DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE ABILITY OF A PERSON TO CARRY OUT ONE OR MORE ACTIVITIES

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for assessing the ability of a person to carry out one or more activities, comprising an input unit for receiving physiological and/or behavioural data of the person, the physiological and/or behavioural data being related to one or more first level activities, a determination unit for determining a performance grade of the person regarding each first level activity based on the received physiological and/or behavioural data, and an assessment unit configured to assess an ability grade of the person to carry out one or more second level activities based on the determined performance grade, wherein each second level activity relates to one or more associated first level activities, wherein the assessment unit is further configured to output information indicative of the assessed ability grade.

Claims

1. Device for assessing the ability of a person to carry out one or more activities, comprising: an input unit for receiving physiological and/or behavioural data of the person, the physiological and/or behavioural data being related to one or more first level activities, a determination unit for determining a performance grade of the person regarding each first level activity based on the received physiological and/or behavioural data, and an assessment unit configured to assess an ability grade of the person to carry out one or more second level activities based on the determined performance grade, wherein each second level activity relates to one or more associated first level activities.

2. Device of claim 1, wherein the performance grade corresponds to one scale or an interval covering one or more scales of a first scaling.

3. Device of claim 1, wherein the assessment unit configured to assess the ability grade for each of the second level activities according to a second scaling, the ability grade being one of a plurality of scales of the second scaling.

4. Device of claim 3, wherein the ability grade regarding each second level activity is based on the performance grade regarding at least one associated first level activity.

5. Device of claim 1, further comprising a memory unit for storing the received physiological and/or behavioural data, the determined performance grade and/or the assessed ability grade.

6. Device of claim 1, further comprising a monitoring unit for monitoring the assessed ability grade over time, the monitoring unit being configured to generate a feedback signal when detecting an abnormal ability grade regarding one of the second level activities, the abnormal ability grade being higher or lower than a predefined ability grade.

7. Device of claim 6, wherein the monitoring unit is configured to generate the feedback signal when the abnormal ability grade has been detected for a predefined length of time.

8. Device of claim 6, wherein the abnormal ability grade is a median ability grade averaged over a predefined length of time.

9. Device of claim 6, further comprising an identification unit for identifying one or more first level activities associated with the second level activity, for which the abnormal ability grade has been detected, wherein the performance grade regarding the identified one or more first level activities is higher or lower than a predefined performance grade.

10. Device of claim 9, wherein the identification unit is further configured to determine for an identified first level activity two second level activities commonly associated with the identified first level activity.

11. Device of claim 1, further comprising a recommendation generation unit generating recommendation information related to the one or more first level activities and/or the one or more second level activities.

12. System for assessing the ability of a person to carry out one or more activities, comprising: a sensing unit for generating physiological and/or behavioural data, and a device claimed in claim 1, the device being configured to receive the physiological and/or behavioural data from the sensing unit.

13. System of claim 12, wherein the sensing unit comprises a plurality of sensors in particular a wearable sensor, a sensor mountable to a household object such as furniture, and/or a stationary sensor.

14. Method for assessing the ability of a person to carry out one or more activities, comprising: receiving physiological and/or behavioural data of the person, the physiological and/or behavioural data being related to one or more first level activities, determining a performance grade of the person regarding each first level activity based on the received physiological and/or behavioural data, and assessing an ability grade of the person to carry out one or more second level activities based on the determined performance grade, wherein each second level activity relates to one or more associated first level activities.

15. Computer program comprising program code means for causing a computer to carry out the steps of the method as claimed in claim 14 when said computer program is carried out on the computer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiment(s) described hereinafter. In the following drawings

[0034] FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a device for ability assessment incorporated in a system;

[0035] FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of another device for ability assessment;

[0036] FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of still a further device for ability assessment; and

[0037] FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a method for ability assessment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a device 10 for assessing the ability of a person to carry out one or more activities. The device 10 comprises an input unit 12 for receiving physiological and/or behavioral data of the person, wherein the data are related to one or more first level activities. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the input unit 12 is configured to receive the physiological and/or behavioral data from a sensing unit 17 comprising a plurality of sensors 18a-d. It is understood that the sensing unit 17 is an external entity separate from the device 10.

