVS-MG-5A INVS-MG-26A 0 INVS-MG-27B INVS-MG-28B INVS-MG-29A INVS-MG-30A INVS-MG-19A Sec-1 INVS-MG-5B INVS-MG-5C Sec-2 Sec-3 0 INVS-MG-20B INVS-MG-21B Sec-4 Sec-5 Sec-6 Sec-8 Sec-9 Sec-11 Sec-12 Sec-13 0 Sec-15 Sec-16 Sec-17 Sec-18/20 Sec-23 INVS-MG-46B INVG-27-2/ INVS-MG-52B INVG-Z-27-4/ INVS-MG-52D INVG-28-1/ INVS-MG-56B INVS-MG-54B 0 INVS MG-25-B INVS-MG-57A INVS-MG- 55B/57B INVS-MG- 58C/34B INVS-MG-63B INVS-MG-64A Sec-19 Sec-21 INVS-MG-65B INVS-MG-70 0 INVS-MG-71 INVS-MG- 72/12A INVS-MG-59/ Sec-22/INV-26C INVS-MG-60 INVS-MG-66B INVS-MG- 82/12A HCl salt INVS-MG-83   [CH(OH)COOH].sub.2 INVS-MG-84   [CH(OH)COOH].sub.2 INVS-MG-44 INVS-MG-86B 0 INVS-MG-94 INVS-MG-97 IIB INVS-MG-97 IIE INVS-MG-74A INVS-MG-52D INVS-MG-108-IIB INVS-MG-109-IIA INVS-MG-110B INVS-MG-105C INVS-MG-117B 00 INVS-MG-120A 01 INVS-MG-121A 02 INVS-MG-123B 03 INVS-MG-98B 04 INVS-MG-106B 05 INVS-MG-111B 06 INVS-MG-125A 07 INVS-MG-118-IIB 08 INVS-MG-111B 09 INVS-MG-113A 0 INVS-MG-110B INVS-MG-133-II INVS-MG-133B INVS-MG-137-II INVS-MG-124A INVS-MG-125A INVS-MG-152A INVS-MG-119A INVS-MG-119B INVS-MG-125 IIB 0 INVS-MG-147B INVS-MG-77 INVS-MG-52B INVS-MG-132A INVS-MG-134C INVS-MG-135B INVS-MG-145-II INVS-MG-86C INVS-MG-146-II INVS-MG-146B 0 INVS-MG-150B INVS-MG-136B INVS-MG-149B INVS-MG-149B′ INVS-MG-157-B INVS-MG-152-IIB INVS-MG-151B INVS-MG-158B INVS-MG-159A INVS-MG-160B 0 INVS-MG-161B INVS-MG-162B INVS-MG-163-IIB INVS-MG-167B INVS-MG-168B INVS-MG-169B INVS-MG-170B INVS-MG-175A INVS-MG-152-III INVS-MG-157-IIB 0 INVS-MG-157 III INVS-MG-158-IIB INVS-MG-158-III INVS-MG-169-IIB INVS-MG-164B INVS-MG-165B INVS-MG-166B INVS-MG-169-III INVS-MG-170-IIB INVS-MG-170-III 0 INVS-MG-172C INVS-MG-184B INVS-MG-146 IIIB INVS-MG-175V INVS-MG-193B INVS-MG-193-III INVS-MG-176B INVS-MG-176-II INVS-MG-179B INVS-MG-145- IIIA 0 INVS-MG-145-V INVS-MG-158- IVC INVS-MG-158-V INVS-MG-158-VI INVS-MG-165-IIB INVS-MG-99 IVD INVS-MG-99 IVDI INVS-MG-219A INVS-MG-220B INVS-MG-220C 0 str?? aromatic disturbed INVS-MG-221B INVS-MG-179-II INVS-MG-207A INVS-MG-207-II INVS-MG-207 IIIA INVS-MG-224A INVS-MG-222-III INVS-MG-165-III INVS-MG-99-IVB INV-SZ-117-3 0 INV-117-4 INV-SZ-118-2 INV-SZ-120-1 INVS-MG-222B INVS-MG-223B INV-SZ-125-3 INV-SZ-125-2 INV-SZ-125-1 INV-SZ-127-1 INVS-MG-184-IIB 00 INVS-MG-209A 01 INV-SZ-129-1 02 INV-SZ-134-1 03 INV-SZ-121-1 04 INV-SZ-113-2 05 INV-SZ-114-1 06 INV-SZ-115-1 07 INV-SZ-116-1 08 INV-SZ-133-1 09 INV-SZ-123-2 0 INV-SZ-123-3 INV-SZ-136-1 INV-SZ-137-1 INV-SZ-138-2 INV-SZ-140-1 INV-SZ-132-1 INV-SZ-141-1 INVS-MG-184-III INV-SZ-122-1 INVS-MG-111B 0 INVS-MG-136-III INVS-MG-144B INVS-MG-99 IVB-I INVS-MG-145A INVS-MG-146-II

