HIGH-ROTATIONAL SPEED CUP-SHAPED GRINDING WHEEL

Abstract

A high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel includes an annular base, several blades and a flow splitting structure. The blades are fixed on a side of the base at an interval in a circumferential direction to form a blade ring. The side of the blade ring away from the base forms an annular working surface, and two adjacent blades are spaced apart from each other to form a water passage channel for delivering cooling water to the working surface. The flow splitting structure is fixed on the blade ring and splits the cooling water into two branches, where a first branch delivers the cooling water to an outer area of the working surface, and a second branch delivers the cooling water to an inner area of the working surface, and then delivers the cooling water from an inner area of the working surface to an outer side area thereof.

Claims

1. A high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel, comprising an annular base, a plurality of blades and a flow splitting structure; wherein the blades are arranged at an interval in a circumferential direction and are fixed on a side of the base to form a blade ring, a side of the blade ring away from the base is an annular working surface, and two adjacent blades are spaced apart to form a water passage channel for delivering a cooling water to the working surface; the flow splitting structure is fixed on the blade ring and divides the cooling water into two branches, wherein a first branch delivers the cooling water to an outer area of the working surface through an interior of the water passage channel under a centrifugal force due to a rotation of the base, and a second branch delivers the cooling water to an inner area of the working surface through an exterior of the water passage channel under a centrifugal force due to the rotation of the base, and delivers the cooling water from the inner area of the working surface to an outer side area thereof upon being blocked by a machined workpiece.

2. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the flow splitting structure comprises an outer ring body and an inner ring body; the outer ring body is fixed on an outer side of the blade ring, the inner ring body is fixed on an inner side of the blade ring, and a water passage hole that is in communication with the water passage channel is provided at a sidewall of the inner ring body that corresponds to the water passage channel, whereby the first branch is formed from the water passage hole to the outer area of the working surface through the water passage channel, and the second branch is formed from an inner sidewall of the inner ring body to the inner area of the working surface.

3. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 2, wherein the water passage hole is an annular structure, and is provided on the sidewall of the inner ring body in a circle.

4. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 3, wherein the water passage hole is positioned on the sidewall of the inner ring body at an end away from the working surface.

5. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 2, wherein the water passage hole is an annular structure, and is provided on the sidewall of the inner ring body in two or more circles.

6. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 2, wherein inner and outer ends of the blade are respectively provided with a second arc block and a first arc block, and notches are respectively provided on both sides of the second arc block; after the blades are fixed on the base, the first arc blocks on all the blades are spliced to form the outer ring body, and the second arc blocks on all the blades are spliced to form the inner ring body; and after two adjacent second arc blocks are spliced, the notches on them are butted to form the water passage holes that communicate with the corresponding water passage channels.

7. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 6, wherein the first arc block and the second arc block are integrally formed with the corresponding blades.

8. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the water passage channel is a straight groove structure that is radially consistent with the base.

9. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the water passage channel is an oblique groove structure radially inclined relative to the base.

10. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a connecting plate connected with a spindle of a machine tool; wherein the connecting plate is fixed on a side of the base away from the blade ring.

11. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that wherein a plurality of grooves are provided on one or both sides of the water passage channel, a position of the working surface corresponding to the groove is prone to rapid wear and forms a circumferential trough, and the trough and the water passage channel are interlaced to form a slot with a mesh structure on the working surface.

12. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 11, wherein the grooves are arranged on different diameters of the blade ring, a connecting line of the grooves on the same-diameter circumference of the blade ring is in a form of a single arc or multiple arcs that are uniformly disposed, a length of the single arc is at most half a circle of a corresponding circumference, and a cumulative length of the multiple arcs is at most half a circle of a corresponding circumference.

13. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 2, wherein thicknesses of the outer ring body and the inner ring body are set at 3 mm or less or 1 mm or less.

14. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 9, wherein when a linear rotational speed of the base reaches 45 m/s or more, an end of the water passage channel close to an outer side of the blade ring is inclined by an angle θ toward a direction of rotation of the base with respect to an end of the water passage channel close to an inner side of the blade ring, and the higher the linear rotational speed of the base, the greater the value of the angle θ.

15. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 2, further comprising a connecting plate connected with a spindle of a machine tool; wherein the connecting plate is fixed on a side of the base away from the blade ring.

16. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 3, further comprising a connecting plate connected with a spindle of a machine tool; wherein the connecting plate is fixed on a side of the base away from the blade ring.

17. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 4, further comprising a connecting plate connected with a spindle of a machine tool; wherein the connecting plate is fixed on a side of the base away from the blade ring.

18. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 5, further comprising a connecting plate connected with a spindle of a machine tool; wherein the connecting plate is fixed on a side of the base away from the blade ring.

19. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 6, further comprising a connecting plate connected with a spindle of a machine tool; wherein the connecting plate is fixed on a side of the base away from the blade ring.

20. The high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 7, further comprising a connecting plate connected with a spindle of a machine tool; wherein the connecting plate is fixed on a side of the base away from the blade ring.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a structure of a through blade ring-type cup-shaped grinding wheel of the prior art;

[0033] FIG. 2 is the top view of FIG. 1;

[0034] FIG. 3 is the sectional view along A-A of FIG. 2;

[0035] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a structure of an oblique through blade ring-type cup-shaped grinding wheel of the prior art;

[0036] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a structure of an inner blade ring-type cup-shaped grinding wheel of the prior art;

[0037] FIG. 6 is the top view of FIG. 5;

[0038] FIG. 7 is the sectional view along B-B of FIG. 6;

[0039] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a structure of a blade-free ring-type cup-shaped grinding wheel of the prior art;

[0040] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a structure of an outer blade ring-type cup-shaped grinding wheel of the prior art;

[0041] FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional view of a first embodiment in accordance with the present invention;

[0042] FIG. 11 is the top view of FIG. 10;

[0043] FIG. 12 is the sectional view along C-C of FIG. 11;

[0044] FIG. 13 is a three-dimensional view of a second embodiment in accordance with the present invention;

[0045] FIG. 14 is the top view of FIG. 13;

[0046] FIG. 15 is the sectional view along D-D of FIG. 14;

[0047] FIG. 16 is a three-dimensional view of a third embodiment in accordance with the present invention;

[0048] FIG. 17 is a three-dimensional view of a blade in the third embodiment in accordance with the present invention;

[0049] FIG. 18 is a three-dimensional view of the water passage channel having a straight channel structure with a groove on a side of the water passage channel in a fourth embodiment;

[0050] FIG. 19 is a three-dimensional view of the water passage channel having an oblique channel structure with a groove on a side of the water passage channel in the fourth embodiment;

[0051] FIG. 20 is a three-dimensional view of the water passage channel having an oblique channel structure with grooves on both sides of the water passage channel in the fourth embodiment;

[0052] FIG. 21 is an enlarged view of detail E of FIG. 20;

[0053] FIG. 22 is a three-dimensional view of a groove body with a mesh structure formed on the working surface after the blade ring is worn in the fourth embodiment;

[0054] FIG. 23 is an enlarged view of a detail F of FIG. 22;

[0055] FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of grooves on the same-diameter circumference;

[0056] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the direction of rotation of the grinding wheel being identical with the inclination direction of the water passage channel in the conventional processing technology; and

[0057] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of the rotation direction of the grinding wheel being opposite to the inclination direction of the water passage channel in a fifth embodiment.

[0058] In the drawings, the arrows indicate the flow direction of the cooling water or the rotation direction of the grinding wheel.

[0059] In the drawings, the list of components represented by each number is as follows:

[0060] 1. Base, 2. Blade, 3. Water passage channel, 4. Outer ring, 5. Inner ring, 6. Water passage hole, 7. First arc block, 8. Second arc block, 9. Notch, 10. Connecting plate, 11. Groove, 12. Trough.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0061] The principles and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

First Embodiment

[0062] As shown in FIGS. 10-12, a high-rotational speed cup-shaped grinding wheel may include an annular base 1, a plurality of blades 2, and a connecting plate 10 connected to a spindle of a machine tool. One side of the blade 2 arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction and fixed on the base 1 forms a blade ring, and the side of the blade ring away from the base 1 is an annular working surface, and two adjacent blades 2 are spaced apart to form a water passage channel 3 for delivering cooling water to the working surface. The water passage channel 3 is a straight groove structure that is radially consistent with the base 1, or the water passage channel 3 is an oblique groove structure that is inclined radially relative to the base 1. The connecting plate 10 is fixed on a side of the base 1 away from the blade ring.

