Combination reamer/drill bit for shoulder arthoplasty

Abstract

An instrumentation kit for use in preparing a shoulder to receive a glenoid component in one embodiment includes at least one combination device, the combination device including a boring section configured to form a first bore in a glenoid, a drive section operably connected to the boring section, a reaming section positioned proximally from the boring section and operably connected to the drive section, the reaming section configured to ream a portion of the glenoid, and at least one drill guide configured to guide a drill bit and positioned so as to guide the drill bit to form a second bore at a location spaced apart from the first bore, wherein the reaming section and the boring section are positioned with respect to each other such that the boring section forms the first bore and the reaming section simultaneously reams a portion of the glenoid adjacent to the first bore.

Claims

1. An instrumentation kit for use in preparing a shoulder to receive a glenoid component comprising: at least one combination device, the combination device including a boring section configured to rotationally form a first bore in a glenoid of a shoulder, a drive section operably connected to the boring section and configured to receive a rotational force, a reaming section positioned proximally from the boring section and operably connected to the drive section, the reaming section configured to rotationally ream a portion of the glenoid, and at least one drill guide configured to guide a drill bit and positioned so as to guide the drill bit to form a second bore in the shoulder at a location spaced apart from the first bore, wherein the reaming section and the boring section are positioned with respect to each other such that when the combination device is positioned against the glenoid and the rotational force is applied to the drive section, the boring section rotationally forms the first bore in the glenoid and the reaming section simultaneously rotationally reams a portion of the glenoid adjacent to the first bore.

2. The kit of claim 1, further comprising a body portion, wherein: the body portion defines the at least one drill guide; the body portion defines the drive section; the reaming section extends distally from the body portion; and the boring section extends distally from the body portion.

3. The kit of claim 2, wherein the reaming section comprises: a plurality of reaming fins extending distally from the body section, each of the plurality of reaming fins defining an arcuate leading edge.

4. The kit of claim 3, wherein: the at least one drill guide comprises a plurality of circular drill guides, each of the plurality of circular drill guides positioned such that when a drill bit is extended through any one of the plurality of circular drill guides, the drill bit extends between a respective two of the plurality of reaming fins along an axis substantially parallel to an axis defined by the boring section.

5. The kit of claim 4, further comprising a plurality of ports extending from a distal surface of the body portion to a proximal surface of the body portion.

6. The kit of claim 1, the combination device further comprising a guide bore extending from a distal tip of the boring section to the drive portion.

7. The kit of claim 1, further comprising: a power extension, the power extension including a first coupling portion configured to couple with the drive section to transfer rotational force to the drive section, and a second coupling portion configured to couple with a rotating power tool.

8. The kit of claim 7, further comprising: a manual extension, the manual extension including a first end portion with a coupling portion configured to couple with the drive section to transfer rotational force to the drive section, and a handle located at a second end portion.

9. The kit of claim 8, wherein the first end portion of the manual extension defines a first axis and the second end portion of the manual extension defines a second axis, the first axis and the second axis forming an angle other than 180 degrees.

10. The kit of claim 8, wherein: the combination device further comprises a combination device guide bore extending from a distal tip of the boring section to the drive portion; the power extension further comprises a power guide bore configured to align with the combination device guide bore when the power extension is coupled to the combination device; and the manual extension further comprises a manual guide bore configured to align with the combination device guide bore when the manual extension is coupled to the combination device.

11. The kit of claim 8, wherein the at least one combination device comprises a plurality of combination devices, each of the plurality of combination devices defining a reaming diameter different from the reaming diameter of the other of the plurality of combination devices.

12. The kit of claim 1, wherein: the boring section comprises a helically fluted drill member; and the reaming section comprises a plurality of reaming fins.

13. An instrumentation kit for use in preparing a shoulder to receive a glenoid component comprising: at least one combination device, the combination device including a boring section configured to rotationally form a first bore in a glenoid of a shoulder, a drive section operably connected to the boring section and configured to receive a rotational force, a reaming section positioned proximally from the boring section and operably connected to the drive section, the reaming section configured to rotationally ream a portion of the glenoid, and at least one drill guide configured to guide a drill bit and positioned so as to guide the drill bit to form a second bore in the shoulder at a location spaced apart from the first bore, wherein the boring section defines a boring section axis and the at least one drill guide defines a drill guide axis, the drill guide axis parallel to the boring section axis.

