METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ROUND STEEL BILLET

Abstract

A method of manufacturing a round steel billet by continuous casting includes a local cooling step where inhomogeneous forced cooling is applied to a cast product during the continuous casting, and a rolling reduction step where rolling reduction is applied to the cast product in the opposite directions of the polar opposites by reduction rolls in the course from the completion of solidification to the completion of the recuperation of the cast product so that rolling reduction r which is a reduction ratio of a distance between middle points of the polar opposites is set to a value exceeding 0% and 5% or less.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a round steel billet by continuous casting comprising: in a local cooling step, applying inhomogeneous forced cooling to a cast product during the continuous casting in such a manner that the inhomogeneous forced cooling cools polar opposites on an outer periphery of the cast product more strongly than remaining portions of the cast product other than the polar opposites, the inhomogeneous forced cooling is started at a point of time within a terminal period of solidification and is stopped when a temperature of an axial core falls within a temperature range from a temperature below a solidification point to the solidification point minus 190° C., and a temperature deviation δ which is a maximum value of surface temperature difference between the polar opposites and the remaining portions at the time of completion of recuperation after the forced cooling is stopped is set to 10° C. or above; and in a rolling reduction step, applying rolling reduction to the cast product in the opposite directions of the polar opposites by reduction rolls in the course from the completion of solidification to the completion of the recuperation of the cast product so that rolling reduction r which is a reduction ratio of a distance between middle points of the polar opposites is set to a value exceeding 0% and 5% or less; wherein polar opposites on the outer periphery indicate both an outer periphery which intersects with an angle domain having a center angle θ exceeding 0 degree and 120 degrees or less about an axial core in a plane including a transverse cross-section of the cast product, and an outer periphery which intersects with an angle domain obtained by rotating the angle domain by 180 degrees about the axis core; and wherein the terminal period of solidification is a period where a solidification rate at the center becomes 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less.

2. The method of manufacturing a round steel billet according to claim 1, wherein the temperature deviation δ is set to 30° C. or below.

3. The method of manufacturing a round steel billet according to claim 1, wherein the rolling reduction r is set to 1% or more and 3% or less.

4. The method of manufacturing a round steel billet according to claim 2, wherein the rolling reduction r is set to 1% or more and 3% or less.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one example of embodiments of the present invention;

[0024] FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the definition of polar opposites;

[0025] FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a temperature history of cast product in a local cooling step;

[0026] FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a cross section of cast product in an axial direction showing an embodiment of a rolling reduction step;

[0027] FIG. 5 is a stress distribution in the cross section of cast product showing an example of stress field immediately before the rolling reduction; and

[0028] FIG. 6 is a stress distribution in the cross section of cast product showing an example of stress field immediately after the rolling reduction.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0029] FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one example of embodiments of the present invention. Molten steel 9 is tapped into the cylindrically-shaped inside of a casting mold (continuous casting mold) 1 from a submerged nozzle (not shown in the drawing). The molten steel 9 in the mold 1 is cooled from an inner surface of the mold 1 so that a solidified shell (not shown in the drawing) is formed on an outer peripheral surface layer. Thereafter, a cast product 10 is continuously drawn out downward from the mold 1 and, then, is subjected to solidification promotion by forced cooling of an outer surface of the cast product 10 or by air cooling or the cast product 10 is cooled after solidification. While being cooled in the above-mentioned manner, the cast product 10 is transferred by transfer rolls (not shown in the drawing) to a gas cutting point 6 where a temperature of an axial core 100 of the cast product 10 becomes approximately 500° C. or below, and the cast product 10 is cut into a desired length by a gas torch 7 installed at the gas cut point 6.

[0030] A degree of development of solidification is expressed by a center solid-phase rate. The center solid-phase rate is an amount defined by a ratio (range of value: 0 to 1) of a solid phase mass with respect to a total mass of the solid phase mass and a liquid phase mass in a coexisting state in an axial core area of the cast product drawn out from the mold. A value of the center solid-phase rate can be obtained by using a calculated temperature of an axial core area of the cast product obtained by a heat-transfer solidification analysis (to be more specific, defined as a calculated temperature obtained by averaging terriperatures with respect to all elements (all calculation points) within a radius of 5 mm from the center of the cast product (hereinafter referred to as “axial core temperature”)) and a liquidus-line temperature and a solidus-line temperature intrinsic to the steel.

