INERTIAL ELECTROSTATIC CONFINEMENT FUSION APPARATUS FOR ELECTRON INJECTION NEUTRALIZATION

Abstract

The present invention relates to an inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus for electron injection neutralization, which includes a cathode spherical net, an anode, a cathode high-voltage introduction supporting rod, an electron gun for high-energy electron injection, a vacuum system and a high-voltage power supply system. Neutralizing electrons are injected by the electron gun for the high-energy electron injection and an inner electron gun for electron injection in the spherical net into the spherical net and between the spherical net and the anode of the inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus, thereby reducing or eliminating a space charge force generated by deuterium ions, and increasing the deuterium ion density in the spherical net, so that neutron yield and a profit-loss ratio can be increased.

Claims

1. An inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus for electron injection neutralization, mainly composed of a cathode, an anode, a cathode high-voltage introduction supporting rod (abbreviated as a cathode rod), an electron gun for high-energy electron injection, an inner electron gun for electron injection in a spherical net, a vacuum system and a high-voltage power supply system, wherein the anode is a spherical vacuum cavity (abbreviated as a spherical shell); the cathode is a spherical mesh structure (abbreviated as a spherical net) and is arranged at a center in the spherical shell; the cathode rod is used for supporting and fixing the spherical net and loading negative high voltage to the spherical net, and is also insulated and sealed with the spherical shell; neutralizing electrons are injected into the spherical net by the electron gun for the high-energy electron injection and the inner electron gun for electron injection in the spherical net; the vacuum system is used for maintaining a vacuum environment in the spherical shell and inputting low-pressure deuterium gas; and the high-voltage power supply system is used for generating negative high-voltage potential.

2. The inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus for the electron injection neutralization according to claim 1, wherein the electron gun for the high-energy electron injection is installed on the spherical shell; the cathode potential of the electron gun is lower than the potential of the spherical net; the anode potential of the electron gun is equal to that of the spherical shell; and electron beams emitted by the electron gun move linearly to the spherical net.

3. The inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus for the electron injection neutralization according to claim 1, wherein the inner electron gun for electron injection in the spherical net is installed at a joint portion of the cathode rod and the spherical net, and components of the inner electron gun comprise an electron gun cathode, an electron gun anode and a low-potential shielding cover.

4. The inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus for the electron injection neutralization according to claim 3, wherein the electron gun anode is located between the electron gun cathode and the low-potential shielding cover, and the low-potential shielding cover is located at an outermost side; the potential of the electron gun cathode is higher than the potential of the cathode of the spherical net; the potential of the electron gun anode is higher than the potential of the electron gun cathode; and the potential of the low-potential shielding cover is higher than the potential of the electron gun cathode and lower than the potential of the electron gun anode.

5. The inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus for the electron injection neutralization according to claim 3, wherein emitted electrons of the inner electron gun for electron injection in the spherical net move towards the center of the spherical net.

6. The inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus for the electron injection neutralization according to claim 3, wherein a movement track of the emitted electrons of the inner electron gun for electron injection in the spherical net deviates from the center of the spherical net by a shortest distance of 1 cm.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of multiple potential wells of an inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus.

[0017] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus for high-energy electron injection in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an electron gun for the high-energy electron injection in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of an inner electron gun for internal electron injection in a spherical net in an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are further described below in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 2, an inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus for electron injection neutralization includes a cathode 1, an anode 2, a high-voltage introduction supporting rod 3 connected with the cathode, an electron gun 32 for high-energy electron injection, an inner electron gun for electron injection in a spherical net, a vacuum system and a high-voltage power supply system. The vacuum system is used for maintaining a vacuum environment in a spherical shell and injecting low-pressure deuterium gas; and the high-voltage power supply system is used for generating negative high-voltage potential.

[0022] The deuterium gas pressure in the anode 2 ranges from a dozen Pa to 10.sup.−4 Pa. The anode 2 of the inertial electrostatic confinement apparatus is used as a vacuum cavity wall for grounding. The cathode 1 of the inertial electrostatic confinement apparatus adopts a netted spherical structure and is connected with negative high voltage of −50 KV through the cathode rod 3; and the cathode rod 3 is insulated from the anode 1. A movement track of electrons emitted from the electron gun 32 for the high-energy electron injection is a rectilinear track 41; and after entering a spherical net cathode 1, the electrons may elastically scatter in a certain probability, and are captured in the cathode of the spherical net.

[0023] The electron gun 32 for the high-energy electron injection shown in FIG. 3 includes an electron gun cathode 321 and an electron gun anode 322. The electron gun cathode 321 is located with high voltage of −50.01 KV; and the electron gun anode 322 may be connected directly with the anode 2 of the inertial electrostatic confinement fusion apparatus. The energy of the electrons entering the spherical net is about 10 eV, and is scattered elastically by the deuterium ions in the spherical net and captured by the spherical net.

[0024] FIG. 4 is a local diagram of a junction of the high-voltage introduction supporting rod 3 and the cathode 1 of the spherical net; and the shown inner electron gun for the internal electron injection in the spherical net includes an electron gun cathode 341, an electron gun anode 342 and a low-potential shielding cover 343. The potential of the electron gun cathode 341 is −49.95 KV; the potential of the electron gun anode 342 is −48 KV; and the potential of the low-potential shielding cover 343 is −49.9 KV. The electrons are first extracted from the electron gun cathode 341 under the action of the voltage of 1.95 KV between the electron gun cathode 341 and the electron gun anode 342, and then the energy of the electrons is slowed down to 50 eV through a deceleration effect of the low-potential shielding cover 343. In the movement process of the electrons towards the virtual anode in the spherical net, the electrons are elastically scattered by a large number of deuterium ions, and the movement direction of the electrons is changed, so that the electrons cannot be back into the electron gun. To further reduce the possibility that the electrons return to the electron gun, the movement track of the emitted electrons of the inner electron gun may deviate from the center of the spherical net by a shortest distance of 1 cm, so that even if the electrons are not elastically scattered by the deuterium ions, the movement direction of the electrons may also be changed under the action of a central field.

[0025] Apparently, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.