[0039] The device 10 further comprises a determination unit 14 for determining a performance grade of the person regarding each first level activity based on the received physiological and/or behavioral data. The device 10 further comprises an assessment unit 16 for assessing the ability grade of the person to carry out one or more second level activities based on the determined performance grade, wherein each second level activity relates to one or more associated first level activities.

[0040] The device 10 and the sensing unit 17 are incorporated in a system 20 for ability assessment. The plurality of sensors 18a-d may comprise at least one pressure sensor, accelerometer, EOG sensor, ultrasonic sensor, audio sensor, connected sender and/or receiver, and RFID sensor, without being limited to the afore-mentioned sensor types. Preferably, the plurality of sensors 18a-d include at least a wearable sensor, a sensor mountable to the household object such as a furniture, garment, shoe, electronic products, etc., and/or a stationary sensor. The plurality of sensors 18a-d are preferably located in shoes, chairs, bed, bath tub, shopping bag, washing machine, glasses, tablet, television, the bracelet of a patient, etc. The plurality of sensors 18a-d are preferably embedded in the patient's home. Table 1 contains a list of exemplary sensors, the signal acquisitioned as well as the location where each sensor is embedded.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sensors Signal recorded Sensor location Connected sensor & For each step: Shoes receiver Time stamp, Foot identifier Foot position Pressure sensor Pressure level Shoes Accelerometer Acceleration Chairs, Bed, Bath-tub, Shopping bag, Washing machine EOG EOG signal Glasses Ultrasonic sensor Distance Tablet Audio sensor Audio signal TV RFID Patient ID Patient bracelet (sender), Chairs (receiver), Bed (receiver), Bath-tub (receiver), Shopping bag (receiver)

[0041] Using the plurality of sensors 18a-d, the one or more first level activities being low-level activities can be detected. Table 2 shows an exemplary list of low-level activities.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Low-level Activities Walk Sit up Stand Lift (×kg) Hear Holding/Carrying item See/Vision Read General level of energy/frailty

[0042] In this way, the performance grade of the person regarding each first level activity can be determined based on the received data. Consequently, the ability grade of the person to carry out one or more second level activities can be assessed based on the determined performance grade. Table 3 shows an exemplary list of second level activities being high-level activities.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 High-level Activities Bathing Answer the door Answer the phone Laundry Shopping Prepare meals Eating Clothing Take medication Exercise

[0043] Each high-level activity relates to one or more associated low-level activities, as shown in the following Table 4, which presents each of the high-level activities in Table 3 with corresponding associated low-level activities of Table 2. For instance, in order to carry out the high-level activity “answer door”, the concerned person needs to perform the low-level activities “walk” and “hear bell”.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 High-level Activities Low-level Activities Bathing Walk, Sit up, Stand up Answer door Walk Hear bell Answer phone Hear phone ring Shopping Walk Lift Vision Prepare meals Walk Vision Hold Eating Sit up Hold Clothing Sit up, stand up Take medication See (Vision) Read Lift Exercise Walk Frailty level Laundry Washing machine activity

[0044] Frailty level is considered as a low-level activity in the scope of the present invention because it has bearing on the ability of a patient to exercise. “Washing machine activity” is also considered as a low-level activity in the scope of the present invention and it is the most practical way of determining if the patient is able to do laundry regularly. Table 5 shows the low-level activities listed in Table 2 with corresponding sensors, sensor location, signal processing and determination of performance grade. As can be seen in Table 5, the performance grade regarding each first level activity corresponds to one scale of a first scaling. For instance, for the first level activity “stand”, the first scaling comprises two different scales being 0 and 1, wherein the scale 0 corresponds to the case where the person is not able to stand, wherein the scale 1 corresponds to the case where the person is able to stand. For the first level activity “sit up”, the first scaling is the same as for “stand”, wherein the two scales 0 and 1 correspond to the user not being able to sit up and being able to sit up, respectively.