[0031] In FIG. 1, a position A corresponds to any one point in the terminal period of solidification which is a starting point of the above-mentioned inhomogeneous forced cooling. A position B corresponds to any one point within a temperature region which is a stop point of the inhomogeneous forced cooling where an axial core temperature becomes a temperature which is below a solidifying point and above a temperature lower than a solidifying point minus ΔT (ΔT=190° C.) in this embodiment.

[0032] The method of manufacturing a round steel billet according to aspects of the present invention has a local cooling step and a rolling reduction step.

[0033] The local cooling step is, as shown in FIG. 3, a step where the above-mentioned inhomogeneous forced cooling is performed between the above-mentioned positions A and B and, then, the inhomogeneous forced cooling is stopped and, thereafter, the temperature deviation S which is a maximum value of an amount obtained by subtracting a temperature of polar opposites 2 at a point of time that the recuperation during natural cooling is completed from a temperature of the remaining portions 3 at a point of time when the recuperation during natural cooling is completed (that is, a maximum value of a temperature of the remaining portions 3 at a point of time when recuperation is completed—a minimum value of a temperature of polar opposites 2 at a point of time when recuperation is completed) becomes 10° C. or above.

[0034] The rolling reduction step is a step where, in the course from the completion of solidification of the cast product to the completion of recuperation, as shown in FIG. 4, the rolling reduction is applied to polar opposites 2 in the opposite directions by rolling reduction rolls 12 so as to set a reduction ratio r (r=(1−D2/D1)×100(%), wherein D1: middle point distance between polar opposites on an inlet side of reduction roll, D2: middle point distance between polar opposites on an exit side of reduction roll) which is a shrinkage ratio of an middle point distance between polar opposites (a length of a line segment obtained by connecting middle points of K1, K2 in FIG. 2) to exceeding 0% and 5% or less. Although the explanation has been made with respect to the case where the rolling reduction step is performed after the completion of the local cooling step in FIG. 3, the rolling reduction step may be performed in the course of the local cooling step.

[0035] By combining the local cooling step and the rolling reduction step described above, for example, the tensile stress field directed in the opposite directions of polar opposites shown in FIG. 5 which is generated in the above-mentioned local cooling step can be converted into the compression stress field as shown in FIG. 6 which substantially covers the whole cross-section of the cast product by the above-mentioned rolling reduction step, for example. Accordingly, it is possible to largely improve quality of the axial core area. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are stress distributions in the cross section of the cast product showing an example of stress field immediately before and after the rolling reduction. These stress distributions are obtained by a simulating calculation using an FEA (finite element analysis) in a casting process in accordance with aspects of the present invention.

[0036] When any one or more of starting and stopping conditions, and the temperature deviation δ in the above-mentioned inhomogeneous forced cooling fall outside the scope defined by the present invention (1), there arise the following drawbacks. Firstly, the formation of the compressive stress field by cooling before recuperation which is a factor for sufficiently forming the tensile stress field directed in the opposite directions of polar opposites also becomes insufficient. Secondly, excessive cooling induces cracks as described previously. Accordingly, when any one or more of starting and stopping conditions, and the temperature deviation δ in the above-mentioned inhomogeneous forced cooling fall outside the scope defined by the present invention (1), it is difficult to enhance quality of the axial core area in the next rolling reduction step.

[0037] The above-mentioned inhomogeneous forced cooling can be easily carried out by spraying a relatively large amount of cooling medium such as water or air-water mixed fluid to polar opposites and by spraying a relatively small amount of such a cooling medium to remaining portions.

[0038] When the temperature deviation δ exceeds 30° C., cracks are liable to occur so that the larger reduction becomes necessary to suppress the occurrence of cracks. However, when the larger reduction is applied to the cast product, there may be a trouble that the temperature deviation δ adversely affects the shape of the cast product. Accordingly, it is preferable to set the temperature deviation δ to 30° C. or below.

[0039] When the rolling reduction by the rolling reduction rolls is performed in a temperature region outside the scope defined by the present invention (1), the enhancement of quality of the axial core area is insufficient. When the reduction ratio r is set to more than 5%, such an increase in the reduction ratio r not only brings about a defect on a shape of the round steel billet but also pushes up a facility cost. On the other hand, the smaller the reduction ratio r, a reduction effect is concentrated on only a surface layer so that it is difficult to acquire advantageous effects of the present invention. On the other hand, when the reduction ratio r is set to an excessively large value, the cost effectiveness is lowered. Accordingly, it is preferable to set the reduction ratio to 1% or more and 3% or less.