(26) The present invention also provides for pharmaceutical compositions comprising the securinine and/or norsecurinine compounds described herein. The pharmaceutical compositions comprise at least one securinine or norsecurinine derivative as described herein or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which are known in the art. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include diluents, fillers, salts, buffers, stabilizers, solubilizers and other materials that are well-known in the art and may routinely comprise salt, buffering agents, preservatives, compatible carriers, and optionally other therapeutic agents. Those skilled in the art will understand that intermediate non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be used to prepare pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof and are not to be considered excluded from the scope of the invention. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may include, but are not limited to, those prepared from the following acids: hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, maleic, acetic, salicylic, citric, formic, malonic, succinic, and the like. Similarly, pharmaceutically-acceptable salts can be prepared as alkaline metal or alkaline earth salts, such as sodium, potassium or calcium salts.

(27) The securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs described herein may be formulated into preparations in solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous forms such as tablets, capsules, powders, granules, ointments, solutions, depositories, inhalants and injections, and usual ways for oral, parenteral, intravenal, intragastric, rectal, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intravascular, topical, ocular, intranasal, intratracheal, intracranial, intramuscular, intracardiac, intrathoracic, intracranial, or surgical administration. As may be evident, the securinine and norsecurinine compounds described herein may further be derived into a prodrug which, as is known in the art, involves covalently attaching a further group, such as a protecting group, to the compound that will be removed by the subject's own biology, such as through metabolizing the compound (e.g. by cytochrome p450 or other enzymatic reactions), enzymatic degradation, or through changes in surrounding pH or ionic environment or temperature (see, e.g. epharmacology.hubpages.com/hub/Pharmacological-Effects-Prodrugs-Definition-Examples-and-Sources-of-Drug-Information). Prodrugs may improve the administration, distribution, metabolism and/or excretion of the compound. Prodrugs may improve the half life of administered analogs, increase the therapeutic index or alter the effective dose (e.g., ED50). For example, a protecting group can be easily introduced as ethers or esters at the oxygen molecules attached methyl of the rearranged ring in norsecurinine.

(28) The present invention also provides methods of using the securinine and norsecurinine analogs described herein. The securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs may be administered to a cell, such as a cell of an organism in vivo or isolated from an organism in vitro or ex vivo. The cell may be part of an organ, such as the lungs, kidney, liver, intestine, brain, skin, gall bladder, circulatory system, heart, eye, testes, ovaries, bladder, prostate, colon or lymph. The cell may be within an organ system, such as the circulatory system, digestive system, cardiovascular system, immune system, lymphatic system, skeletal system, reproductive system, urinary system, endocrine system, respiratory system, muscular system or nervous system.

(29) The securinine analogs may be administered or be caused to come into contact with a small molecule, such as a protein, enzyme, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, ion, anion, lipid or amino acid, within or superficially to the cell and alter the small molecule's function within the cell, such as by improving catalytic activity (e.g. blocking suppressing molecules or improving access to a catalytic domain) or inhibiting an active site on the small molecule, such as a catalytic domain or a binding site for another interacting molecule. The cell may be isolated or be part of an organism, such as a eukaryote. The cell may be a diseased or malfunctioning cell, e.g. cells wherein undesired genes and proteins are being expressed. The cell may be an abnormally arrested cell, such that it is unable to properly mature.

(30) The methods of the present invention comprise selecting a cell or a subject in known or suspected need of treatment with the securinine and norsecurinine analogs described herein. For example, as set forth in the Examples below, securinine and norsecurinine analogs have demonstrated efficacy in treating or ameliorating various conditions, such as cell malignancy, cell proliferation, tumor growth, inflammation, immune system modulation, or myeloid disorders or enzyme catalytic action. The cell or subject may be selected by assaying for a suspected complication. A subject may be selected following a diagnosis of a physician upon analysis of the subject's symptoms and overall physiology. A cell may be selected based upon phenotype or known/identified classification. The subject may be an animal, such as a mammal, reptile, amphibian, bird or fish, or a plant. The subject may be a mammal, such as human, bovine, canine, feline, porcine, equine, murine, marsupial, ovine or related mammal. Cells or subjects appropriate for treatment can be determined with assays known in the art. For example, biomarkers, such as overexpressed or underexpressed proteins, deformed genes, or mutant post-translationally modified proteins can be detected by various mechanisms known in the art, such as chromatography, blotting, NMR, HPLC, ELISA, LC-MS/MS, and so forth. Following detection, further analysis may be performed as needed to confirm or refute the underlying condition.