[0045] The sensor data from only one sensor may be used to determine the performance grade regarding a first level activity. This is exemplarily shown for the first level activity “stand”, wherein pressure level data are received for determining the performance grade. Here, only pressure sensors are used to detect changes in pressure level as the concerned person stands. Alternatively, sensor data from a plurality of sensors may be used to determine a performance grade regarding a first level activity. This is exemplarily shown for the first level activity “sit up”. Here, pressure sensors to detect changes, in particular increase, in pressure level as the concerned person sits up. Further, accelerometers are used to detect significant increase in accelerometer signal amplitude. In addition, motion speed and/or learning values which are characteristic of sitting up for pressure level, accelerometer signal amplitude and/or speed may also be detected.

[0046] For different first level activities, different first scalings may be applied. For instance, the first scaling for the first level activity “walk” comprises five scales being 1-5 wherein the scale 1 corresponds to the case where the person is not able to walk, the scale 3 corresponds to the case where the person is able to walk but with difficulty, and the scale 5 corresponds to the case where the person has no difficulty to walk. Preferably, the user's grade of performing the first level activities increases with the scale. Further preferably, a scale of the first scaling for a first level activity may correspond to a specific value or a specific range of values of the physiological and/or behavioral data associated with that first level activity. The range of data values may be characterized by an upper threshold, a lower threshold or a median value.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Low-level Sensor Signal processing Performance Grade Activity Sensors location performed Determination Stand Pressure Shoes Detect significant Scale 0-1: sensor changes in 0 (not able to stand): pressure Pressure level level at standing increase not sustained Pressure level increase sustained Sit up Pressure Bed Detect significant Scale 0-1: sensors Chairs increase in 0 (not able to sit up: pressure level at Pressure level sit up increase not reaching Accelerometer Detect significant values corresponding increase in to sit up accelerometer Low Accelerometer signal amplitude activity Detect motion 1 (able to sit up): speed Pressure level Learning values increase reaches characteristics of values correspond- sitting up for in to sit up pressure level, Pressure level accelerometer increases sustained signal amplitude Accelerometer and speed activity characteris- tics of sitting-up Motion speed characteristics to normal sit up Walk Connected Shoes Detect: Scale 1-5: sender & walking 1 (not able to stand): receiver pattern Sit up or stand ability Pressure speed is 0 sensor gait Walk speed is far parameters lower than low limit value 3 (walk with difficulty): Irregular walk pattern (limps, numerous stops) Average speed below normal speed values 5 (no difficult walking): regular walking pattern & speed within normal limit values Lift Accelerometer Shopping Detect significant Scale 1-5: bag increase in 1 (not able to lift): accelerometer Insignificant signal amplitude Accelerometer Detect motion activity and motion speed speed 3 (lift with difficulty): medium acceler- ometer activity detected Low motion speed 5 (no difficulty lifting): Significant accelerometer activity detected Motion speed characteristics to normal lifting Hear Connected Shoes Detect user Scale 1-5: sender & TV/radio distance from 1 (difficulty in hearing): receiver TV/radio Distance to TV < 5 m Pressure Detect volume Volume higher than sensor level of TV/radio threshold Audio 3 (moderate hearing): sensor Distance to TV < 5 m Volume within normal limits, lower than median value of normal limits 5 (no difficulty hearing): Distance to TV < 5 m Volume within normal limits Vision EOG Glasses Vision test soft- Scale 1-5: Ultrasonic Tablet ware that asks user 1 (poor eye sight): sensor to read a text Distance to tablet which progres- outside normal sively becomes bounds smaller Slow reading speed, Automatic reading frequent stalls detection from 3 (moderate eye sight): EOG signal Distance to tablet As text becomes outside normal progressively bounds smaller make text Moderate reading smaller software speed, incidental detects in the EOG stalls signal how fast the 5 (good eye sight): reading progresses Distance to tablet (reading speed) within normal At the same time bounds the system Normal reading monitors the speed, no stalls distance between the tablet and user Slower reading speed (increased reading stalls) and distance to tablet progressively deviating from normal limit values (as the user tries to accommodate for smaller print) are indicative of vision problems Read Questionnaires Scale 1-5: that: 1 (difficulty in reading): Asks user Poor language pro- preferable ficiency language and Low educational determines level language 3 (derate reading): proficiency. Moderate language Asks highest level proficiency of education Low educational achieved level 5 (no difficulty hearing): High language pro- ficiency Moderate-high education level

[0047] The weight implied regarding the low-level activity “lift” is the average of a grocery bag. The lifting activity required in this case is only that necessary to place the bag onto a transportation device (e.g. rollator, container, etc.)

