KEY, LOCKING SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR OPENING OR CLOSING THE LOCKING SYSTEM

Abstract

The invention relates to a closing system having a key (1.1) coded in a quantum-physical manner, which withstands very high mechanical forces, wear, or temperatures. The key consists, for example, of a solid stainless-steel bar having, for example, a diameter of 8 mm and, for example, a length of 120 mm. The coding of the key (1.1) is based on a quantum-physical solid body cryptography. The matter of the solid main body is partially changed in such a way that this change can be read out by means of read-out methods suitable therefor. The coding occurs into the depth of the main body such that external influences such as damage to the surface do not impair the function of the key. The quantum key processed in such a way has no visible or perceptible features of the coding. More than 500 billion different codings are accommodated on a length of approximately 50 mm. The locking system comprises a decoding unit on the lock for decoding the codings, which have been introduced into the solid metal of the key in a quantum-physical manner. The arrangement according to the invention offers a locking system that is extremely resistant to forgery and manipulation, on the basis of quantum-physical solid body cryptography.

Claims

1.-18. (canceled)

19. A key for a locking system, wherein the key is formed by a metal body that has along at least one of its length or its periphery a code region for a code for opening or closing a lock, wherein the code is formed by quantum-physical changes to the metal microstructure of the solid metal body of the key, wherein these changes are scannable without mechanical interaction and are not perceptible to people.

20. A key according to claim 19, wherein the quantum-physical changes are scannable electromagnetically.

21. A key according to claim 19, wherein the quantum-physical changes are mesoscopic, wherein a mesoscopic range extends on a length scale from about a nanometre to about a micron.

22. A key according to claim 19, wherein the quantum-physical changes are neither visible nor perceptible by touch.

23. A key according to claim 19, wherein the metal body of the key takes any desired shape.

24. A key according to claim 19, wherein the metal body of the key is in the shape of a bar or a round bar.

25. A key according to claim 24, wherein the round bar has a constant diameter along the code region.

26. A key according to claim 19, wherein the surface of the metal body takes the form of a carrier of promotional material.

27. A key according to claim 19, wherein the surface of the metal body that is used as advertising media is printed, anodised or provided with a deep stamping.

28. A locking system comprising a key and a locking channel for introducing the key, wherein the key is formed by a metal body that has along at least one of its length or its periphery a code region for a code for opening or closing a lock, wherein the code is formed by quantum-physical changes to the metal microstructure of the solid metal body of the key, wherein these changes are scannable without mechanical interaction with the locking channel and are not perceptible to people, in particular being neither visible nor perceptible by touch, and wherein associated with the locking channel is a decoding unit for decoding the code of the key.

29. A locking system according to claim 28, wherein the quantum-physical changes are scannable electromagnetically, and in that the decoding unit is an electromagnetically operating decoding unit.

30. A locking system according to claim 28, wherein the quantum-physical changes are mesoscopic, wherein a mesoscopic range extends on a length scale from about a nanometre to about a micron.

31. A locking system according to claim 28, wherein the quantum-physical changes are neither visible nor perceptible by touch.

32. A locking system according claim 28, wherein the shape of a reader unit of the decoding unit is adapted to the shape of the metal body.

33. A locking system according to claim 28, wherein the decoding unit has a reader unit that is arranged on the elongate locking channel and is hermetically separated from the locking channel.

34. A locking system according to claim 28, wherein the metal body of the key is formed by a round bar having an external diameter that is slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the locking channel.

35. A locking system according to claim 28, wherein a sensor unit that is upstream of the decoding unit as the key is introduced into the locking channel is provided for the purpose of detecting whether a key is introduced.

36. A method for opening or closing a locking system that has a key and an elongate locking channel for introducing the key, wherein the key is formed by a metal body that is encoded along at least one of its length or its periphery with a code for opening or closing a lock, and wherein the locking channel is adapted to the shape of the key, which is shaped in any desired way, wherein the key is encoded by quantum-physical changes to the metal microstructure of the solid metal body of the key, wherein these changes are scannable without mechanical interaction with the locking channel and are not perceptible to people, wherein the key is introduced into the locking channel in any desired position, and wherein, once the code of the key has been correctly identified, turning the key about its longitudinal axis effects opening or closing of the lock.

37. A method according to claim 36, wherein the quantum-physical changes are neither visible nor perceptible by touch.

38. A method according to claim 36, wherein the quantum-physical mesoscopic changes are scanned by a decoding unit by means of electromagnetic fields that are generated by the decoding unit.