(31) The methods of the present invention comprise treating or ameliorating a cell undergoing abnormal growth, such as a neoplastic cell, a malignant cell, a metastatic cell or a tumor cell. As described herein, securinine and norsecurinine analogs have demonstrated efficacy in treating various cells that are representative of uncontrolled or mutant cell growth. As is known in the art, cells can malfunction and begin to proliferate in an abnormal manner, the cause of which can be wide ranging including: DNA or gene mutations, improperly expressed or translated proteins, abnormal gene expression, abnormal DNA or gene repair, exposure to chemical carcinogens, inhibited apoptosis, environmental exposure, lifestyle choices or any combination thereof. The present invention provides in part methods of addressing or rectifying the abnormality within the cell(s) by administering the securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs described herein in a therapeutically effective amount, namely that amount that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue system, animal or human that is being sought, resulting in a beneficial effect for at least a statistically significant fraction of subjects, such as an improvement of symptoms, a cure, a reduction in disease load, reduction in tumor mass, extended life of the subject, or improved quality of life. Contacting cancerous cells with a securinine or norsecurinine analog of the present invention may cease or inhibit or reduce the rate of cancerous cell proliferation. Contacting cancerous cells with a securinine or norsecurinine analog of the present invention may trigger cancerous cell death or induce cancerous cell apoptosis. Contacting cancerous cells with a securinine or norsecurinine analog of the present invention may induce cellular differentiation, such as cell maturing and thereby reduce overall cell proliferation.

(32) The present invention also provides combination therapy for the treatment of a cancer or a cancerous cell by combining the securinine or norsecurinine analogs describes herein with a known chemotherapeutic agent. Cancerous cells may be part of a malignant or non-malignant cancer or tumor. Cancers or tumors include but are not limited to benign and malignant tumors; Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia, adrenocortical carcinoma, AIDS-related cancers, AIDS-related lymphoma, anal cancer, appendix cancer, astrocytoma (cerebellar or cerebral), basal-cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma), bladder cancer, bone tumor (osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma), brainstem glioma, brain cancer, brain tumor (cerebellar astrocytoma, cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma), breast cancer, bronchial adenomas/carcinoids, Burkitt's lymphoma, carcinoid tumor (gastrointestinal), carcinomas, cerebellar astrocytoma, cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chronic bronchitis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), colon cancer, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, emphysema, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, Ewing's sarcoma, extracranial germ cell tumor, extragonadal germ cell tumor, extrahepatic bile duct cancer, eye cancer (intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma), gallbladder cancer, gastric (stomach) cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), germ cell tumor (extracranial, extragonadal, or ovarian), gestational trophoblastic tumor, gastric carcinoid, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, heart cancer, hepatocellular (liver) cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, hypopharyngeal cancer, hypothalamic and visual pathway glioma, intraocular melanoma, islet cell carcinoma (endocrine pancreas), Kaposi sarcoma, kidney cancer (renal cell cancer), laryngeal cancer, leukemia (acute lymphoblastic, acute myeloid, chronic lymphocytic, chronic myelogenous), lip and oral cavity cancer, liposarcoma, liver cancer, lung cancer (non-small cell, small cell), lymphoma (AIDS-related, Burkitt, cutaneous T-Cell, Hodgkin, Non-Hodgkin, primary central nervous system), Macroglobulinemia, Waldenström, male breast cancer, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone/osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, Merkel cell cancer, mesothelioma, childhood, metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary, mouth cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases, myeloid leukemia, myeloma, multiple (cancer of the bone-marrow), myeloproliferative disorders, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma, oral cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, ovarian cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer, ovarian germ cell tumor, ovarian low malignant potential tumor, pancreatic cancer, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pheochromocytoma, pineal astrocytoma, pineal germinoma, pineoblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, pituitary adenoma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, sarcoma (Ewing family of tumors, Kaposi, soft tissue, uterine), Sézary syndrome, skin cancer, small cell lung cancer, small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, squamous neck cancer with occult primary, stomach cancer, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thymoma and thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, trophoblastic tumor, ureter and renal pelvis cancer, uterine cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma, vulvar cancer, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and Wilms tumor (kidney cancer).

(33) Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs described herein can be used in combination with each other.

(34) The present invention provides in part methods for treating cancerous cells by administering one or more of the securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs described herein to a cancerous cell, either in vitro or in vivo or ex vivo. The cancerous cell may be of a subject or derived from a subject with myeloid leukemia or a myeloid disorder including but not limited to: acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, myeloid proliferative dysplasias, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasias (MDS/MPN), myeloid and lymphoid neoplasias together with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB and FGFR1, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), systematic mastocytosis (SM), and myeloproliferative neoplasias not to be classified (MPN-U).

