Abstract
A method for installing a guide rail of an elevator installation arranged in an elevator shaft, wherein the guide rail includes a multiplicity of guide-rail segments that are aligned and arranged in a row one beside the other, includes the following steps: fixing an aligning element in the elevator shaft at a first point in relation to an aligned and fastened first one of the guide-rail segments, wherein the first point is positioned on a route provided by horizontally directed parallel displacement of the route formed by the first guide-rail segment; fixing the aligning element at a second point, in the form of a reference point, in the elevator shaft, an aligning-element portion for aligning a second one of the guide-rail segments therefore being formed between the first and the second points; and aligning the second guide-rail segment relative to the aligning-element portion.
Claims
1-10. (canceled)
11. A method for installing a guide rail of an elevator installation arranged in an elevator shaft, wherein the guide rail includes a plurality of guide-rail segments that are aligned and arranged together in a row, the method comprising the following steps: fixing an alignment element at a first point in the elevator shaft in relation to an aligned and fastened first one of the guide-rail segments, wherein the first point is positioned on a route being positioned by a horizontally directed parallel displacement of the route formed by the first guide-rail segment; fixing of the alignment element at a second point as a reference point in the elevator shaft so that an alignment-element portion for aligning a second one of the guide-rail segments is formed between the first point and the second point, wherein the reference point is maintained during the installation of all of the guide-rail segments of the guide rail; and aligning the second guide-rail segment relative to the alignment-element portion.
12. The method according to claim 11 wherein the alignment element is generated as a laser beam from a laser device and the second point is formed by a marking in the elevator shaft.
13. The method according to claim 11 wherein the alignment element is an alignment cord and is fastened to the second point by at least one fastening device in the elevator shaft.
14. The method according to claim 13 wherein the alignment cord is tensioned in the elevator shaft and a gripping device is arranged at the first point, the gripping device preventing a movement of the alignment cord directed at an angle to a course of the alignment cord.
15. The method according to claim 11 wherein the second point is arranged in a shaft head of the elevator shaft or in a shaft pit of the elevator shaft.
16. The method according to claim 11 wherein the second point is determined by using a reference device.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the reference device is a positioning gauge.
18. The method according to claim 11 wherein the route is a first route, wherein the first point is arranged on a second route having a length equal to half of a length of the first guide-rail segment, wherein the second route is determined by a horizontally directed parallel displacement of the first route arranged along the first guide-rail segment proceeding from an abutment point at a transition from the first guide-rail segment to the second guide-rail segment.
19. The method according to claim 11 wherein the second guide-rail segment is arranged in a row with the first guide-rail segment.
20. The method according to claim 11 wherein the second guide-rail segment is aligned parallel with the fixed alignment-element portion.
21. The method according to claim 11 wherein the reference point is determined at a start of an installation of the guide rail in the elevator shaft.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The invention is explained in greater detail below with the aid of figures. In the figures:
[0021] FIG. 1a: shows an elevator installation with a plurality of components according to the prior art;
[0022] FIG. 1b: shows a prior art guide-rail segment in cross-section;
[0023] FIG. 2a: shows an elevator shaft with an alignment element arranged in this elevator shaft according to the prior art, the elevator shaft having been deformed by external influences;
[0024] FIG. 2b: shows the elevator shaft shown in FIG. 2a in the presence of changed external conditions with a first aligned guide-rail segment and a second guide-rail segment to be aligned according to the known prior art;
[0025] FIG. 2c: shows the elevator shaft shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b during the alignment of a last guide-rail segment belonging to the guide rail;
[0026] FIG. 3: shows an elevator shaft during the installation of a guide-rail segment of the guide rail according to the method of the invention;
[0027] FIG. 4: shows an alignment of a guide-rail segment in the elevator shaft of FIG. 3 deformed due to external conditions;
[0028] FIG. 5a: shows a marking arranged on a shaft floor or a shaft ceiling; and
[0029] FIG. 5b: shows a fastening device on a shaft ceiling or a shaft floor for fastening an alignment cord.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] FIG. 1 shows an elevator installation 2 arranged in an elevator shaft 12. Elevator installation 2 comprises an elevator car 32, a multiplicity of shaft doors 40.1, 40.2, 40.3, a drive 36. Moreover, elevator installation 2 comprises a counterweight 34. Elevator shaft 12 comprises a shaft pit 13 arranged at its lower end and at least one shaft wall laterally bounding elevator shaft 12. Elevator shaft 12 is bounded by a shaft floor 28 at its lower end. Elevator shaft 12 can also comprise, at its upper end, a shaft head 14 with a shaft ceiling 25 bounding elevator shaft 12. Elevator car 32 can be traversed along elevator shaft 12 by means of drive 36. Counterweight 34 can, as the case may be, be traversed in the opposite direction to elevator car 32. Elevator car 32 and counterweight 34 are guided on guide rails (not shown). Such a guide rail comprises a plurality of fixed guide-rail segments which are aligned and arranged together in a row.