[0063] The cup wheel also includes a flow splitting structure. The flow splitting structure is fixed to the blade ring and divides the cooling water into two branches, in which a first branch delivers the cooling water to the outer area of the working surface through the interior of the water passage channel 3 under the action of the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the base 1, and a second branch delivers the cooling water to the inner area of the working surface through the exterior of the water passage channel 3 (that is, the inner wall of the grinding wheel) under the action of the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the base 1. The cooling water is then delivered from an inner area of the working surface to an outer side area thereof upon being blocked by the machined workpiece. The flow splitting structure includes an outer ring body 4 and an inner ring body 5. The outer ring body 4 is fixed on the outer side of the blade ring, the inner ring body 5 is fixed on the inner side of the blade ring, and a water passage hole 6 that communicates with the water passage channel 3 is provided at a position on the sidewall of the inner ring body 5 corresponding to the water channel 3. As a result, the first branch is formed from the water passage hole 6 to the outer area of the working surface through the water passage channel 3, and the second branch is formed the inner sidewall of the inner ring body 5 to the inner side of the working surface. The thickness of the outer ring body 4 and the inner ring body 5 is set at 3 mm or less, and the optimal thickness is 1 mm or less. The water passage hole 6 is an annular structure, which is provided on the sidewall of the inner ring body 5 in a circle and is positioned on the sidewall of the inner ring body 5 at an end away from the working surface.

[0064] During operation, the cooling water entering the blade ring is blocked by the inner ring body 5 under the action of the centrifugal force caused by the high-speed rotation of the cup-shaped grinding wheel, preventing all the cooling water from entering the water passage channel 3. Since the inner ring body 5 is provided with a water passage hole 6, the cooling water inside the blade ring will be divided into two branches.

[0065] The flow path of the first branch is as follows: a part of the cooling water enters the water passage channel 3 from the inside of the blade ring through the water passage hole 6, and after the cooling water enters the water passage channel 3, it flows down the inner wall of the outer ring body 4 toward the outer area of the working surface in an axial direction of the blade ring while being blocked by the outer ring body 4, thereby cooling the outer area of the working surface;

[0066] The flow path of the second branch is as follows: under the action of the flow restriction by the water passage hole 6, another part of the cooling water flows down the inner wall of the inner ring body 5 toward the inner area of the working surface in an axial direction of the blade ring, to thereby cool the inner area of the working surface, and cool the inner area of the working surface before flowing to the outer area of the working surface.

[0067] To sum up, water flows of the two branches cool the inner and outer areas of the working surface respectively, and finally achieve the effect of cooling the working surface in an all-round way, avoiding the existence of areas on the working surface that cannot be cooled by the cooling water, which greatly improves the machining quality.

Second Embodiment

[0068] This embodiment improves the structure of the water passage hole 6 on the basis of the first embodiment, the other parts are consistent with the first embodiment, and the details are described as follows.

[0069] As shown in FIGS. 13-15, the water passage hole 6 is an annular structure, which is provided on the sidewall of the inner ring body 5 in two or more circles. Since the water passage hole 6 is provided on the sidewall of the inner ring body 5 in two circles, the first branch formed through the water passage hole 6 will have two paths.

[0070] The flow path of the first branch formed by a circle of water passage holes 6 away from the working surface is as follows: the first part of the cooling water enters the water passage channel 3 from the inside of the blade ring through the circle of water passage holes 6 away from the working surface, and after the cooling water enters the water passage channel 3, it flows down the inner wall of the outer ring body 4 toward the area of the working surface close to the outer side of the blade ring in the axial direction of the blade ring while being blocked by the outer ring body 4, thereby cooling the outer area of the working surface.

[0071] The flow path of the first branch formed by a circle of water passage holes 6 close to the working surface is as follows: the second part of the cooling water enters the water passage channel 3 from the interior of the blade ring through a circle of water passage holes 6 close to the working surface, and after the cooling water enters the water passage channel 3, it flows toward the middle area of the working surface in the axial direction of the blade ring under the blocking of the outer ring body 4 and the first part of the cooling water, thereby cooling the middle area of the working surface.

[0072] The flow path of the second branch is the same as that of the first embodiment. Finally, the outer area of the working surface, the area in the middle of the working surface and the inner area of the working surface are covered with the corresponding cooling water, which makes the cooling water more evenly distributed on the working surface and further improves the machining quality. In addition, when the cooling water is supplied from a working end face, the utilization of the cooling water can be improved.

Third Embodiment

[0073] In this embodiment, the structures of the outer ring body 4 and the inner ring body 5 are improved on the basis of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and other parts are consistent with the first embodiment or the second embodiment. This embodiment will be described as follows.

[0074] As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the inner and outer ends of the blade 2 are respectively provided with a first arc block 7 and a second arc block 8. Notches 9 are provided on two sides of the second arc block 8 respectively. After the blades 2 are fixed on the base 1, the first arc blocks 7 on all the blades 2 are spliced into the outer ring body 4, and the second arc blocks 8 on all the blades 2 are spliced into the inner ring body 5. When the two adjacent second arc blocks 8 are spliced together, the gaps 9 on them are butted to form the water passage hole 6 that communicates with the corresponding water passage channel 3. The first arc block 7 and the second arc block 8 are integrally formed with the corresponding blades 2. With the above design, when the blade 2 is assembled, the outer ring body 4, the inner ring body 5 and the water passage hole 6 are formed synchronously, which is beneficial to the assembly of the grinding wheel.