14. The kit of claim 13, wherein: the at least one drill guide comprises a first drill guide, a second drill guide, and a third drill guide; and the drill guide axis of each of the first drill guide, the second drill guide, and the third drill guide is parallel to the drill guide axes of each of the other of the first drill guide, the second drill guide, and the third drill guide.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 depicts a coronal view of an anatomically normal shoulder joint.

(2) FIG. 2 depicts a sagittal view of the shoulder joint of FIG. 1;

(3) FIG. 3 depicts a bottom perspective view of a circular glenoid component that may be implanted in a scapula in accordance with principles of the invention;

(4) FIG. 4 depicts a bottom plan view of the circular glenoid component of FIG. 3;

(5) FIG. 5 depicts a side plan view of the circular glenoid component of FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 6 depicts a side perspective view of a combination device that may be used to simultaneously form a bore for receiving a peg of a glenoid component and to ream a glenoid fossa to receive the glenoid component;

(7) FIG. 7 depicts a bottom perspective view of the combination device of FIG. 6 showing the guide bore extending from a distal tip of the combination device;

(8) FIG. 8 depicts a bottom plan view of the combination device of FIG. 6;

(9) FIG. 9 depicts a side plan view of the combination device of FIG. 6 showing the guide bore extending to a drive section which in this embodiment is a hexagonally shaped bore in a body section of the combination device;

(10) FIG. 10 depicts a side plan view of a power extension which may be used with the combination device of FIG. 6 to couple a power rotary tool (not shown) to the combination device;

(11) FIG. 11 depicts a bottom plan view of the power extension of FIG. 10 showing a guide bore which extends from a distal tip of the power extension to a proximal tip of the power extension;

(12) FIG. 12 depicts a perspective view of the combination device of FIG. 6 aligned with the power extension of FIG. 10;

(13) FIG. 13 depicts a side plan view of the combination device of FIG. 6 coupled with the power extension of FIG. 10 such that the respective guide bores of the combination device and the power extension are aligned;

(14) FIG. 14 depicts a side plan view of a manual extension which may be coupled with the combination device of FIG. 6 manually position the combination device;

(15) FIG. 15 depicts a bottom plan view of the manual extension of FIG. 14 showing a guide bore which extends from a distal tip of the manual extension along an axis defined by the distal portion of the manual extension;

(16) FIG. 16 depicts a top plan view of the manual extension of FIG. 14 showing the guide bore of FIG. 15;

(17) FIG. 17 depicts a side plan view of the combination device of FIG. 6 aligned with the manual extension of FIG. 14;

(18) FIG. 18 depicts a side plan view of the combination device of FIG. 6 coupled with the manual extension of FIG. 14 0 such that the respective guide bores of the combination device and the manual extension are aligned;

(19) FIG. 19 depicts a medical procedure that may be used to implant the circular glenoid component of FIG. 3 into a scapula using the combination device of FIG. 6;

(20) FIG. 20 depicts a perspective view of the scapula of FIG. 2 with a guide wire positioned in the scapula using a guide template nada guide template manipulator;

(21) FIG. 21 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of the scapula of FIG. 20 with the combination device of FIG. 6 guided to a location adjacent to the glenoid fossa by the guide wire of FIG. 20;

(22) FIG. 22 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of the scapula of FIG. 20 with the power extension of FIG. 10 coupled to the combination device of FIG. 6, both the power extension and the combination device guided to a location adjacent to the glenoid fossa by the guide wire of FIG. 20;

(23) FIG. 23 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of the scapula of FIG. 20 and the coupled power extension and combination device of FIG. 22 after the combination device has been used to simultaneously ream the glenoid fossa and form a bore in preparation for implanting the glenoid component of FIG. 3 into the scapula;

(24) FIG. 24 depicts a perspective view of the scapula of FIG. 23 after the power extension has been removed;

(25) FIG. 25 depicts a perspective view of the scapula of FIG. 24 after the manual extension of FIG. 14 has been guided by the wire guide of FIG. 20 and coupled with the combination device of FIG. 6 allowing a user to manually orient the combination device on the scapula; and

(26) FIG. 26 depicts a perspective view of the scapula of FIG. 25 with the combination device of FIG. 6 used to guide a drill bit to form a bore to receive an offset peg of the glenoid component of FIG. 3 while the manual extension of FIG. 14 has been used to manually stabilize the combination device on the scapula.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(27) Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the following description and the accompanying drawings.

