Method for producing a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell

Abstract

A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell comprises the following steps: a first step during which a chemical catalyst element is deposited on a first face of an ion-exchanging membrane, the membrane being held on a support film; a second step during which the membrane is unglued from the support film; a third step during which the membrane is inserted between two reinforcing elements; and a fourth step during which a chemical catalyst element is deposited on the part left free of the second face of the membrane.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell, the method comprising, in the following order, the steps: (a) depositing a chemical catalyst element on a first face of an ion-exchanging membrane, the membrane being held on a support film; (b) ungluing the membrane from the support film; (c) inserting the membrane between two reinforcing elements positioned so as to sandwich the edge of the membrane along all of the periphery of the membrane; and (d) depositing the chemical catalyst element on the second face of the membrane only on a central part of the second face of the membrane, wherein step (a) comprises continuous deposition over all of the first face of the membrane, and wherein step (d) is performed by a method selected from the group consisting of flexography, screenprinting and spraying.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chemical catalyst element is an ink comprising platinum, water and solvents.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the support film is a film made of a plastic material.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the plastic material is polyethylene terephthalate.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) starts after a predetermined time after completion of step (a).

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein seals are present on the reinforcing elements.

7. A method for manufacturing an elementary cell for a fuel cell comprising two identical bipolar plates, surrounding a membrane-electrode assembly and two gas diffusion layers, the method comprising the following steps: (a) placing a sheet of a material, used for forming seals for a fuel cell, on a cutting anvil; (b) installing two clamps for positioning the sheet on a cutting press; (c) cutting, with a tool a template of which depends on a form of the bipolar plates of the elementary cell, to delimit an internal form of a seal; (d) eliminating waste from the cutting of step (c) while keeping the seal in place with the clamps; (e) installing a membrane-electrode assembly, made by the method according to claim 1, on the seal; (f) cutting to delimit an outer form of the seal; and (g) eliminating waste from the cutting of step (f).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) Other objectives and advantages of the invention will become clearly apparent from the following description of a preferred but nonlimiting embodiment, illustrated by the following figures in which:

(2) FIG. 1 presents a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell,

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates a coating method implemented in an embodiment of the invention,

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates a screenprinting method implemented in an embodiment of the invention,

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates a flexography method implemented in an embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

(6) FIG. 1 shows a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell. This assembly comprises an ion-exchanging membrane 1, reinforcing elements 2 and 2′, seals 3 and 3′, and gas diffusion layers 4 and 4′.

(7) As indicated in the preamble of the present application, in a fuel cell, a choice can be made to deposit the catalyst on the membrane 1 or on the gas diffusion layers 4 and 4′. The present invention relates to the first possibility, namely the deposition of the catalyst on the membrane 1.

(8) Thus, a method according to the invention proceeds as follows: The membrane 1, initially positioned on a support film, is catalyzed on a first face, by using a continuous deposition method, for example a deposition by coating which will be described hereinbelow with the aid of FIG. 2, The membrane 1 is then unglued from its support film, and the reinforcements reinforcements 2 and 2′ are placed on either side of the membrane, The membrane 1, bearing the reinforcements, is then catalyzed on the second face; to do this, a method is used that makes it possible to perform a deposition in the form of patterns, such as screenprinting, which will be described with the aid of FIG. 3, or flexography which will be described with the aid of FIG. 4, The seals 3 and 3′ are then installed by using a method according to the invention, Finally, the gas diffusion layers 4 and 4′ are installed.

(9) FIG. 2 shows a system that makes it possible to implement a coating method. The system comprises a support roller 10 over which a membrane 11 circulates, intended to receive a catalyst. The system also comprises an application roller 12 which, on one side, soaks in a tank, not represented, containing the catalyst, and on the other side comes into contact with the membrane 11 installed on the support roller 10.

(10) In order to regulate the quantity of catalyst deposited, the system further comprises a setting roller 13 installed between the soaking tank and the point of contact between the rollers 10 and 12. The distance between the setting roller and the application roller 12 can be adjusted as a function of the quantity of catalyst that is desired to be deposited.

(11) It is observed that this method allows for a continuous application over all of the membrane, but is not particularly suited to an application in pattern form.

(12) FIG. 3 shows a system that makes it possible to implement a screenprinting method. This system comprises a screen or frame 20, formed by a fabric made of PET 21, also called lattice, whose meshes and wire diameter can be adapted to the different uses.

(13) For the creation of the pattern to be produced, the fabric is dipped in a photosensitive product called emulsion on which is deposited a stencil corresponding to the pattern to be produced. In the present case, the pattern to be produced corresponds to the central part of an ion-exchanging membrane, left free after the installation of the reinforcements.

(14) After having undergone an exposure to a UV lamp, the photosensitive product hardens apart from the zone marked by the stencil. The surplus is then cleaned. Thus, the lattice then comprises open meshes 22, forming the pattern, and blocked meshes 23.

(15) Once this frame, or screen, has been manufactured, it is then possible to perform a deposition of catalyst by screenprinting. To do this, the membrane 24, catalyzed on one face, and bearing the reinforcements, is installed on the support 25, the non-catalyzed face being installed uppermost. The screen 20 is then positioned on the support 25, above the membrane 24. A sufficient quantity of catalyst 26 is then deposited on the frame, and spread evenly over the pattern but without pressing too strongly to avoid making it pass through the lattice. This operation is called “lapping”.

(16) Then, a squeegee 27 formed by a polyurethane or metal profile whose hardness and stiffness can be adapted, is passed all along the profile with a variable angle close to 45°. It is specified here that the frame 20 is installed a little above the support 25 so as to avoid a contact between the two before the passing of the squeegee.

(17) The squeegee 27 will then force the lattice 21 to be deformed, bringing it into contact with the support 32. The catalyst is then forced on the passage of the squeegee through the lattice to be deposited on the membrane 24.

(18) The squeegee also makes it possible to scrape away the surplus catalyst from the surface of the screen, the latter then being ready for a second deposition.

(19) FIG. 4 makes it possible to illustrate another method for performing this deposition in pattern form, namely a flexography method, also called “ink pad”. The system shown in FIG. 4 comprises a support roller 30, on which is installed the membrane 31 to be catalyzed. The system also comprises an inking roller 32 on which the pattern to be deposited is formed as an overthickness. The system further comprises a small roller 33 intended to eliminate, after soaking in a tank 34 containing the chemical catalyst element, the ink present on the parts of the inking roller not forming the pattern.

(20) Thus, upon contact between the support roller 30 and the inking roller 32, the pattern drawn on the inking roller 32 is transferred to the membrane 31.

(21) It is observed, in the description of methods such as screenprinting or flexography, that the presence of an overthickness on the membrane could pose problems for the deposition of the catalyst. Thus, it seems shrewd to perform the deposition of catalyst before the installation of the seals of each side of the membrane.

(22) Thus, in a particular embodiment, the seals are flat seals deposited on the reinforcement—catalyzed membrane assembly. An example of a seal cutting and deposition method that can be implemented for this purpose will be described hereinbelow.