[0031] FIG. 1b shows the cross-section of such a guide-rail segment 8, 9, 10 or such a guide rail comprising these guide-radial segments 8, 9, 10. Guide-rail segment 8, 9, 10 comprises a fastening portion 11.1 for fixing guide-rail segment 8, 9, 10 in the elevator shaft and a guide portion 11.2 for guiding the elevator car or the counterweight. In the case of a guide rail comprising a plurality of guide-rail segments 8, 9, 10, guide portions 11.2 of individual guide-rail segments 8, 9, 10 form an essentially straight track. That is to say that jerky movements caused by the transitions between individual guide-rail segments 8, 9, 10 during travel of the elevator car along the guide rail are reduced to a large extent.
[0032] FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c show an elevator shaft 12 deformed by external influences and diverging from the vertical at various points in time during the installation of a guide rail. Such external influences can result, amongst other things, from changing climatic conditions such as changed solar radiation or changing wind conditions. The degree of deformation or of alignment diverging from the vertical is dependent on the extent of the external influences at the given observed point in time. The deformations or alignments of elevator shafts 12 diverging from the vertical represented in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c are depicted in an exaggerated form in order to make clear the situation resulting therefrom.
[0033] An alignment cord 20 is fixed in elevator shaft 12, wherein alignment cord 20 is fixed to a first reference point 22 and to a second reference point 24. The first positioning gauge 51 denoting first reference point 22 is arranged in shaft pit 33. A second positioning gauge 52 denoting second reference point 24 is arranged in shaft head 14. The two reference points can also be determined in elevator shaft 12 independently of such positioning gauges 51, 52 or such positioning gauges 51, 52 can be removed after the determination of reference points 22, 24 for the fastening of alignment cord 20. The alignment cord 20 is tensioned between the two reference points 22, 24 and has an alignment diverging from the vertical due to external influences.
[0034] FIG. 2a shows elevator shaft 12 immediately after a first of guide-rail segments 8 forming the guide rail is aligned and fixed by means of an alignment spacing. Such a guide-rail segment 8 is usually deemed to be aligned when both an upper portion 8″ and a lower portion 8′ of guide-rail segment 8 have a constant spacing from alignment cord 20.
[0035] Corresponding to alignment cord 20 tensioned according to FIG. 2a, first guide-rail segment 8 does not have a vertical alignment, since elevator shaft 12 and therefore alignment cord 20 is not aligned vertically on account of external influences. Since elevator shaft 12 according to FIG. 2a also exhibits a curvature, guide-rail segment 8 may exhibit an alignment diverging from the vertical even in the case of a possible alignment of elevator shaft 12 that is both vertical and also curvature-free at a subsequent point in time.
[0036] FIGS. 2b and 2c show elevator shaft 12 shown in FIG. 2a at later points in time during the installation of the guide rail, wherein the installation of the guide rail or the guide-rail segments represented in these FIGS. 2b, 2c is carried out according to a known method.