(28) FIGS. 3-5 depict a glenoid component 100. The glenoid component 100 includes a body portion 102 including a spherical articulating surface 104 and an opposite bone contacting surface 106. An outer wall 108 extends away from the bone contacting surface 106 and defines an outer periphery of the body portion 102. The bone contacting surface 106 is generally convex. A finned center peg 110 extends away from the nadir of the bone contacting surface 106 as viewed in FIG. 5. Three offset pegs 112, 114, and 116 extend away from the bone contacting surface 106 at locations between the center peg 110 and the outer wall 108. The nadir 118 of the spherical articulating surface 104 is located on the centerline 120 of the glenoid component 100.

(29) The glenoid component 100 in this embodiment is an integrally formed unit made from a durable biocompatible plastic or any other suitable durable biocompatible material. For example, the glenoid component 100 may be made from a polyethylene. One particular polyethylene that is well suited for glenoid component 100 is a high molecular weight polyethylene, for example ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (“UHMWPE”). One such UHMWPE is sold as by Johnson & Johnson of New Brunswick, N.J. as MARATHON™ UHMWPE and is more fully described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,228,900 and 6,281,264 to McKellop, which are incorporated herein by reference.

(30) In embodiments wherein the articulating surface 104 and the other portions of the glenoid component 100 are made from different materials, the portions of the glenoid component 100 other than the articulating surface 104 may be made from a suitable biocompatible metal such as, for example, a cobalt chromium alloy, a stainless steel alloy, a titanium alloy, or any other suitable durable material. In these embodiments, the articulating surface 104 is secured to the body portion 102 in any suitable manner. For example, articulating surface 104 may be bonded to body portion 102, or articulating surface 104 could be made from polyethylene and compression molded to body portion 102. Alternately, the articulating surface 104 may be glued to the body portion 102 by, for example, an adhesive. Alternatively, articulating surface 104 may be mechanically interlocked to the body portion 102 by taper locking or otherwise press-fitting the articulating surface 104 into the body 102 and the body 102 may include any other suitable interlocking features, for example, rib(s), lip(s), detent(s), and/or other protrusion(s) and mating groove(s), channel(s), or indent(s) (not shown).

(31) In alternative embodiments, one or more of the outer wall 108, the bone contacting surface 106, the center peg 110 and the offset pegs 112, 114, and 116 may include a porous coating to facilitate bone in-growth into the glenoid component 100. The porous coating may be any suitable porous coating and may for example be POROCOAT®, a product of Johnson & Johnson of New Brunswick, N.J. and more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,638 to Pilliar, which is incorporated herein by reference.

(32) In order to implant the glenoid component 100 into a scapula, the scapula must first be prepared to receive the glenoid component 100. A device which can be used to prepare the scapula to receive the glenoid component 100 is depicted in FIGS. 6-9. With reference to FIGS. 6-9, a combination device 130 includes a drive section 132, a body section 134, and a drill or boring section 136. The drive section 132 in this embodiment is a hexagonally shaped bore defined in the body section 134.

(33) A number of reaming fins 140 extend from the lower central portion of the body section 134 toward the drill section 136. The reaming fins 140 curve proximally and outwardly from the lower central portion of the body section 134 to the outer periphery of the body section 134. The reaming fins 140 include an arcuate leading edge 142. The body section 134 defines a number of through-holes at locations between adjacent reaming fins 140. The through-holes in the embodiment of FIGS. 6-9 include three drill guides 146 and three ports 148.

(34) The drill section 136 extends away from the body section 134 to a distal tip 150. Two flutes 152 and 154 extend helically about the drill section 136 between the body section 134 and the distal tip 150. A guide bore 156 extends from the distal tip 150 to the drive section 132.

(35) As discussed in further detail below, a kit may include one or more combination devices 130 along with various instrumentation to facilitate use of the combination device 130. By way of example, FIG. 10 depicts a power extension 160 that may be included in the kit. The power extension 160 includes a power receiving portion 162 and a power transfer portion 164. The power receiving portion 162 is sized and configured to couple with a power tool and includes a pair of opposing power receiving flats 166 and a pair of coupling grooves 168 and 170 which extend about the power receiving portion 162 between the power receiving flats 166.

(36) The power transfer portion 164 is shaped to be complimentary to the drive section 132. In the embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11, the power transfer portion 164 is thus a hexagonally shaped protrusion sized to fit within the drive section 132. A guide bore 172 extends from the distal tip of the power transfer portion 164 to the proximal end of the power receiving portion 162.