Fourth Embodiment

[0075] This embodiment improves the structure of the water passage channel 3 on the basis of the first embodiment, the second embodiment or the third embodiment, the other parts are consistent with the first embodiment, the second embodiment or the third embodiment, and the details are given as follows.

[0076] As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, a plurality of grooves 11 is provided on one side of the water passage channel 3, or as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, or a plurality of grooves 11 is provided on both sides of the water passage channel 3. The water passage channel 3 may be a straight groove structure or an oblique groove structure. The position of the working surface corresponding to the groove 11 is prone to rapid wear, and a circumferential trough 12 is formed. The trough 12 and the water passage channel 3 are interlaced to form a slot with a mesh structure on the working surface. Since the groove 11 is provided on the sidewall of the water passage channel 3, the following advantages may be obtained.

[0077] First, the groove 11 has the function of storing cooling water such that more cooling water stays on the working surface to improve the cooling effect.

[0078] Second, the groove 11 is designed so that on the circumference of each point of the working surface along the radial direction, the accumulated total circumferential length of the diamond (working material) contained in the working surface is unequal. In other words, the accumulated total circumferential length of the diamond contained in the working surface is shorter at the groove 11. As a result, so the grooves 11 are worn first. As shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, the trough 12 is formed by the groove 11 due to its rapid wear. The trough 12 and the adjacent water passage channel 3 are interlaced to form a slot with a mesh structure. The slot of the mesh structure makes the cooling water distributed to various positions on the working surface such that the cooling water can more easily cover the working surface in an all-around way and fully implement cooling, so as to improve the cooling effect.

[0079] In addition, the grooves 11 are arranged on different diameters of the blade ring, and the connecting lines of the grooves 11 on the same-diameter circumference of the blade ring are in the form of a single arc or multiple arcs that are uniformly distributed. The length of the single arc is at most half a circle of a corresponding circumference, and the cumulative length of the multiple arcs is at most half a circle of a corresponding circumference. As shown in FIG. 24, the dotted line L.sub.1 and the dotted line L.sub.2 represent the connecting line of the grooves 11 on the same-diameter circumference. That is, the connecting line of the grooves 11 on the circumference is two arcs (L.sub.1 and L.sub.2) that are uniformly disposed. The grooves 11 on the circumference of the same diameter are designed into the shape of waves that do not penetrate the entire circumference, that is, concave and convex parts are formed on the circumference. When the grinding wheel is edging, slight axial and radial vibrations will be generated, which can achieve an effect of impact-type intermittent grinding. The blockage from powder chips is frequently relaxed, which greatly increases the effects of chip removal and cooling.

Fifth Embodiment

[0080] In this embodiment, the processing technology of the grinding wheel whose water passage channel 3 is an inclined groove structure is improved on the basis of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, and other parts are the same as those of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment. The details are given as follows.

[0081] When the rotational speed of the base 1 reaches 45 m/s or more, the end of the water passage channel 3 close to the outside of the blade ring is inclined by an angle θ toward the direction of rotation of the base with respect to an end of the water passage channel 3 close to inside of the blade ring, and the higher the linear rotational speed of the base 1, the greater the value of the angle θ.

[0082] For the grinding wheel with oblique groove structure, as shown in FIG. 25, the rotation direction of the grinding wheel/base 1 is forward rotation relative to the inclined direction of the water passage channel 3 in the traditional machining process, and the forward rotation is conducive to the outflow of cooling water. In this way, it makes the cooling water in the water passage channel 3 easier to be thrown out under the centrifugal force, thereby improving the cooling effect. However, when the grinding wheel rotates at a high speed and reaches a certain value, such as when the linear rotational speed reaches 45 m/s or more, the centrifugal force increases due to the high-speed rotation, so that too much cooling water is quickly thrown out from the end face of the outer ring of the grinding wheel, while the working surface of the inner ring lacks water for cooling. At this time, as shown in FIG. 26, the rotation direction of the grinding wheel/base 1 is changed such that the rotation direction thereof is reverse relative to the inclined direction of the water passage channel 3. The reverse rotation is not conducive to the outflow of cooling water, that is, the water passage channel 3 is arranged in the reverse direction, which achieves the effect of preventing rapid radial leakage of cooling water and forms a “spring” effect, which is conducive to enhancing the cooling effect of cooling water on the working surface.

[0083] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure shall be encompassed in the protection scope of the present disclosure.