COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF SULFUR-FREE CLARIFICATION OF EXTRACT FROM SUGAR-BEARING PLANTS

Abstract

A composition and method for clarification of extract from sugar-bearing plants is provided. In particular, the composition comprises a mixture of one or more natural adsorbing actives and one or more inorganic coagulating or flocculating agents. The composition can be a solid or an aqueous suspension that is added to the aqueous stream of a sugar clarification process used in sugar bearing plants.

Claims

1. An aqueous sugar-containing composition comprising: a) an adsorbing compound chosen from keiselguhrs, kaolins, zeolites, montminrollites, attapulgites, palygorskites, bentonites, clays, volcanic ash, and combinations thereof; b) an inorganic coagulating agent; c) a plant extract comprising sugar; and d) water.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the adsorbing compound and the inorganic coagulating agent are combined, and the combination is added to the plant extract.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the inorganic coagulating agent is chosen from an aluminum salt.

4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the aluminum salt is chosen from aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, or combinations thereof.

5. The composition of claim 3, wherein the aluminum salt is polyaluminum chloride.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the adsorbing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.03 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. %, or of from about 0.3 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent is present in an amount of from about 0.08 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. % based on a total weight of the composition.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is an aqueous suspension, and the adsorbing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, or of from about 0.01 wt. %, to about 0.5 wt. %, or of from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent is present in an amount of from about 0.4 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. % based on a total weight of the composition.

8. A method for improved clarification of a plant extract comprising sugar, water, and impurities, said method comprising: providing the plant extract; combining the plant extract with a) an adsorbing compound chosen from keiselguhrs, kaolins, zeolites, montminrollites, attapulgites, palygorskites, bentonites, clays, volcanic ash, and combinations thereof; and b) an inorganic coagulating agent, to form an aqueous sugar-containing composition; and separating the impurities from the aqueous sugar-containing composition.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the adsorbing compound and the inorganic coagulating agent are combined, and the combination is added to the plant extract.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the inorganic coagulating agent is chosen from an aluminum salt.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the aluminum salt is chosen from aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, or combinations thereof.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the aluminum salt is polyaluminum chloride.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the adsorbing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.03 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. % based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent is present in an amount of from about 0.08 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. %, or of from about 0.3 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the composition is an aqueous suspension, and the adsorbing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. % based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent is present in an amount of from about 0.4 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. % based on a total weight of the composition.

15. A method for reducing the amount of lime consumption in the clarification of a sugar-bearing plant extract comprising a) providing a sugar-bearing extract comprising sugar and water; b) adding to the sugar-bearing extract a composition comprising: an adsorbing compound chosen from keiselguhrs, kaolins, zeolites, montminrollites, attapulgites, palygorskites, bentonites, clays, volcanic ash, and combinations thereof; and an inorganic coagulating agent.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein lime consumption is reduced by at least 50 when compared with the consumption of lime using a sulfitation process.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present method will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures.

[0025] FIG. 1—is a box plot of clarification performance which indicates a synergistic effect when the adsorbing compound is combined with the inorganic coagulating agent.

[0026] FIG. 2—is a boxplot of clarification between specific mixtures between adsorbing compound combined with the inorganic coagulating agent.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background of the invention or the following detailed description.

[0028] Provided are compositions and methods for increased or enhanced clarification of the extract from sugar-bearing plants. In particular, provided for is an aqueous sugar-containing composition comprising an adsorbing compound chosen from keiselguhrs, kaolins, zeolites, montminrollites, attapulgites, palygorskites, bentonites, clays, volcanic ash, and combinations thereof an inorganic coagulating agent, a plant extract comprising sugar and water.

[0029] In some aspects of the composition, the inorganic coagulating agent can be chosen from an aluminum salt. The aluminum salt can be chosen from aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, and combinations thereof. In some aspects of the method, the inorganic coagulating agent can be polyaluminum chloride.

[0030] In some aspects of the composition, the adsorbing compound can be present in an amount of from about 0.03 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. %, or of from about 0.3 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent can be present in an amount of from about 0.08 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, or of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. %, or of from about 0.3 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.

[0031] In yet other aspects of the composition, the composition is an aqueous suspension and the adsorbing compound can be present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, or of from about 0.01 wt. %, to about 0.5 wt. %, or of from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent can be present in an amount of from about 0.4 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, or of from about 0.5 wt. % to about 0.99 wt. %, or of from about 0.6 wt. % to about 0.8 wt. % based on a total weight of the composition.

[0032] In yet other aspects, there is a method for improved clarification of a plant extract comprising sugar, water, and impurities in the form of a juice or syrup. The method includes providing the plant extract and combining the plant extract with an adsorbing compound chosen from keiselguhrs, kaolins, zeolites, montminrollites, attapulgites, palygorskites, bentonites, clays, volcanic ash, or combinations thereof; and an inorganic coagulating agent. The impurities can then be separated from the juice through, for example, decantation and filtration.

