Anticorrosion agent for reinforced concrete and corrosion preventing method

Abstract

An anticorrosion agent comprising (A) an organosilicon compound of formula (1)
R.sup.1—Si—(OR.sup.2).sub.3  (1)
and (B) an amine compound of formula (2) ##STR00001##
and/or an amine compound of formula (3) ##STR00002##
is applied to steel-reinforced concrete to prevent corrosion of the steel reinforcement.

Claims

1. An anticorrosion agent for reinforced concrete comprising (A) at least one organosilicon compound having the following formula (1):
R.sup.1—Si—(OR.sup.2).sub.3  (1) wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a (co)hydrolytic condensate thereof, and (B) an amine compound having the following formula (2): ##STR00007## wherein each R.sup.3 is independently an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

2. The anticorrosion agent of claim 1 wherein component (B) is selected from the group consisting of N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-butyldiethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, N-butylethanolamine, and mixtures thereof.

3. The anticorrosion agent of claim 1 wherein component (A) is selected from the group consisting of n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, n-butyltrimethoxysilane, n-butyltriethoxysilane, i-butyltrimethoxysilane, i-butyltriethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane, i-octyltrimethoxysilane, i-octyltriethoxysilane, n-decyltrimethoxysilane, n-decyltriethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.

4. The anticorrosion agent of claim 1, wherein R.sup.4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

5. The anticorrosion agent of claim 4, wherein R.sup.4 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, or decyl.

6. A method for preventing corrosion of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete comprising the step of applying the anticorrosion agent of claim 1 to a surface of the reinforced concrete.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(1) As used herein, the notation (Cn-Cm) means a group containing from n to m carbon atoms per group.

(2) The anticorrosion agent for reinforced concrete according to the invention is defined as comprising (A) at least one organosilicon compound having the following formula (1) or a (co)hydrolytic condensate thereof, and (B) an amine compound having the following formula (2), an amine compound having the following formula (3) or a mixture thereof.
R.sup.1—Si—(OR.sup.2).sub.3  (1)
Herein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

(3) ##STR00004##
Herein each R.sup.3 is independently an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

(4) ##STR00005##
Herein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined above.

(5) In formula (1), R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples include propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, octyl, isooctyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl. Of these, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, octyl, isooctyl, decyl and dodecyl are preferred, with butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, octyl and decyl being more preferred.

(6) R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group. Examples include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, and octyl and cycloalkyl groups such as cyclohexyl. Of these, methyl and ethyl are preferred, with ethyl being more preferred.

(7) Suitable organosilicon compounds of formula (1) include n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, n-butyltrimethoxysilane, n-butyltriethoxysilane, i-butyltrimethoxysilane, i-butyltriethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane, i-octyltrimethoxysilane, i-octyltriethoxysilane, n-decyltrimethoxysilane, n-decyltriethoxysilane, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, n-dodecyltriethoxysilane, n-tetradecyltrimethoxysilane, n-tetradecyltriethoxysilane, n-hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexadecyltriethoxysilane, n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane, and n-octadecyltriethoxysilane. Of these, preferred are n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, n-butyltrimethoxysilane, n-butyltriethoxysilane, i-butyltrimethoxysilane, i-butyltriethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane, i-octyltrimethoxysilane, i-octyltriethoxysilane, n-decyltrimethoxysilane, and n-decyltriethoxysilane.

(8) The organosilicon compound of formula (1) wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms is able to impart hydrophobicity to the surface of reinforced concrete. The preferred organosilicon compound has an alkyl group of at least 4 carbon atoms. The organosilicon compound wherein R.sup.1 has two carbon atoms or less fails to impart sufficient hydrophobicity.

(9) In formulae (2) and (3), R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene group, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, octylene, and decylene.

(10) R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, for example, hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, and decyl.

(11) Examples of the amine compound of formula (2) include N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-butyldiethanolamine, N-hexyldiethanolamine, N-octyldiethanolamine, and diethanolamine, with N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine and N-butyldiethanolamine being preferred.

(12) Examples of the amine compound of formula (3) include N-methylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, N-butylethanolamine, N-hexylethanolamine, N-octylethanolamine, ethanolamine, propanolamine, butanolamine, hexanolamine, and octanolamine, with N-methylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine and N-butylethanolamine being preferred.