[0037] FIG. 2b shows elevator shaft 12 in which first guide-rail element 8 is aligned and fixed according to the description in respect of FIG. 2a. A second guide-rail segment 9 is arranged in a row with first guide-rail segment 8 at an abutment point 26, i.e. is previously fastened in such a way that the guide portions of first and second guide-rail segment 8, 9 produce an essentially smooth track. The given spacing of lower portion 9′ of second guide-rail segment 9 from alignment cord 20 diverging from the alignment spacing results from the shape of elevator shaft 12 which has changed compared to the shape during the alignment of first guide-rail segment 8. In the subsequent alignment of second guide-rail segment 9, second guide-rail segment 9 is fixed aligned parallel with alignment cord 20. That is to say that upper portion 9″ of second guide-rail segment 9 has the same given spacing from alignment cord 20 as lower portion 9′ of second guide-rail segment 9. It follows from this that the guide track has a kink at abutment point 26.
[0038] FIG. 2c shows elevator shaft 12 in which first and second guide-rail segment 8, 9 and further guide-rail segments 9.1, 9.2 have been arranged in a row, aligned and fixed in elevator shaft 12 during the subsequent course of the installation of the guide rail. Further guide-rail segments 9.1, 9.2 are installed like first and second guide-rail segment 8, 9 also according to the description in respect of FIG. 2b. According to such an installation of individual guide-rail segments 8, 9, 9.1, 9.2, the guide track of the guide rail has more or less pronounced kinks at individual abutment points 26 arranged between guide-rail segments 8, 9, 9.1, 9.2.
[0039] The installation of further guide-rail segments 9.1, 9.2 carried out according to the description in respect of FIG. 2b leads to the uppermost already installed guide-rail segment 9.2 possibly having an excessively large spacing from alignment cord 20 and therefore from ideal position 9.2a of this guide-rail segment 9.2. Since represented reference point 24 preferably arranged in shaft head 14 denotes the position at which the guide rail comprising guide-rail segments 8, 9, 9.1, 9.2 must be aligned proceeding from reference point 22, last guide-rail segment 10 of this guide rail to be installed would have to be installed and fastened in such a way that a serious directional of change in the guide track of the guide rail would arise at abutment point 26.1. According to the procedure described in FIG. 2b, a readjustment of all guide-rail segments 8, 9, 9.1, 9.2 is correspondingly required in increased measure. Neglecting the alignment spacing in the immediate vicinity of upper reference point 24 would lead to last guide-rail segment 10 to be installed being fixed in a position 10′ represented in FIG. 2c. It can readily be seen that the guide rail constituted according to the positions of guide-rail segments 8, 9, 9.1, 9.2, 10′ would be aligned essentially not parallel to the alignment cord over its entire length.
[0040] FIG. 3 shows an elevator shaft 12. Elevator shaft 12 comprises a shaft pit 13 and a shaft head 14. At least one guide-rail segment 6, 8 of guide rail 4 is already installed, i.e. aligned and fixed, in elevator shaft 12. Guide-rail segment 6 of the guide rail installed first in elevator shaft 12, i.e. arranged at the bottom in FIG. 3, can have been be aligned and fixed by means of the alignment spacing according to the procedure described in respect of FIG. 2a. Guide-rail segment 8 of guide rail 4 installed last, i.e. the uppermost thereof, has a length L8. The free end of the last-installed guide-rail segment 8 forms an abutment point 26 for lining up a second guide-rail segment 9 to be installed. This means that said abutment point 26 is formed at the subsequently constituted transition between last-installed guide-rail segment 8 and second guide-rail segment 9.
[0041] As an alternative to the installation of individual guide-rail segments 6, 8, 9 from shaft pit 13 in the direction of shaft head 14, as shown in FIG. 3, guide rail 4 can be installed in such a way that a first guide-rail segment of the guide rail is installed in shaft head 14 and the further guide-rail segments are arranged in a row, aligned and fixed from shaft head 14 in the direction of shaft pit 13. The result of this would therefore be that the second point constituted as a reference point would be arranged in shaft pit 13, preferably at the shaft floor of elevator shaft 12.
[0042] First point 22 is preferably positioned on a route which is half the length L8/2 of the last-installed guide-rail segment 8. This route is determined by a horizontally directed parallel displacement of a route extending from abutment point 26 and formed along first guide-rail segment 8.