(35) As demonstrated herein, administration and/or contacting premyeloid and myeloid human leukemia cells (e.g. HL60, Molm-3 and OCI) with securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs described herein produced improved differentiation of the cells. The tested compounds and their respective results are produced in Table 1. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that combining the securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs with other differentiation inducing agents, such as all-trans retinoic acid, cytarabine and/or an anthracycline, would be of further benefit. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that inducing differentiation may further reduce oxidative damage due to lower presence of radical inducing enzymes (see, e.g., Yamada et al. J Biol Chem 259(5)3021-3025 (1984) and Weil et al., PNAS 84:2057-2061 (1987)).

(36) The present invention also provides in part methods of inducing differentiation in a cell, such as a cell of a subject. Inducing differentiating may be achieved by contacting or administering to an undifferentiated cell the securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs of the present invention. As described herein, the securinine and norsecurinine analogs of the present invention have demonstrated unexpected improved ability over the parent molecules in inducing the differentiation of an abnormal cell that is failing to properly mature, such as the differentiation of a myeloid cell to a granulocyte or a neutrophil. Other differentiation based disorders, such as AML and APL, as well as cancers in general which feature improperly differentiated cells over proliferating, can be regulated and induced into proper differentiation by administering or contacting the abnormally differentiated cell with a securinine and/or a norsecurinine derivative as described herein. These methods further include selecting a subject in need based on diagnosis of improperly differentiating cells and administering a therapeutically effective amount of securinine and/or norsecurinine derivative(s).

(37) The present invention also provides, in part, for treating cancer cells in general by administering to or contacting a cancerous cell with a securinine and/or norsecurinine derivative as described herein to thereby inhibit proliferation and/or cause cancer cell death. The securinine and norsecurinine analogs have demonstrated themselves to be also effective in inhibiting myeloid growth as well as encouraging myeloid differentiation which leads to the irreversible growth arrest of the cells (see Table 1). Further, as demonstrated in the Examples and as set forth in Table 2, the analogs of the present invention have shown efficacy in inhibiting acute myelocytic leukemia cell growth, colon cancer cell growth and ovarian cancer cell growth. Contacting or administering to a cancer cell or to a subject with cancer a securinine or norsecurinine derivative as described herein, in a therapeutically effective amount, provides for reduced proliferation and cell death of the cell or the cancerous cells of the subject. The present invention provides for methods of treating or ameliorating myeloid disorders by contacting or administering to a subject or a cell, such as a myeloid cell or regulating cell thereof or precursor thereof, the securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs of the present invention. Myeloid disorders are understood in the art and may include acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, myeloid proliferative dysplasias, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasias (MDS/MPN), myeloid and lymphoid neoplasias together with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB and FGFR1, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), systematic mastocytosis (SM), and myeloproliferative neoplasias not to be classified (MPN-U). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that myeloid disorders may be detected through the presence or expression of biomarkers, such as on the basis of a clonal marker (Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL fused gene). Further, the molecular basics of myeloid disorders may not be because of a single molecular defect, but within a multi-level process, for example, the a JAK2 mutation, activated tyrosine kinase PDGFR-A, PDGFR-B or FGFR1, or mutations of genes of epigenetic active proteins like TET2, EZH2, CBL (see, e.g. www.kim2.uniklinikum-jena.de/en/KIM+II/Haematology+and+Medical+Oncology/Consultation+Center+for+Myeloid+Di seases.html).

(38) The present invention also provides for methods of treating inflammatory or immune disorders in a subject comprising contacting a subject with the securinine and/or nor securinine analogs described herein. Securinine and/or securinine analogs can be used to stimulate monocytes that can lead to an enhancement of the immune response (see, e.g., Shipman et al. 2012, PLoS ONE 7(9): e41278. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041278). One use of this enhanced immune response is to assist the subject in controlling infections with pathogens.

(39) The present invention provides for methods of treating a condition as described herein with less adverse additional effects. As is known in the art, securinine antagonizes the GABA.sub.A receptor. The securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs may demonstrate reduced binding/antagonizing of the receptor (see, e.g. Neganova et al., Neurochem J. (2001) 5(3): 208-214). Unlike securinine which causes seizures in mice due to GABA receptor binding, none of the C14 or C15 substituted analogues cause seizures in mice at high doses (up to 100 mg/kg)

(40) The present invention provides for methods of using the securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs as an adjuvant. As is known in the art, an adjuvant refers to an agent that modifies the pharmacological effect or immunological effect of another agent. Adjuvants are frequently used in administered vaccines to subvert the immune response. Adjuvants can also stabilize formulations. Securinine is documented as stimulating monocytes through acting upon the GABA.sub.A receptor. Thus, the invention provides for administering the securinine and norsecurinine analogs as an immune adjuvant along with an antigen from which a desired vaccination is directed, such as dengue fever, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, distemper, small pox, chicken pox, shingles, ebola, HIV, anthrax, diphtheria, HBV, HPV, influenza, hepatitis (A and B), encephalitis, meningococcal, pertussis, pneumococcal, rabies, typhoid, tetanus, and yellow fever.