[0033] In some aspects of the method, the inorganic coagulating agent can be chosen from an aluminum salt. The aluminum salt can be chosen from aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, and combinations thereof. In some aspects of the method, the inorganic coagulating agent can be polyaluminum chloride.

[0034] In some aspects of the method, the adsorbing compound can be present in an amount of from about 0.03 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. %, or of from about 0.3 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent can be present in an amount of from about 0.08 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. %, or of from about 0.3 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.

[0035] In yet other aspects of the method, the composition is an aqueous suspension, and the adsorbing compound can be present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, or of from about 0.01 wt. %, to about 0.5 wt. %, or of from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent can be present in an amount of from about 0.4 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, or of from about 0.5 wt. % to about 0.99 wt. %, or of from about 0.6 wt. % to about 0.8 wt. % based on a total weight of the composition.

[0036] In yet other aspects, there is an aqueous sugar-containing composition comprising an adsorbing compound chosen from keiselguhrs, kaolins, zeolites, montminrollites, attapulgites, palygorskites, bentonites, clays, volcanic ash, and combinations thereof; an inorganic coagulating agent; a plant extract comprising sugar; and water, wherein the adsorbing compound and the inorganic coagulating agent are combined, and the combination is added to the plant extract.

[0037] In some aspects of the composition, the inorganic coagulating agent being combined with the adsorbing compound can be chosen from an aluminum salt. The aluminum salt can be chosen from aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, and combinations thereof. In some aspects of the composition, the inorganic coagulating agent can be polyaluminum chloride.

[0038] In some aspects of the composition, the adsorbing compound being combined with the inorganic coagulating agent can be in an amount of from about 0.03 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. %, or of from about 0.3 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent can be present in an amount of from about 0.08 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, or of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. %, or of from about 0.3 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.

[0039] In yet other aspects of the composition, the adsorbing compound and inorganic coagulating agent can be an aqueous suspension when combined and the adsorbing compound can be present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %, or of from about 0.01 wt. %, to about 0.5 wt. %, or of from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition; and the inorganic coagulating agent can be present in an amount of from about 0.4 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, or of from about 0.5 wt. % to about 0.99 wt. %, or of from about 0.6 wt. % to about 0.8 wt. % based on a total weight of the composition.

[0040] In still other aspects, there is a method for reducing the amount of lime consumption in the clarification of a sugar-bearing plant extract comprising providing a sugar-bearing extract comprising sugar and water; adding to the sugar-bearing extract a composition comprising: an adsorbing compound chosen from keiselguhrs, kaolins, zeolites, montminrollites, attapulgites, palygorskites, bentonites, clays, volcanic ash, and combinations thereof; and an inorganic coagulating agent.

[0041] In other aspects of the method for reducing lime, the amount of lime consumption is reduced by at least 50%, or at least 55%, or at least 60%, when compared with the consumption of lime using a sulfitation process.

EXAMPLES

[0042] Clarification experiments were carried out using a sulfitation process as a benchmark of sugarcane extract clarification performance. As sugarcane has a lot of variation in composition between samples from different lots, the percentage of clarification was used as a response variable as a function of the benchmarking through sulfitation.

[0043] It is known that diphosphorus pentoxide plays a role in clarification processes. Free diphosphorus pentoxide reacts with residual lime in sugarcane extracts resulting in tricalcium phosphate Ca.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2 being deposited along with other impurities. According to studies, P.sub.2O.sub.5 levels may vary between 70 to 1000 mgL.sup.−1. However, in sugarcane clarification, the P.sub.2O.sub.5 levels are typically tried to be maintained at about 300 to about 350 mgL.sup.−1. When this value drops below the minimum desired value, an extra amount of diphosphorus pentoxide is added until the active level reaches from about 300 to about 350 mgL.sup.−1 or whatever the desired level is. The experimental procedure to determine the initial amount of P.sub.2O.sub.5 in samples of sugarcane extract is shown below:

##STR00001##

[0044] The formula below is used for calculating the amount of P.sub.2O.sub.5 in the sample:

[00001]$\mathrm{mg}P/l=200\times \frac{\left(La-Lb\right)}{\left(Lp-Lb\right)}\mathrm{mg}P2O5/l=458\times \frac{\left(La-Lb\right)}{\left(Lp-Lb\right)}$

[0045] wherein results are given as mg of Phosphorus/Liter (P/I) where:

[0046] La is the Sample reading;

[0047] Lb is the Blank reading; and

[0048] Lp is the Standard reading.

[0049] In order to standardize the clarification responses, the SO.sub.2 clarification level was used as a benchmarking and all samples clarification results were normalized to the benchmark. That is, a mean of “1” corresponds to the level of clarification obtained by the industry today (SO.sub.2). See summary below:

[0050] Result “1” is the benchmark clarification performance [SO.sub.2 0.03% (m/v)].