[0043] A reference point 24 of alignment element 20 is arranged in shaft head 14, preferably at the shaft ceiling of elevator shaft 12. Alignment element 20 is preferably installed in such a way that a preferably rectilinear alignment-element portion for the alignment of second guide-rail segment 9 is formed between first point 22 and second point 24 constituted as a reference point.
[0044] A laser device 23 can be arranged in elevator shaft 12, preferably at the last-installed guide-rail segment 8, in such a way that a laser beam 20 on the one hand exits at first point 22 from laser device 23 or is directed onto first point 22 and on the other hand, moreover, is directed onto second point 24. Laser beam 20 thus forms the aforementioned alignment element.
[0045] As an alternative, alignment element 20 can be formed by an alignment cord, which is fastened to second point 24 constituted as a reference point and tensioned for example by means of a plumb bob or a further fastening device in elevator shaft 12. A gripping device can accordingly be arranged at first point 22 determined on the basis of the last-installed guide-rail segment, said gripping device ensuring that alignment cord 20, during the alignment of second guide-rail segment 9, runs through this point 22, i.e. a movement of alignment cord 20 directed at an angle to the course of the alignment cord is prevented. An alignment-element portion is thus formed between first point 22 and reference point 24, by means of which alignment-element portion an alignment of second guide-rail segment 9 is enabled.
[0046] In the subsequent course of the installation of the guide rail, second guide-rail segment 9 is arranged in a row with this last-installed guide-rail segment 8 at an abutment point 26, i.e. roughly aligned and previously fastened. That is to say that the guide portions of last-installed and second guide-rail segment 8, 9, by means of this lining up of the latter, constitute an essentially smooth guide track of guide rail 4 at abutment point 26.
[0047] Second guide-rail segment 9 is then aligned with respect to the alignment-element portion formed between first and second point 22, 24. That is to say that second guide-rail segment 9 immediately after such an alignment is arranged essentially parallel with alignment element 20, wherein the alignment of alignment element 20 with respect to the vertical during this alignment is dependent on the external influences acting on elevator shaft 12. Second guide-rail segment 9 is usually fixed after the alignment has taken place, in order to maintain the alignment.
[0048] FIG. 4 shows a further elevator shaft 12 constituted according to FIG. 1, which is deformed on account of changing external influences during the installation of a guide rail. Just as in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, the deformations of elevator shaft 12 are represented in an exaggerated form. Installed guide-rail segments 6, 8 in FIG. 4 have been arranged in a row and fixed according to the description in respect of FIG. 3.
[0049] Finally, the effect of such a method of installation is that, in contrast with the procedure represented according to FIG. 2c, last guide-rail segment 9 to be aligned is aligned essentially in the direction of reference point 24. The abutment points between individual guide-rail segments 6, 8, 9 may exhibit kinks which necessitate a readjustment possibly of all guide-rail segments 6, 8, 9, but a very extensive readjustment represented according to FIG. 2c is not required to the described considerable extent.
[0050] FIG. 5a shows a marking 24.1, which marking 24.1 is arranged in a shaft head, preferably on a shaft ceiling 25. Such a marking 24.1 is used for the fixing of an alignment element in elevator shaft 12. An alignment element constituted as a laser beam used for the described method can be aligned on this marking 24.1. Such a laser beam aligned on this marking 24.1 is deemed to be fixed to a point corresponding to marking 24.1. Such a marking 24.1 can alternatively be arranged on shaft floor 28 or on a wall bounding the elevator shaft.
[0051] FIG. 5b shows a fastening device 24.2, by means of which an alignment element 20 preferably constituted as an alignment cord is fastened in the elevator shaft, preferably to the reference point. Fastening device 24.2 is thus used for the fastening of alignment element 20 to a shaft floor 28 or to a shaft ceiling 25 or to a wall bounding the elevator shaft.
[0052] In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the present invention has been described in what is considered to represent its preferred embodiment. However, it should be noted that the invention can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its spirit or scope.