(13) The amine compound as component (B) is preferably used in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight based on the organosilicon compound (A). Less than 0.01% by weight of component (B) may be insufficient to exert the effect of preventing corrosion of steel reinforcement whereas more than 20% by weight of component (B) may detract from the storage stability of the anticorrosion agent.

(14) As long as the objects of the invention are not impaired, the anticorrosion agent may further comprise additives such as solvents, thickening aids, and rust preventives.

(15) Suitable solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol and water. Suitable thickening aids include silica, particulate clays, cellulose derivatives, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol, and polysaccharides. Suitable rust preventives include carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid salts as well as dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate and alkaline earth metal salts thereof.

(16) The inventive anticorrosion agent may be prepared by stirring the organosilicon compound (A), the amine compound (B), and other additives together. The stirring temperature is preferably 10° C. to 100° C., more preferably 10° C. to 80° C. The stirring time is preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 1 hour.

(17) In the course of stirring the organosilicon compound (A) and the amine compound (B), transesterification reaction takes place partially between an alkoxysilyl group of the organosilicon compound and an alcohol moiety of the amine compound. In an example wherein n-hexyltriethoxysilane as component (A) and N-methylethanolamine as component (B) are used, the following reaction takes place.

(18) ##STR00006##

(19) The organosilicon compound (A) undergoes hydrolytic condensation on the reinforced concrete surface to make the concrete surface hydrophobic and prevent water infiltration. The amine compound (B) can attach to the steel reinforcement in the reinforced concrete to prevent corrosion by the ingress of chloride ions or to reduce the corrosion rate even when the reinforcement has been corroded with chloride ions.

(20) After application of the transesterification reaction product between the amine compound (B) and the organosilicon compound (A) to the surface of reinforced concrete, the amine compound generates in the reinforced concrete whose surface has been hydrophobized to prevent outflow of the amine compound from within the concrete, and effectively attaches to the reinforcement.

(21) The anticorrosion agent may be applied to the reinforced concrete surface by any desired coating techniques such as spray coating, wipe coating, brush coating, roll coating, and knife coating. The coating weight is preferably more than 50 g/m.sup.2, more preferably more than 100 g/m.sup.2, and most preferably more than 200 g/m.sup.2. The coating step may be repeated several times at intervals of drying. The upper limit of the (total) coating weight is preferably up to 1,000 g/m.sup.2, though not critical.

(22) The corrosion state of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete is generally evaluated by an electrochemical method. Specifically the corrosion state may be examined by determining a self-potential or polarization resistance.

EXAMPLE

(23) Examples of the invention are given below by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. All parts are by weight (pbw). The viscosity is measured at 25° C. by an Ostwald viscometer.

Examples 1 to 15

(24) An organosilicon compound and an amine compound were mixed in amounts (pbw) shown in Tables 1 to 3 and stirred at 40° C. for one hour, obtaining a series of coating agents.

(25) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Example (pbw) 1 2 3 4 5 n-Hexyltriethoxysilane 95  95  95  95  95  n-Octyltriethoxysilane N-Methyldiethanolamine 5 N-Ethyldiethanolamine 5 N-Methylethanolamine 5 N-Ethylethanolamine 5 N-Butylethanolamine 5 Agent 1 Agent 2 Agent 3 Agent 4 Agent 5 Appearance Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear Viscosity (mm.sup.2/s) 1 1 1 1 1

(26) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example (pbw) 6 7 8 9 10 n-Hexyltriethoxysilane n-Octyltriethoxysilane 95  95  95  95  95  N-Methyldiethanolamine 5 N-Ethyldiethanolamine 5 N-Methylethanolamine 5 N-Ethylethanolamine 5 N-Butylethanolamine 5 Agent 6 Agent 7 Agent 8 Agent 9 Agent 10 Appearance Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear Viscosity (mm.sup.2/s) 2 2 2 2 2

(27) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Example (pbw) 11 12 13 14 15 n-Propyltriethoxysilane 95  n-Butyltriethoxysilane 95  i-Butyltriethoxysilane 95  Decyltriethoxysilane 95 Dodecyltriethoxysilane 95 N-Ethyldiethanolamine 5 5 5  5  5 Agent 11 Agent 12 Agent 13 Agent 14 Agent 15 Appearance Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear Viscosity (mm.sup.2/s) 1 1 1 30 45

Comparative Examples 1 to 8

(28) An organosilicon compound and an amine compound were mixed in amounts (pbw) shown in Tables 4 and 5 and stirred at 40° C. for one hour, obtaining coating agents.