[0051] Result “>1” the candidate was better than benchmark.

[0052] Result “<1” the candidate was worse than benchmark.

[0053] Therefore, the closer the results were to 1.0, the closer the sample was to the benchmarking performance of sulfitation. To calculate the ICUMSA color of the raw sugarcane extract and clarified extracts, the syrups were diluted in 5 and 10% respectively and their pH was corrected to 7.0±0.1. The samples were filtered through a PVDF membrane with a pore diameter of 0.45 μm and sonicated. The samples were analyzed to determine the solvable solids using a refractometer (Model: ACATEC model RDA 5000), in which the results were presented in Brix and fed into a colorimeter (Model: COLOROMAT S, Schmidt+Haensch GmbH & Co., Berlin, Germany) at wavelength to 420 nm and optical length of the cell to 1 cm.

Example 1

[0054] This clarification study was accomplished as outlined above wherein the following compositions were added to the sugarcane extract and compared with the clarification using a sulfitation process: (1) aluminum silicate and an aluminum salt; (2) aluminum salt alone; and (3) aluminum silicate alone. Results can be seen in Table 1 and FIG. 1, which indicates a synergistic effect is seen when the adsorbing compound is combined with the inorganic coagulating agent.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Clarification of Adsorbent Compound Alone and with Coagulating Agent Sample Dosage Avg. Std. Individual 95% Sample Type Size ppm Clarification Deviation CI for Mean Sulfitation Process 5 300 0.999 0.00707 (0.98122; 0,99878) (New Formulation) 5 300 0.962 0.03564 (0.91775; 1,0062)  Aluminum Silicate + Polyaluminum Chloride Sample 1 5 300 0.486 0.08649 (0.37861; 0.59339) Polyaluminum Chloride Sample 2 5 300 0.428 0.12215 (0.27633; 0.57967) Aluminum Silicate

Example 2

[0055] This study was accomplished using ten different adsorbing compounds to determine their clarifying and adsorbent properties: (1) Bentonite NA-35 (Bentonita); (2) Clarigel™ 215AA (activated clay); (3) Clarigel™ 250AA (aluminum/magnesium silicate); (4) Diatomite BS 5 (diatomaceous earth); (5) Perlite MF 1100 (volcanic ash); (6) Perlite MF 300 (volcanic ash); (7) Perlite 100 (volcanic ash); (8) Perlite 200 (volcanic ash); (9) Polenita Extra (bentonite); (10) Radiolite 600 (diatomaceous earth).

[0056] The samples listed above, were tested in triplicate or quadruplicate at a dosage of 1% w/w. Table 2, shows the statistical results that each sample had on the clarification of the sugarcane extract.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Statistical Results of Clarification of Sugarcane Extract at a dosage of 1% w/w. Standard Samples Sample Size Mean Deviation  (1)—Bentonite NA-35 3 0.98967 0.07391  (2)—Clarigel ™ 215AA 4 0.905 0.02978  (3)—Clarigel ™ 250AA 3 0.653 0.00721  (4)—Diatomite BS 5 3 0.658 0.21912  (5)—Perlite MF1100 3 0.74767 0.25872  (6)—Perlite MF300 3 0.59667 0.04922  (7)—Perlite 100 3 0.78867 0.05093  (8)—Perlite 200 4 0.61 0.14021  (9)—Polenita Extra 3 0.669 0.14592 (10) Radiolite 600 3 0.86867 0.13715

[0057] It is important to note that Bentonite NA-35 performed the best while Perlite MF300, although showing clarification properties, did not perform as well as some of the others.

[0058] Among the Samples tested in the study at a dosage of 1% m/m in 200 g of sugarcane extract, three samples/formulations provided better clarification than the other samples, i.e. (1) Bentonite NA 35 (mean=0.989±0.074); (2) Clarigel™ 215 AA (mean=0.905±0.030) and (10) Radiolite 600 (mean=0.869±0.137) with regard to clarification and lime reduction consumption study. These three samples were chosen for additional studies.