(41) The present invention further provides for methods of treating pathogens. Securinine is identified as a GABA.sub.A receptor antagonist with inhibitory activity against Toxoplasma gondii growth (Holmes et al. 2011 Exp. Parisitol. 127:370-375). Thus, the present invention provides for methods of inhibiting pathogen growth by contacting a pathogen with the securinine and/or norsecurinine analogs described herein.

Examples

Synthesis of Non-Reduced Analogs

(42) In another variation, γ-iodo derivative of securinine (C14-iodo derivative of securinine, INVS-MG-52A) can be prepared from securinine using N-iodosuccinimide in MeOH (Reported, Tetrahedron 2012, 68, 3972-3979). During the product isolation from the reaction mixture, side products INVS-MG-52B and INVS-MG-52D also isolated. Using the intermediates INVS-MG-52A and -52B, further C-14 analogs of securinine can be prepared as outlined below.

(43) ##STR00226##

(44) In one variation, the process comprising the synthesis of C-14 alkyl/aryl analogs of securinine can be prepared using INVS-MG-52A and the corresponding boronic acids/esters as outlined below.

(45) ##STR00227##
C-14 Alkyl/Aryl Analogs of Securinine:

(46) Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)dichloride (7 mg, 0.01 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of INVS-MG-52A (34.3 mg, 0.1 mmol) in anhydrous toluene or tetrahydrofuran (0.75 ml) followed by the corresponding boronic acid (0.2 mmol) and then potassium carbonate/water (20 mg, 0.15 mmol/75 uL). The reaction mixture was degassed under nitrogen atmosphere for 15 minutes and then gradually heated to 80° C. to 100° C. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC and the reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for 1 to 2 h until the starting material was completely consumed. The reaction mixture was poured in water (2 ml) and extracted with ethylacetate (2×3 ml) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated on the rotary evaporator. The crude product was dried under high vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography using appropriate solvent system to afford the desired C-14 alkyl/aryl analog of securinine in 40-70% yield. The following C-14 alkyl/aryl analogs of securinine have been synthesized employing the above. All the compounds were characterized by 1H NMR.

(47) ##STR00228##

(48) In another variation, the process comprising the synthesis of C-14 alkynyl analogs of securinine can be prepared using INVS-MG-52A and the corresponding terminal alkynes as outlined below.

(49) ##STR00229##
C-14 Alkynyl Analogs of Securinine:

(50) To a solution of INVS-MG-52A (26 mg, 0.075 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane/tetrahydrofuran (0.75 ml) was added bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)dichloride (2.6 mg, 0.00375 mmol), CuI (1.5 mg, 0.0075 mmol) and tryethylamine (52 uL, 0.375 mmol). The reaction mixture was degassed under nitrogen atmosphere for 10 minutes and then gradually heated to 80° C. At this point, the reaction mixture turned into homogeneous, clear, dark brown solution. Heating removed to bring the reaction mixture to room temperature, and the corresponding alkyne (0.1125 mmol) was added. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC and the reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for 1 to 2 h until the starting material was completely consumed. The reaction mixture was poured in water (2 ml) and extracted with ethylacetate (2×3 ml) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated on the rotary evaporator. The crude product was dried under high vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography using appropriate solvent system to afford the corresponding C-14 alkynyl analog of securinine. The following C-14 alkynyl analogs of securinine have been synthesized employing the above procedure in good yields (50-90%). All the compounds were characterized by 1H NMR.

(51) ##STR00230## ##STR00231## ##STR00232## ##STR00233## ##STR00234## ##STR00235## ##STR00236##
Preparation of Pharmaceutically Useful Salts:

(52) In another variation, the process comprising the synthesis of various pharmaceutically useful salts can be prepared from the corresponding securinine analogs as outlined below.

(53) Securinine analog (0.1 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 ml) and 2N HCl/1,4-dioxane solution was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes to 2 hours at 0° C. as the product slowly precipitated. 1 ml of hexanes or ether was added and the solids were filtered, washed with 1 ml of hexanes/ether to obtain the corresponding HCl salt.

(54) Securinine analog (0.1 mmol) was dissolved in methanol and tartaric acid (0.1 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was gradually heated to 80° C. for several hours as the product slowly precipitated. 1 ml of ether was added and the solids were filtered, washed with 1 ml of ether to obtain the corresponding tartarate salt.