(37) To couple the combination device 130 with the power extension 160, the power transfer portion 164 is aligned with the drive section 132 as shown in FIG. 12. The combination device 130 with the power extension 160 are then moved toward each other such that the power transfer portion 164 enters into the drive section 132 resulting in the configuration of FIG. 13. In FIG. 13, the guide bore 156 of the combination device 130 is aligned with the guide bore 172 of the power extension 160.

(38) FIGS. 14-16 depict a manual extension 180 that may also be included in the kit. The manual extension 180 includes a handle portion 182 and a power transfer portion 184. The handle portion 182 is sized and configured to be easily gripped and defines a first axis 186.

(39) The power transfer portion 184 includes a hexagonal protuberance 188 shaped to be complimentary to the drive section 132. The power transfer portion 184 defines a second axis 190. The second axis 190 forms an angle 192 of about 145 degrees with the first axis 186. A guide bore 194 extends from the distal tip of the power transfer portion 184 along the second axis 190.

(40) To couple the combination device 130 with the manual extension 180, the power transfer portion 184 is aligned with the drive section 132 as shown in FIG. 17. The combination device 130 and the manual extension 180 are then moved toward each other such that the hexagonal protuberance 188 enters into the drive section 132 resulting in the configuration of FIG. 18.

(41) In FIG. 18, the guide bore 156 of the combination device 130 is aligned with the guide bore 194 of the manual extension 180. Beneficially, the angle 192 (see FIG. 14) between the handle portion 182 and the power transfer portion 184 allows a user to easily see the guide bore 194, thereby assisting in alignment of the power transfer portion 184 with the drive section 132 or, as discussed in more detail below, with a guide wire extending through the guide bore 156. The angle 192 further provides a mechanical advantage in maintaining the combination device 130 in a desired location as also discussed below.

(42) A kit including the combination device 130, the power extension 160, and the manual extension 180 may be used in preparing a shoulder to receive a glenoid component such as glenoid component 100 in accordance with a procedure 200 depicted in FIG. 19. Initially, a scapula is accessed at block 202 in accordance with a desired surgical approach. At block 204, a guide wire, which may be provided in a kit along with other instrumentation used in the procedure 200, is positioned on the scapula. Positioning of the guide wire may be computer aided. In one embodiment, the guide wire is positioned based upon identification of the center of an inferior glenoid circle. By way of example, FIG. 20 depicts a guide wire 206 implanted into a glenoid 14 of the scapula 12. In the embodiment of FIG. 20, the guide wire 206 has been positioned with the aid of a guide plate 208 and a guide plate manipulator 210.

(43) Once the guide wire is positioned, a combination device 130 is positioned with the guide bore 156 aligned with the guide wire. The combination device 130 is then moved toward the guide wire and at block 212 the guide wire is used to guide the combination device 130 to a location adjacent to the glenoid 14 of the scapula 12 as depicted in FIG. 21.

(44) At block 214, a power extension 160 is coupled to the combination device 130 substantially in the manner described above. Since the guide wire 206 extends through the guide bore 156 of the combination device 130, however, coupling of the power extension 160 to the combination device 130 begins by aligning the guide bore 172 of the power extension 160 with the guide wire 206. The guide wire 206 thus guides the power extension 160 to the combination device 130. Some rotation of the power extension 160 may be required to align the power transfer portion 164 with the drive section 132 of the combination device 130 to allow coupling of the power extension 160 with the combination device 130. The resulting configuration is depicted in FIG. 22.

(45) A rotary tool (not shown) is then coupled to the combination device 130 at block 216. In some embodiments, a rotary tool may be directly coupled to the combination device 130. In this example, the power extension 160 is coupled to the combination device 130 as described above. Thus, the rotary tool is coupled to the power receiving portion 162 of the power extension 160 so as to be indirectly coupled to the combination device 130.

(46) Power is then applied to the rotary tool causing the rotary tool to rotate the power extension 160. Rotary force is transferred to the drive section 132 of the combination device 130 through the power transfer portion 164 (see FIG. 12). As the combination device 130 initially rotates about the guide wire 206, the drill section 136 contacts the glenoid 14 and begins to bore a hole in the glenoid 14. The reaming fins 140, however, are initially spaced apart from the glenoid 14 as depicted in FIG. 22. Accordingly, no reaming occurs. As a hole is formed in the glenoid 14 by the drill section 136, the combination device 130 is guided by the guide wire such that the reaming fins 140 come into contact with the glenoid 14 as depicted in FIG. 23. Continued rotation of the combination device 130 with the rotary tool thus causes simultaneous reaming of the glenoid 14 with the reaming fins 140 and boring of the scapula 12 with the drill section 136 at block 218.