Example 3

[0059] The samples that provided the best results in Example 2, i.e. Bentonite NA 35 and Clarigel™ 215 AA at 1.0% w/w, were tested as mixtures for possible synergism. In this study, a pH regulator (Calcium oxide) and coagulation aid Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) were used in various proportions, the composition being added to the sugarcane extract at a dosage of 0.1% w/w. Results can be found in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Clarification of Sugarcane Extract-Adsorbent Mixtures Compared to Sulfitation Process at 0.1% w/w. ICUMSA % % Clarifi- Clarifi- % Clarifi- cation cation w/w cation Sample Vs Sample % w/w Mixtures Dosage vs SO.sub.2 vs SO.sub.2 SO.sub.2 A Bentonite NA-35/ 0.1 48.38 31.57 0.652 Clarigel ™ 215 (50/50) B Bentonite NA-35/ 0.1 48.38 18.69 0.386 Clarigel ™ 215/ Calcium Oxide (50/40/10) C Bentonite NA-35/ 0.1 52.20 32.46 0.622 Clarigel ™ 215/ Calcium Oxide/ Alupol ® (50/30/10/10) D Bentonite NA-35/ 0.1 50.43 26.24 0.520 Clarigel ™ 215 (90/10) E Bentonite NA-35/ 0.1 50.43 29.57 0.586 Clarigel ™ 215/ Alupol ® (80/10/10) F Bentonite NA-35/ 0.1 47.63 47.63 0.909 Alupol ®(50/50)

[0060] Among the mixtures at dosage 0.1% w/w, Sample F, performed the best with an average of 0.909±0.069.

Example 4

[0061] The following study was accomplished for the potentiation of the lime reduction consumption in clarification. In this Example, synergies of Bentonite NA 35, Clarigel 215 AA, and Radiolite 600 with polyaluminum Chloride (PAC), and its mixtures were studied. Results can be seen in Table 4.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 % Lime reduction results at a Dosing of 0.01% w/w. Average Amount of Average Amount Clarification Std. Lime using of Lime with % Lime Sample vs SO.sub.2 Deviation SO.sub.2/ppm Treatment Reduction Bentonite NA-35/ 0.810 0.016 320 143.33 55.21 Alupol ® (50/50) Bentonite NA-35/ 0.536 0.068 305 138.33 54.64 Clarigel ™ 215/ Alupol ® (33/33/33) Clarigel ™ 215/ 0.599 0.067 350 155.00 55.71 Alupol ® (50/50) Radiolite/ 0.549 0.136 380 140.00 63.16 Alupol ® (50/50) Radiolite/ 0.350 0.027 340 130.00 61.76 Clarigel ™ 215/ Alupol ® (33/33/33) Bentonite NA-35/ 0.567 0.073 320 116.67 63.54 Radiolite 215/ Alupol ® (33/33/33)

[0062] Studies have shown that the replacement of SO.sub.2 in the clarification of broth samples showed lime economy. That is, in all mixtures of aluminum silicates and aluminum salt, there was a reduction in lime consumption. Among the mixtures tested, the sample mixture of Bentonite NA-35/Radiolite 215/Alupol® (33/33/33) provided a lime reduction of 63.54% when compared with the sulfitation process.

[0063] The adsorbent compounds tested in Table 2 were combined with Alupol®, a polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were also tested at a dosage of 0.03% m/m, in the following proportions described in Table 5 and shown in FIG. 2.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Clarification and Lime Reduction Results of Mixtures dosed at 0.03%. Average % Clarif. Amount of Amount of % Clarif. Clarif. of Vs SO.sub.2 Lime using Lime after Lime Sample % Mixture w/SO.sub.2 Sample (Avg) SO.sub.2/ppm Treatment Reduction H Bentonite NA- 41.18 33.37 0.810 320 143.33 55.21 35/Alupol ® (50/50) I Bentonite NA- 48.00 25.721 0.536 305 138.33 54.64 35/Clarigel/Alupol ® (33.33/33.33/33.33) J Clarigel/Alupol ® 52.41 31.37 0.599 350 155.00 55.71 (50/50) K Radiolite/Alupol ® 46.89 25.35 0.549 380 140.00 63.16 (50/50) L Radiolite/Clarigel/ 41.12 14.40 0.350 340 130.00 61.76 Alupol ® (33.33/33.33/33.33) M Bentonite NA- 45.87 26.01 0.567 320 116.67 63.54 35/Radiolite/Alupol ® (33.33/33.33/33.33)

[0064] As can be seen in Table 5 and FIG. 2, among the mixtures tested, mixture H (Bentonite NA-35 50%+Alupol® 50%), which is also the same formulation as Sample F of Example 3 (at 0.1% w/w), obtained the best clarity with an average of 0.810±0.016. Samples I, J, K and M provided similar results. Therefore, it is believed that Bentonite NA-35 and Alupol® obtain better synergy when mixed at a dosage of 0.03%.

[0065] Also investigated in this study, Samples H, I, J, K, L and M of Table 5 were tested for lime consumption. Lime consumption was reduced by 55.21% using the mixture H in the clarification process when compared with. This reduction can generate savings in the process, since chemical inputs generate a lot of costs for a sugar mill, especially lime that is used in grids quantities.

[0066] While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description of the inventive subject matter, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the inventive subject matter in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the inventive subject matter. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the inventive subject matter as set forth in the appended claims.

[0067] Any references cited in the present application above, including books, patents, published applications, journal articles and other publications, is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.