Method of diagnosing battery and adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery

Abstract

A method of diagnosing a battery and adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery includes the steps of initially charging the battery using a constant current mode, wherein the battery is charged by a fix current in the constant current mode; monitoring a deterioration index by a battery management system (BMS), the deterioration index including a highest temperature (Temp.sub.max), an instantaneous temperature difference (ΔTemp), an instantaneous voltage difference (ΔV), an instantaneous internal resistance (IR.sub.max), and a state of charge (SoC) of the battery; when Temp exceeds a predetermined temperature threshold, pausing charging the battery; charging the battery by a constant power charging mode when Temp.sub.max becomes smaller than 90% of the predetermined temperature threshold, wherein the battery is charged by a fix electric power in the constant power mode; charging the battery by the constant current charging mode when Temp.sub.max becomes smaller than 50% of the predetermined temperature thresh old.

Claims

1. A method of diagnosing a battery and adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery, the method comprising the steps of: initially charging the battery using a constant current mode, wherein the battery is charged by a fix current in the constant current mode; monitoring a deterioration index by a battery management system (BMS), the deterioration index including a highest temperature (Temp.sub.max), an instantaneous temperature difference (ΔTemp), an instantaneous voltage difference (ΔV), an instantaneous internal resistance (IR.sub.max), and a state of charge (SoC) of the battery, wherein Temp.sub.max is a highest temperature among any of battery cells in the battery, Temp.sub.min is a lowest temperature among any of the battery cells in the battery, ΔTemp is a difference of Temp.sub.max and Temp .sub.min, V.sub.max is a highest voltage among any of the battery cells in the battery, V.sub.min is a lowest voltage among any of the battery cells in the battery, ΔV is a difference of V.sub.max and V.sub.min, and IR.sub.max is a highest instantaneous internal resistance among any of the battery cells in the battery; and when Temp.sub.max exceeds a predetermined temperature threshold: pausing charging the battery; charging the battery by a constant power charging mode when Temp.sub.max becomes smaller than 90% of the predetermined temperature threshold, wherein the battery is charged by a fix electric power in the constant power mode; and charging the battery by the constant current charging mode when Temp.sub.max becomes smaller than 50% of the predetermined temperature threshold.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined temperature threshold is 80° C.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: when ΔTemp exceeds a predetermined temperature-difference threshold and Temp.sub.max does not exceed the predetermined temperature threshold: pausing charging the battery; charging the battery by a pulse charging mode when ΔTemp becomes smaller than 80% of the predetermined temperature-difference threshold, wherein the battery is charged with a predetermined on-off duty cycle in the pulse charging mode; and charging the battery by the constant current charging mode when ΔTemp becomes smaller than 50% of the predetermined temperature-difference threshold.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the predetermined temperature-difference threshold is 5° C. and the predetermined temperature threshold is 80° C.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein an on time of the on-off duty cycle is 5 seconds, and an off time of the on-off duty cycle is 5 seconds.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: when ΔV exceeds a predetermined voltage-difference threshold, ΔTemp does not exceed a predetermined temperature-difference threshold, and Temp.sub.max does not exceed the predetermined temperature threshold: charging the battery by a pulse charging mode, wherein the battery is charged with a predetermined on-off duty cycle in the pulse charging mode; and charging the battery by the constant current charging mode when ΔV becomes smaller than 50% of the predetermined voltage-difference threshold.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined voltage-difference threshold of the voltage difference is 0.3 V, the predetermined temperature-difference threshold is 5° C., and the predetermined temperature threshold is 80° C.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein an on time of the on-off duty cycle is 5 seconds, and an off time of the on-off duty cycle is 5 seconds.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: when IR.sub.max exceeds a predetermined resistance threshold, ΔV does not exceed a corresponding predetermined voltage-difference threshold, ΔTemp does not exceed a predetermined temperature-difference threshold, and Temp.sub.max does not exceed the predetermined temperature threshold: charging the battery by a constant power charging mode, wherein the battery is charged by a fix electric power in the constant power mode; and charging the battery by the constant current charging mode when IR.sub.max becomes smaller than 50% of the predetermined resistance threshold.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the predetermined voltage-difference threshold is 0.3 V, the predetermined resistance threshold is 10 mΩ, the predetermined temperature-difference threshold is 5° C., and the predetermined temperature threshold is 80° C.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: when SoC exceeds a predetermined state-of-charge threshold, IR.sub.max does not exceed a predetermined resistance threshold, ΔV does not exceed a predetermined voltage-difference threshold, ΔTemp does not exceed a predetermined temperature-difference threshold, and Temp.sub.max does not exceed a predetermined temperature threshold: charging the battery by a constant voltage charging mode, wherein the battery is charged by a fix voltage in the constant voltage mode; stopping charging the battery when SoC reaches 100% of the predetermined state-of-charge value.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the predetermined state-of-charge threshold is 95%, the predetermined voltage-difference threshold is 0.3 V, the predetermined resistance threshold is 10 mΩ, the predetermined temperature-difference threshold is 5° C., and the predetermined temperature threshold is 80° C.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(1) The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals will be used to identify the same or similar elements throughout the several views. It should be noted that the drawings should be viewed in the direction of orientation of the reference numerals.

(2) The present invention provides a new battery charging method for a safer charging process and longer battery life-span. By using this method, a battery can be charged with more electricity but a lower rise of the temperature. This means that the less accumulated temperature effects will decay the life span of a battery, and the less failure risk will occur during its operation.