[0040] As the above-mentioned reduction roll, a grooved roll having a recessed portion (a large arc-like caliber having a depth of approximately 3 to 5 mm) used in general for preventing meandering can be used. A grooved roll having a recessed portion having a depth of approximately less than 3 mm or a flat roll may be also used. Although when a roll specifically designed for rolling reduction is used, the above-mentioned advantageous effect can be increased. However, the roll becomes a dedicated part and hence, aspects of the present invention are designed such that a sufficient effect can be obtained even when an ordinary roll is used from a viewpoint of cost reduction.

EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION

[0041] Steps of manufacturing a round steel billet (product diameter: 210 mm) having a chemical composition shown in Table 1 (balance: Fe and unavoidable impurities) and a solidifying point Ts by continuous casting were simulated by FEA under the conditions of inhomogeneous forced cooling of cast product shown in Table 2 and rolling reduction using a grooved roll. In accordance with the simulation, inner quality of cast product immediately after rolling reduction was evaluated based on a density ratio (=density of cubic having a side size of 20 mm within the axial core area of cast product/density of cubic having a side size of 20 mm inside the outer peripheral portion of cast product) and, at the same time, presence or non-presence of cracks in the axial core area of cast product and good or bad shape of cast product were evaluated. A solidifying point was measured by heat analysis.

[0042] As shown in Table 2, in the present invention examples, the inner quality of cast product is favorable such that the density ratio of the axial core area is 0.95 or more. Further, no cracks occur in the axial core area, and also the good shape is obtained.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Chemical Composition (Mass %) Solidifying Point Steel C Si Mn P S Al Cr Ts (° C.) Remarks A 0.2 0.25 0.45 0.01 0.002 0.020 12.90 1409 13Cr steel B 0.3 0.25 0.50 0.01 0.010 0.002 1.02 1440 low Cr steel

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Rolling Reduction Inhomogeneous Forced Cooling of Cast Product Axial Core Center Axial Core Temper- Temperature Presence Polar Solid-Phase Temperature ature at The Time or Non- Oppo- Rate at at The Time Devi- Reduc- of Performing Rolling Density Presence sites The Time of Stopping ation tion Rolling Reduc- Ratio of Cracks Shape θ of Starting Cooling δ Direc- Reduction tion at Axial in Axial of Cast No. Steel (Degree) Cooling (° C.) (° C.) tion (° C.) (%) Core Area Core Area Product Remarks 1 A 50 0.70 Ts - 150 23 A Ts - 155 2.0 0.970 not good present present invention example 2 A 80 0.50 Ts - 120 20 A Ts - 120 5.0 0.987 not good present present invention example 3 A 90 0.75 Ts - 100 24 A Ts - 105 3.0 0.974 not good present present invention example 4 A 115 0.72 Ts - 180 13 A Ts - 180 3.0 0.982 not good present present invention example 5 A 85 0.80 Ts - 150 22 A Ts - 150 3.1 0.951 not good present present invention example 6 A 85 0.75 Ts - 170 27 A Ts - 170 3.4 0.962 not good present present invention example 7 A 85 0.75 Ts - 160 24 A Ts - 170 2.9 0.958 not good present present invention example 8 A 85 0.75 Ts - 160 25 A Ts - 162 4.2 0.965 not good present present invention example 9 A 80 0.70 Ts - 150 18 A Ts - 155 7.0 0.991 not bad comparison present example 10 A 90 0.30 Ts + 10  30 A Ts - 0  3.0 0.890 present good comparison example 11 A 80 0.50 Ts - 150 55 A Ts - 200 5.0 0.980 present good comparison example 12 A 125 0.60 Ts - 150 9 A Ts - 160 4.0 0.965 present good comparison example 13 A 80 0.75 Ts - 150 26 B Ts - 160 5.0 0.954 present good comparison example 14 A 30 0.50 Ts - 200 42 A Ts - 150 3.0 0.939 present good comparison example 15 B 50 0.70 Ts - 265 63 A Ts - 271 3.0 0.961 present good comparison example 16 B 60 0.50 Ts - 200 30 A Ts - 205 2.0 0.979 present good comparison example (Note) Rolling Directions A: Opposite directions of polar opposites B: Opposite directions of remaining portions

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0043] 1 casting mold (continuous casting mold) [0044] 2 polar opposites [0045] 3 remaining portions [0046] 6 gas cutting point [0047] 7 gas torch [0048] 9 molten steel [0049] 10 cast product [0050] 10c axial core [0051] 11 plain including the transverse cross-section [0052] 12 rolling reduction roll