(55) The following various pharmaceutically useful salts of securinine analogs have been prepared and characterized by 1H NMR

(56) ##STR00237## ##STR00238## ##STR00239## ##STR00240## ##STR00241## ##STR00242##
C-15 Reduced Analogs

(57) C-15 reduced analogs of securinine were prepared. C-15 analogs of securinine can be prepared by 1,6-conjugate addition of thials/amines following the general procedure outlined below.

(58) ##STR00243##
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that C-15 reduced analogs can be similarly prepared using norsecurinine:

(59) ##STR00244##

(60) 54.3 mg of securinine (0.25 mmol) and 0.3-0.4 mmol of the corresponding amine/thial were weighed in an oven dried reaction flask equipped with a septa or a 4 ml vial with a Teflon cap. 1 ml of acetonitrile followed by tryethylamine (139 uL, 1 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir about 8 h to 2 days at room temperature until the starting material was completely consumed or maximum product formation was observed. All the volatiles in the reaction mixture were evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel, using appropriate hexanes/acetone solvent system. The following C-15 analogs of securinine have been synthesized employing the above procedure in good yields (55-95%). All the compounds were characterized by 1H NMR.

(61) ##STR00245## ##STR00246## ##STR00247## ##STR00248## ##STR00249## ##STR00250## ##STR00251## ##STR00252##
Securinine and Norsecurinine Analogs Efficacy Against Cancer Cells

(62) The analogs were then tested and evaluated on the ability to affect differentiation and growth of HL60 cells. Represented compound biological data are displayed in Table 1:

(63) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Sample code Structure M. Wt HL-60, Dif50/IC50 Securinine 217.26 10 < Dif50 < 15 INV-2B (INVS- MG-34B) 293.42 15 < Dif50 < 20 INV-26C (INVS- MG-37B) 293.42 15 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-3B 333.49 15 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-4B 385.56 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-5A 449.47 5 < Dif50 < 7.5 INVS-MG-5B 333.37 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-5C 0 333.37 20 < Dif50 < 30 INVS-MG-7C 528.53 10 < Dif50 < 15 INVS-MG-9A 324.37 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-12A 343.16 0.5 < Dif50 < 0.75 INVS-MG-14B 347.49 20 < Dif ≦ 30 INVS-MG-16A 361.54 10 < Dif50 < 15 INVS-MG-19A 349.53 20 < Dif50 < 30 INVS-MG-20B 307.45 20 < Dif50 < 30 INVS-MG-21B 350.52 10 < Dif < 15 INVS-MG-25B 288.38 10 < Dif50 < 15 INVS-MG-26A 0 274.36 20 < Dif50 < 30 INVS-MG-27B 302.41 10 < Dif50 < 15 INVS-MG-28B 316.44 15 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-29A 330.46 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-30A 344.49 30 < Dif50 Sec-1 232.3  30 < Dif50 Sec-2 343.48 30 < Dif50 Sec-3 293.42 10 < Dif50 < 15 Sec-4 395.94 15 < Dif50 < 20 Sec-5 394.53 15 < Dif50 < 20 Sec-6 0 357.94 15 < Dif50 < 20 Sec-7 293.42 15 < Dif50 < 20 Sec-8 267.39 10 < Dif50 < 15 Sec-9 395.94 20 < Dif50 < 30 Sec-11 494.85 15 < Dif50 < 20 Sec-12 335.44 30 < Dif50 Sec-13 336.39 20 < Dif50 < 30 Sec-15 285.34 15 < Dif50 < 20 Sec-16 223.31 20 < Dif50 < 30 Sec-17 336.49 15 < Dif50 < 20 Sec-18 & Sec-20 0 233.31 20 < Dif50 < 30 Sec-19 359.44 20 < Dif50 < 30 Sec-21 343.44 20 < Dif50 < 30 Sec-22 293.42 15 < Dif50 < 20 Sec-23 520.71 NT INVS-MG-46B 304.38 10 < Dif50 < 15 INVG-27-2 = INVS-MG-52B 403.21 100% Death < 2.5 INVG-Z-27-4 = INVS-MG-52D 403.21 3.25 < Dif50 < 5 INVG-28-1 = INVS-MG-56B 293.36 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-54B 00 273.37 3 < IC50 < 4 01 INVS-MG-57A 02 307.45 20 < Dif50 < 30 03 INVS-MG- 55B & 57B = 37B 04 307.45 15 < Dif50 < 20 05 INVS-MG-58C = 34B 06 293.42 15 < Dif50 < 20 07 INVS-MG-63B 08 349.47 20 < IC50 < 30 INVS-MG-64A 09 429.36 15 < IC50 < 20 INVS-MG-65B 0 451.15 15 < IC50 < 20 INVS-MG-70 359.2  30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-71 485.1  5 < IC50 < 7.5 INVS-MG-72 = 12A HCl salt 253.72 15 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-73 379.62 0.25 < IC50 < 0.375 INVS-MG-44 276.37 15 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-59 293.42 15 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-60 350.52 15 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-66B 362.25 10 < IC50 < 7.5 INVS-MG-74A 233.26 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-76-aq 0 265.26 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-82 = 12A HCl salt 379.62 2.5 < IC50 INVS-MG-83 367.35 10 < Dif50 < 15 INVS-MG-84 493.25 2.5 < IC50 INVS-MG-85- IIIB 216.28 15 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-105C 294.41 10 < Dif50 < 15 INVS-MG-76- II-org 233.26 30 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-77-aq 265.26 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-86B 354.44 15 < Dif50 < 20 INVS-MG-86C 354.44 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-94-aq 0 263.29 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-97-IIB 249.31 30 < Dif50 INVS-MG-97-IIE 234.29 20 < Dif50 < 30 INVS-MG-98B 377.48 10 < Dif50 < 15 INVS-MG-106B = Sec biotin 520.71 10 < Dif50 < 15 INVS-MG-82-II 379.62 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-99B = 52B 403.21 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-99D = 52D 277.32 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-108-IIB 331.41 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-109-IIA 0 297.39 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-110B 317.38 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-111B 298.38 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-113A 309.4 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-111-III = 111B HCl salt 371.3  0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-117B 297.39 IC50 = 2.5 INVS-MG-120A 285.34 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-121A 297.39 125 < IC50 < 25 INVS-MG-123B 323.43 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-124A 0 281.35 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-125A 308.37 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-111-IVB = 111B 298.38 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-111-V = 111B HCl salt 371.3  0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-125-IIA = 125A 308.37 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-125-III = 125A HCl salt 344.85 0.625 < IC50 < 1.25 INVS-MG-118-IIB 353.5  2.5 < IC50 < 5 INVS-MG-131A 427.65 0.625 < IC50 < 1.25 INVS-MG-132A 295.38 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-134C 347.41 0.039 < IC50 < 0.078 INVS-MG-135B 0 335.37 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-136B 323.41 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-133B 373.49 IC50 = 1.25 INVS-MG-133-II 409.95 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-137-II 383.87 0.625 < IC50 < 1.25 INVS-MG-138B 361.43 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-145A 326.43 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-145-II 399.35 0.625 < IC50 < 1.25 INVS-MG-146B 360.45 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-146-II 0 433.37 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-150B 353.36 5 < IC50 < 10 INVS-MG-151B 331.41 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-152A 354.49 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-119A 317.81 0.625 < IC50 < 1.25 INVS-MG-119B 420.37 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-125-IIB 401.5  40/35 at 10 uM INVS-MG-144B 318.37 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-147B 363.47 0.625 < IC50 < 1.25 INVS-MG-149B 691.51 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-149B′ 0 453.38 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-157B 397.47 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-158B 417.5  0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-159A 311.37 20/20 at 10 uM INVS-MG-160B 321.41 50/40 at 1.25 uM INVS-MG-161B 343.42 2.5 < IC50 < 5 INVS-MG-162B 327.42 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-163-IIB 407.55 IC50 < 10 INVS-MG-164B 342.39 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-165B 347.41 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-166B 0 401.38 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-136-IIB 323.41 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-136-III 359.87 NT < IC50 < 0.07 INVS-MG-167B 345.43 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-168B 373.49 0.625 < IC50 < 1.25 INVS-MG-169B 393.48 IC50 < 0.07 INVS-MG-170B 323.41 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-175A 332.4  0.156 < Dif50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-172C 341.47 15 < Dif50 < 10 INVS-MG-184B 359.44 5 < Dif50 < 7.5 INVS-MG-146-IIIB 00 360.45 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-146-IV 01 396.91 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-152-IIB 02 354.49 IC50 < 0.03 INVS-MG-152-III 03 390.95 IC50 < 0.03 INVS-MG-157-IIB 04 397.47 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-157-III 05 433.93 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-158-IIB 06 417.5  0.03 < IC50 < 0.07 INVS-MG-158-III 07 453.96 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-169-IIB 08 393.48 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-169-III 09 429.94 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-170-IIB 0 323.41 0.03 < IC50 < 0.07 INVS-MG-170-III 359.87 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-175-V 405.32 IC50 = 0.156 INVS-MG-193B 358.39 IC50 = 0.31 INVS-MG-193-III 394.85 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-176B 362.38 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-176-II 398.84 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-179B 382.54 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-179-II 426.29 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-207A 241.29 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-207-II 0 277.75 0.07 < Dif50 INVS-MG-207-IIIA 313.47 1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INVS-MG-209A 374.44 Dif50/IC50 < 10 uM INVS-MG-145-IIIA 326.43 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-145-V 399.35 0.07 < IC50 < 0.156 INVS-MG-158-IVC 417.5  0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-158-V 559.44 IC50 < 5 INVS-MG-158-VI 531.52 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-165-IIB 347.41 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-165-III 383.87 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-99-IVB 0 403.21 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-99-IVB-I 439.67 0.31 < IC50 < 0.625 INVS-MG-99-IVD 277.32 IC50 < 5 uM INVS-MG-99-IVD-I 313.78 5 uM < IC50 INVS-MG-219A 392.45 0.625 < IC50 < 1.25 INVS-MG-220B 477.55 IC50 = 0.156 INVS-MG-220C 477.55 5 uM < IC50 INVS-MG-221B 407.46 0.625 < IC50 < 1.25 INVS-MG-222B 437.48 IC50 < 0.03 INVS-MG-223B 437.48 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-224A 0 407.46 0.156 < IC50 < 0.31 INVS-MG-222-III 473.95 INVS-MG-184-IIB 359.44 INVS-MG-184-III 395.9  INV-SZ-113-2 334   0.15 < IC50 < 0.31 INV-SZ-114-1 378   0.07 < IC50 < 0.15 INV-SZ-115-1 394   0.15 < IC50 < 0.31 INV-SZ-116-1 334   2.5 < IC50 < 5.0 INV-SZ-117-3 420   0.03 < IC50 < 0.07 INV-117-4 492   0.03 < IC50 < 0.07 INV-SZ-118-2 0 293   0.31 < IC50 < 0.62 INV-SZ-120-1 347   0.07 < IC50 < 0.15 INV-SZ-121-1 349   0.37 < IC50 < 0.75 INV-SZ-122-1 362   0.37 < IC50 < 0.75 INV-SZ-123-2 377   0.37 < IC50 < 0.75 INV-SZ-123-3 123-3MW379 IC50 < 5 INV-SZ-125-1 233   IC50 < 5 INV-SZ-125-2 233   IC50 < 5 INV-SZ-125-3 231   IC50 < 5 INV-SZ-127-1 358   0.18 < IC50 < 0.37 INV-SZ-129-1 0 284   2.5 < IC50 < 5.0 INV-SZ-134-1 573   INV-SZ-132-1 231   1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INV-SZ-132-2 233   0.3 < IC50 < 0.6 INV-SZ-133-1 271   1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INV-SZ-136-1 331   0.15 < IC50 < 0.31 INV-SZ-137-1 348   0.07 < IC50 < 0.15 INV-SZ-138-2 430   1.25 < IC50 < 2.5 INV-SZ-140-1 359   0.07 < IC50 < 0.15 INV-SZ-141-1 406   1.25 < IC50 < 2.5