(3) FIG. 1 shows a flowchart illustrating a method of adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method comprises the steps of: initially charging the battery using a constant current mode (step 11); monitoring a deterioration index by a battery management system (BMS)(step 12); and when Tempmax exceeds a predetermined temperature threshold (step 13): pausing charging the battery (step 14), charging the battery by a constant power charging mode (step 16) when Tempmax becomes smaller than 90% of the predetermined temperature threshold (step 15), and charging the battery by the constant current charging mode (step 18) when Tempmax becomes smaller than 50% of the predetermined temperature threshold (step 17).

(4) In an embodiment, the battery is charged by a fix current in the constant current mode in step 11.

(5) In an embodiment, the deterioration index includes a highest temperature (Tempmax), an instantaneous temperature difference (ΔTemp), an instantaneous voltage difference (ΔV), an instantaneous internal resistance (IRmax), and a state of charge (SoC) of the battery, wherein Tempmax is a highest temperature among any of battery cells in the battery, Tempmin is a lowest temperature among any of the battery cells in the battery, ΔTemp is a difference of Tempmax and Temp min, Vmax is a highest voltage among any of the battery cells in the battery, V min is a lowest voltage among any of the battery cells in the battery, ΔV is a difference of Vmax and V min, and IRmax is a highest instantaneous internal resistance among any of the battery cells in the battery.

(6) In an embodiment, the predetermined temperature threshold in step 13 is 80° C.

(7) In an embodiment, the battery is charged by a fix electric power in the constant power mode in step 16.

(8) FIG. 2 shows a flowchart illustrating a method of adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which further comprises: when ΔTemp exceeds a predetermined temperature-difference threshold and Tempmax does not exceed the predetermined temperature threshold (step 21): pausing charging the battery (step 22), charging the battery by a pulse charging mode (step 24) when ΔTemp becomes smaller than 80% of the predetermined temperature-difference threshold (step 23), and charging the battery by the constant current charging mode (step 26) when ΔTemp becomes smaller than 50% of the predetermined temperature-difference threshold (step 25).

(9) In an embodiment, the predetermined temperature-difference threshold is 5° C. and the predetermined temperature threshold in step 21 is 80° C.

(10) In an embodiment, the battery is charged with a predetermined on-off duty cycle in the pulse charging mode in step 24. In an embodiment, the on time of the on-off duty cycle with a pulse is 5 seconds, and the off time of the on-off duty cycle is 5 seconds.

(11) FIG. 3 shows a flowchart illustrating a method of adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which further comprises: when ΔV exceeds a predetermined voltage-difference threshold, ΔTemp does not exceed a predetermined temperature-difference threshold, and Tempmax does not exceed the predetermined temperature threshold (step 31): charging the battery by a pulse charging mode (step 32), charging the battery by the constant current charging mode (step 34) when ΔV becomes smaller than 50% of the predetermined voltage-difference threshold (step 33).

(12) In an embodiment, the predetermined voltage-difference threshold of the voltage difference in step 31 is 0.3 V, the predetermined temperature-difference threshold in step 31 is 5° C., and the predetermined temperature threshold in step 31 is 80° C.

(13) In an embodiment, the battery is charged with a predetermined on-off duty cycle in the pulse charging mode in step 32. In an embodiment, the on time of the on-off duty cycle with a pulse is 5 seconds, and the off time of the on-off duty cycle is 5 seconds.

(14) FIG. 4 shows a flowchart illustrating a method of adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which further comprises: when IRmax exceeds a predetermined resistance threshold, ΔV does not exceed a corresponding predetermined voltage-difference threshold, ΔTemp does not exceed a predetermined temperature-difference threshold, and Tempmax does not exceed the predetermined temperature threshold (step 41): charging the battery by a constant power charging mode (step 42), and charging the battery by the constant current charging mode (step 44) when IRmax becomes smaller than 50% of the predetermined resistance threshold (step 43).

(15) In an embodiment, the predetermined voltage-difference threshold in step 41 is 0.3 V, the predetermined resistance threshold in step 41 is 10 mΩ, the predetermined temperature-difference threshold in step 41 is 5° C., and the predetermined temperature threshold in step 41 is 80° C.

(16) In an embodiment, the battery is charged by a fix electric power in the constant power mode in step 42.

(17) FIG. 5 shows a flowchart illustrating a method of adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which further comprises: when SoC exceeds a predetermined state-of-charge threshold, IRmax does not exceed a predetermined resistance threshold, ΔV does not exceed a predetermined voltage-difference threshold, ΔTemp does not exceed a predetermined temperature-difference threshold, and Tempmax does not exceed a predetermined temperature threshold (step 51): charging the battery by a constant voltage charging mode (step 52), and stopping charging the battery (step 54) when SoC reaches 100% of the predetermined state-of-charge value (step 53).

(18) In an embodiment, the predetermined state-of-charge threshold in step 51 is 95% of predetermined value, the predetermined voltage-difference threshold in step 51 is 0.3 V, the predetermined resistance threshold in step 51 is 10 mΩ, the predetermined temperature-difference threshold in step 51 is 5° C., and the predetermined temperature threshold in step 51 is 80° C.

(19) In an embodiment, the battery is charged by a fix voltage in the constant voltage mode in step 52.

(20) In some embodiments, any two or more of the processes in FIGS. 1-5 can be combined together as a method of adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery. In some embodiments, the deterioration indexes can be pre-prioritized so that one of the two or more of the processes in FIGS. 1-5 (when combined together as a method of adaptively adjusting charging modes of the battery) with the highest priority will be performed when more than one processes can be performed in the current state of the battery.

(21) In view of the above, in the present disclosure, the current state of battery is diagnosed first and is then used as a basis for adaptively adjusting the optimal charging modes, so that the battery can be charged in an optimal mode based on the current state of the battery. Therefore, the life span of the battery can be significantly extended.

(22) The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.