[0048] Details of how automatic detection of standing, sitting up and walking is performed are descried in: Yangsheng Xu et al, “A SENSOR-INTEGRATED SHOE-BASED INFORMATION GATHERING PLATFORM”, Homepage of Advanced Robotics Lab, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://arl.mae.cuhk. edu.hk/files/shoe.jpg&imgrefurl=http://arl.mae.cuhk.edu.hk/zhhans/node/337&h=455&w=55 0&tbnid=drRWqfUcqC0aM:&zoom=1&docid=q1PrTR9b_T6ieM&ei=dSXGU62pM7CX0Q WegYHwBA&tbm=isch&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=2373&page=1&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=0C G0QrQMwFw); and P. J. Antonio, “Quantifying stair gait stability in young and older adults, with modifications to insole hardness”, Gait & Posture, Volume 40, Issue 3, July 2014, Pages 429-434., DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.05.009, whose content is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0049] Table 6 shows the high-level activities listed in Table 3 with corresponding associated low-level activities and assessed ability grades.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 High-level Low-level Activity Activities Ability Grade Assessment Bathing Walk Low (not able to bathe): Sit up Sit up ability: 0 Stand Stand ability: 0 Walk ability: 1 Moderate (able to bathe with difficulty): Sit up ability: 1 Stand ability: 1 Walk ability: ε (1, 3) High (able to bathe without difficulty): Sit up ability: 1 Stand ability: 1 Walk ability: >3 Answer door Walk Low: Hear bell Hearing ability: 1 Walk ability: 1 Moderate: Hearing ability: ε (1, 3) Walk ability: ε (1, 3) High: Hearing ability: >3 Walk ability: >3 Answer phone Hear phone Low: ring Hearing ability: 1 Walk Walk ability: 1 Moderate: Hearing ability: ε (1, 3) Walk ability: ε (1, 3) High: Hearing ability: >3 Walk ability: >3 Shopping Walk Low: Lift Lift ability: 1 Walk ability: 1 Moderate: Lift ability: ε (1, 3) Walk ability: ε (1, 3) High: Lift ability: >3 Walk ability: >3 Prepare meals Walk Low: Stand Stand ability: 0 Walk ability: 1 Moderate: Stand ability: 1 Walk ability: ε (1, 3) High: Stand ability: 1 Walk ability: >3 Eating Sit up Low: Hold Sit up ability: 0 Walk ability: 1 High: Sit up ability: 1 Clothing Sit up Low: stand Sit up ability: 0 Stand ability: 0 Moderate: Sit up ability: 1 Stand ability: 0 High: Sit up ability: 1 Stand ability: 1 Take See (Vision) Low: medication Read Eye-sight ability: 1 or Lift Read ability: 1 or Lift ability: 1 Moderate: Eye-sight ability: ε (1, 3) Read ability: ε (1, 3) Lift ability: ε (1, 3) High: Eye-sight ability: >3 Read ability: >3 Lift ability: >3 Exercise Walk Low: Frailty level Walk ability: 1 Frailty level: below normal threshold Moderate: Walk ability: ε (1, 3) Frailty level: equal to normal threshold High: Walk ability: >3 Frailty level: above normal threshold Laundry Washing Low: machine Washing machine activity detected activity in longer than 3 weeks Moderate: Washing machine activity detected is irregular, on average every 2 weeks High: Washing machine activity detected is regular, every 1 week

[0050] Preferably, the assessment unit 16 is configured to assess the ability grade for each of the high-level activities according to a second scaling, wherein the ability grade is one of a plurality of scales of the second scaling. As can be seen in Table 6, the second scaling comprises preferably three scales: “high”, “moderate” and “low”.