(47) Once the glenoid 14 has been reamed to the desired depth, the power tool is de-energized and disconnected at block 220. The size of the drill section 132, both in length and diameter, is selected to be complimentary to the size of the center peg 110 of the glenoid component 100. Thus, upon completion of the reaming, the bore formed by the drill section is sized to receive the finned center peg 110. The power extension 160 is disconnected at block 222, resulting in the configuration of FIG. 24.

(48) At block 224, the manual extension 180 is coupled to the combination device 130 substantially in the manner described above. Since the guide wire 206 extends through the guide bore 156 of the combination device 130, however, coupling of the manual extension 180 to the combination device 130 begins by aligning the guide bore 190 of the manual extension 180 with the guide wire 206. The guide wire 206 thus guides the manual extension 180 to the combination device 130. Some rotation of the manual extension 180 may be required to align the hexagonal protuberance 188 of the manual extension 180 with the drive section 132 of the combination device 130 to allow coupling of the manual extension 180 with the combination device 130. The resulting configuration is depicted in FIG. 25.

(49) Once the manual extension 180 has been coupled with the combination device 130, the manual extension 180 may be used to align the combination device 130 at block 226 as explained with reference to FIG. 25. Specifically, the handle portion 182 may be rotated about the axis 228 defined by the guide wire 206. Rotation of the handle portion 182 about the axis 228 causes rotation of the combination device 130 about the axis 228.

(50) The curvature of the manual extension 180 resulting from the angle 192 (see FIG. 14) provides a surgeon with a relatively unobstructed view of the combination device 130. Accordingly, the surgeon may view the reamed surface of the glenoid 14 through the drill guides 146. This allows a surgeon to view the location in the shoulder 12 at which the offset fixation pegs 112, 114, and 116 of the glenoid component 100 will be anchored. In the embodiments in this example wherein the number and positioning of the drill guides 146 are complimentary to the number and positioning of the offset fixation pegs 112, 114, and 116, the surgeon may orient the combination device 130 such that each of the drill guides 146 is aligned with portions of the shoulder that can provide a good anchor for the offset fixation pegs 112, 114, and 116.

(51) Once the combination device 130 is aligned at the block 226, a drill bit is inserted through one of the drill guides 146 to drill an additional bore at a location spaced apart from the first bore formed using the drill section 136 at block 230. By way of example, FIG. 26 depicts a drill bit 232 positioned in a drill guide 146 of the combination device 130. The manual extension 180 may be used to steady the combination device 130 during the drilling process. The offset of the handle portion 182 from the axis 228 provided by the angle 192 results in a mechanical advantage in maintaining the combination device 130 at the desired orientation. Blocks 226 and 30 may be repeated as desired to form additional holes.

(52) Once all of the desired holes are formed, the combination device 130 is removed at block 234. The manual extension 180 may be used to aid in removal of the combination device 130. At block 236, the glenoid component is implanted. In this example, the glenoid component 100 has a lower bone contacting surface 106 shaped complimentary to the reaming cross-section of the reaming fins 140. Thus, in this example the lower bone contacting surface 106 is curved complimentary to the distal curve of the reaming fins 140. In other embodiments, the reaming fins 140 may be configured to produce a flat bottomed area if a glenoid component with a flat lower bone contacting surface is used. Accordingly, a kit may include different combination devices with differently shaped reaming cross-sections.

(53) The combination device 130 and the procedure 200 may be used in combination with various of the devices and procedures disclosed in the related applications identified above. Thus, while the combination device 130 is useful in implanting a circular glenoid device at the center of the inferior glenoid circle, the combination device 130 may be used to implant other glenoid components, including non-circular glenoid components, at any desired location in a glenoid. Preferably, the diameter of the reaming cross-section of the combination device 130 is selected to match the largest diameter of a glenoid component. Thus, while a kit may include one or more combination devices 130 of the same reaming diameter, a kit may alternatively include a number of combination devices with differently sized reaming diameters.

(54) The foregoing description of the invention is illustrative only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the precise terms set forth. Further, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain illustrative embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the scope and spirit of the invention as described and defined in the following claims.