(64) The analogs were then further tested for inhibiting growth against various cancer cell lines: AML (Mol3, OCI), Colon cancer (HCT116) and Ovary cancer (SKOV3). IC.sub.50 are documented in Table 2.

(65) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 HCT116 HCT116 SKOV3 SKOV3 MOL3 OCI P53+/+ P53−/− P53+/+ P53−/− Compounds (nM) (nM) (μM) (μM) (μM) (μM) INVS-MG- 90 100 1.4 1.1 1.6 3.1 82-II INVS-MG- 80 110 1.8 2.5 1.1 3 99B INVS-MG- 150 168 2.6 3.6 2.7 3.9 99D INVS-MG- 70 80 1.9 2.3 2.1 3 110B INVS-MG- 70 90 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.8 111B INVS-MG- 196 220 1.6 2.1 1.9 2.6 120A INVS-MG- 160 195 1.3 2 1.3 2.4 125A INVS-MG- 165 200 2.4 2.2 2.4 3.8 132A INVS-MG- 60 80 1 1.1 1.2 2.8 134C INVS-MG- 60 75 2.2 2.1 2.8 2.9 136B INVS-MG- 130 110 1.1 2.1 0.8 1.2 145A INVS-MG- 115 105 0.8 1.8 0.7 0.8 146B INVS-MG- 80 70 0.9 1.9 <0.6 0.7 152A INVS-MG- 90 105 0.7 0.9 <0.6 0.7 157B INVS-MG- 150 180 1.2 2.3 1.2 3.1 158B INVS-MG- 145 205 5.2 6.4 6.8 4.2 164B INVS-MG- 150 215 3.2 4.2 3.6 3.5 165B INVS-MG- >300 >300 2.4 3.8 3.5 3.2 166B INVS-MG- 100 115 1.8 2.2 0.7 1.1 136-III

(66) All publications, patents and patent applications references herein are to be each individually considered to be incorporated by reference in their entirety.