(29) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Comparative Example (pbw) 1 2 3 4 5 6 n-Hexyltriethoxysilane 95 95 100 n-Octyltriethoxysilane 95 95 100 Dimethylethanolamine 5 5 Diethylethanolamine 5 5 Agent 16 Agent 17 Agent 18 Agent 19 Agent 20 Agent 21 Appearance Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear Viscosity (mm.sup.2/s) 1 1 1 2 2 2

(30) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comparative Example (pbw) 7 8 Methyltriethoxysilane 95  Ethyltriethoxysilane 95  N-Ethyldiethanolamine 5 5 Agent 22 Agent 23 Appearance Colorless Colorless and clear and clear Viscosity (mm.sup.2/s) 1 1

Examples 16 to 30 and Comparative Examples 9 to 16

(31) A reinforced concrete test block (10 cm×10 cm×10 cm) having an inherent salt content of 8.0 kg/m.sup.2, a water/cement (W/C) weight ratio of 1/2, and 3 cm steel reinforcement buried was provided. The coating agent was sprayed on the test block in a coating weight of 200 g/m.sup.2 and dried for 2 hours. This spraying and drying process was repeated twice. Then, the surface of the concrete was measured for a contact angle with water using a contact angle meter (Kyowa Interface Science Co., LTD.). The results are shown in Table 6.

(32) The reinforced concrete test blocks treated with the coating agents were aged at 25° C. and a humidity of 90% RH. The corrosion current density (μA/cm.sup.2) was measured at the initial (before the treatment) and 2 weeks and 8 weeks after the treatment by a portable corrosion rate meter CM-V (Shikoku Research Institute Inc.). The results are shown in Table 6.

(33) According to the guidelines of CEB (European Committee for Concrete), a corrosion current density of less than 0.2 μA/cm.sup.2 indicates that the steel reinforcement is in a passive state, a current density of 0.2 to 0.5 μA/cm.sup.2 indicates a low to moderate corrosion rate, a current density of 0.5 to 1.0 μA/cm.sup.2 indicates a moderate to high corrosion rate, and a current density greater than 1.0 μA/cm.sup.2 indicates an extreme corrosion rate.

(34) As seen from the results in Table 6, even when steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete has already been corroded with chloride ions, the treatment of reinforced concrete with the anticorrosion agent is effective for reducing the corrosion of reinforcement to a passive state after 2 weeks from the treatment.

(35) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Water contact Corrosion current density Test angle (μA/cm.sup.2) sample (°) Initial 2 weeks 8 weeks Example 16 Agent 1 102 0.75 0.18 0.08 17 Agent 2 104 0.80 0.20 0.10 18 Agent 3 105 0.76 0.15 0.05 19 Agent 4 103 0.77 0.20 0.10 20 Agent 5 106 0.80 0.19 0.09 21 Agent 6 110 0.79 0.16 0.05 22 Agent 7 111 0.79 0.17 0.06 23 Agent 8 111 0.80 0.18 0.09 24 Agent 9 110 0.76 0.19 0.09 25 Agent 10 112 0.77 0.19 0.05 26 Agent 11 70 0.78 0.18 0.06 27 Agent 12 90 0.80 0.17 0.05 28 Agent 13 90 0.81 0.17 0.06 29 Agent 14 115 0.79 0.18 0.05 30 Agent 15 118 0.80 0.17 0.06 Comparative 9 Agent 16 101 0.80 0.55 0.33 Example 10 Agent 17 100 0.80 0.53 0.33 11 Agent 18 101 0.80 0.55 0.34 12 Agent 19 105 0.80 0.54 0.30 13 Agent 20 104 0.80 0.51 0.30 14 Agent 21 105 0.80 0.54 0.36 15 Agent 22 40 0.80 0.30 0.22 16 Agent 23 45 0.80 0.31 0.21

(36) Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-060621 is incorporated herein by reference.

(37) Although some preferred embodiments have been described, many modifications and variations may be made thereto in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described without departing from the scope of the appended claims.