[0051] Preferably, the second scaling is the same for at least two different high-level activities. Preferably, the ability grade regarding each high-level activity is based on the performance grade regarding at least one associated low-level activity. As can be seen in Table 6, the ability grade for the high-level activity “answer door” may be one of the three scales “low”, “moderate” and “high”. Each of the three scales is based on the performance grade regarding the two associated low-level activities “walk” and “hear bell”.

[0052] Preferably, the assessment of the ability grade for a high-level activity is based on threshold values of the performance grade regarding the associated low-level activities. Further preferably, the ability grade is assessed to be a certain scale of the second scaling, for instance “low” for the high-level activity “taking medication”, when the performance grade for at least one of the associated low-level activities is equal to, higher than or lower than the threshold value. Alternatively, the ability grade for a high-level activity may be assessed to be a certain scale of the second scaling, when the performance grade for at least two or all of the associated low-level activities is equal to, higher and/or lower than the threshold value.

[0053] Preferably, the threshold values are not limited to fixed values but may include a specific range of values and/or relevant trends.

[0054] FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of another device 10′ for ability assessment, which comprises all components of the device 10 of FIG. 1. The device 10′ further comprises a memory unit 24 for storing the received physiological and/or behavioral data, the determined performance grade and/or the assessed ability grade. The device 10′ further comprises a monitoring unit 22 for monitoring the assessed ability grade over time, the monitoring unit 22 being configured to generate a feedback signal when detecting an abnormal ability grade regarding one of the second level activities, the abnormal ability grade being higher or lower than a predetermined ability grade. Preferably, the monitoring unit 22 is configured to generate the feedback signal when the abnormal ability has been detected for a predefined length of time. Further preferably, the abnormal ability grade is a median ability grade averaged over a predefined length of time. The predefined length of time may be set using the input unit 12.

[0055] FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of still a further device 10″ for ability assessment, wherein the device 10″ comprises all the components of the device 10′ shown in FIG. 2 and additionally an identification unit 26. The identification unit 26 is configured to identify one or more first level activities associated with the second level activity, for which an abnormal ability grade has been detected, wherein the performed grade regarding the identified one or more first level activities is higher or lower than a predefined performance grade. Preferably, the identification unit 26 is further configured to determine for an identified first level activity to second level activities commonly associated with the identified first level activity. The device 10″ further comprises a recommendation generation unit 28 for generating recommendation information related to the one or more first level activities and/or the one or more second level activities. In particular, the recommendation generation unit 28 is preferably configured to generate recommendation information to provide support regarding the first level activities associated with a second level activity showing abnormal ability grade. Further preferably, the recommendation generation is related to those first level activities associated with the second level activity showing abnormal ability grade, for which the performance grade has been determined to be higher or lower than a predefined performance grade.

[0056] It is understood that the device 10′ and 10″ shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 may be incorporated into the system 20 in place of the device 10 shown in FIG. 1.

[0057] FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a method for ability assessment. In the step 101, physiological and/or behavioral data of the person are received, wherein the physiological and/or behavioral data are related to one or more first level activities. In step 102, a performance grade of the person regarding each first level activity is determined based on the received physiological and/or behavioral data. In step 103, an ability grade of the person to carry out one or more second level activities is assessed based on the determined performance grade, wherein each second level activity relates to one or more associated first level activities.

[0058] While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.

[0059] In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0060] A computer program may be stored/distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. A unit can be implemented in numerous ways, with software and/or hardware, to perform the various functions required. A processor is one example of a unit which employs one or more microprocessors that may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform the required functions. A unit may however be implemented with or without employing a processor, and also may be implemented as a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry) to perform other functions.

[0061] Examples of unit components that may be employed in various embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, conventional microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0062] In various implementations, a processor or unit may be associated with one or more storage media such as volatile and non-volatile computer memory such as RAM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. The storage media may be encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more processors and/or controllers, perform at the required functions. Various storage media may be fixed within a processor or unit or may be transportable, such that the one or more programs stored thereon can be loaded into a processor or unit.

[0063] Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.