39. A method according to claim 36, wherein introducing the key into the locking channel is detected by a sensor unit and activates a reader unit of a decoding unit.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0026] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment that is illustrated in the attached Figures, in which:

[0027] FIG. 1 shows a key according to the invention in side view,

[0028] FIG. 2 shows the key according to the invention from FIG. 1, in a further side view, wherein the code is indicated,

[0029] FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional view of a housing for a lock,

[0030] FIG. 4 shows a section through the housing in FIG. 3,

[0031] FIG. 5 shows a view of the housing from obliquely behind it, and

[0032] FIG. 6 a diagrammatic illustration of the underlying electrical mode of operation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The invention is now explained in more detail by way of example, with reference to the attached drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments are only examples, which are not intended to restrict the inventive concept to a particular arrangement. Before the invention is described in detail it should be pointed out that it is not restricted to the respective constituent parts of the device and the respective method steps, since these constituent parts and methods may vary. The terms used here are merely intended to describe particular embodiments and are not used restrictively. Moreover, where the singular or the indefinite article is used in the description or the claims, this also refers to a plurality of these elements unless the overall context unambiguously indicates otherwise.

[0034] Within the context of this invention, the term “lock” is not used for the mechanical locking device but, strictly speaking, for a reader unit that is able to read a code on a key and then, if the code that is read matches the code stored for the lock, such as a numerical sequence, to release the mechanical locking device. In this context, for example the locking channel 2.8 is also actually a reader channel.

[0035] In the invention described here, a key 1.1 is used, comprising a solid, preferably monolithic, metal part with no structures that are visible or perceptible by touch in any way. In the exemplary embodiment, the key comprises a short stainless-steel bar having for example a length of 120 mm and a diameter of 8 mm. The end of this stainless-steel bar is shaped appropriately for better manageability, and is provided with a hole 1.3 for the conventional key ring 1.4. The end that is inserted into the keyhole is rounded.

[0036] The lock in the exemplary embodiment comprises a round or square stainless-steel cylinder, with a cover plate at one end and electrical terminals at the other end. The “keyhole” is a round opening in the cover plate. Located in the interior of the cylinder are the electronics, which scan the key 1.1 by way of corresponding sensors and read the code. The key itself is guided in a tube that has an internal diameter only a little larger than the 8 mm of the key, in the exemplary embodiment a Teflon tube having an internal diameter of for example 8.5 mm. The key is guided freely in the tube and does not make contact, mechanically or electrically, at any point. Seen from this point of view, the keyhole 2.5 is hermetically sealed from the detection system, that is to say for example that no gas or similar can be introduced into the locking system.

[0037] For unlocking or locking, the key is simply introduced into the keyhole 2.5, in any desired position, as far as it will go. Once the corresponding code of the key has been read, an opening or closing operation can be triggered electrically. However, the key may also be turned—in the manner of its mechanical counterpart—for example anticlockwise or clockwise, in order only then to initiate unlocking, or clockwise or anticlockwise, in order to trigger a closing operation.

[0038] The key is encoded by making a quantum-technical change to the material of the key body, deep in the key body. The cryptographic information of the key number is encoded in these changes.

[0039] In the exemplary embodiment of the key body that is 70 mm long and has a diameter of 8 mm according to FIG. 1, more than 500 billion different codes may be accommodated. For the sake of simplicity, the key is designated a “quantum key” in the description below. The quantum-technical change in the base material requires the appropriate expertise and devices, with the result that it is almost impossible simply to “copy” a key of this kind. This quantum-technical change in the structure of the key body is not visible. This means that an impression cannot be taken of a key manufactured in this way (photo, wax impression or similar). Mechanical changes for example by filing or sawing at the surface, hammering, heating, cooling, etc. have no effect on the function. Nor is any damage caused by bending the key, provided that it is bent back again such that it fits into the locking channel. According to FIGS. 1, 2, the key may for example have the appearance of a simple round bar.

[0040] Moreover, external coatings using anodisation, polishing, staining or indeed sanding and sand blasting have no effect on the function. It is also possible to incorporate key labelling, promotional material, etc. into the surface by way of deep stamping.

[0041] In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the quantum key 1.1 comprises a solid stainless-steel bar having a diameter of 8 mm and an overall length of 120 mm. The rounded shape 1.6 at the front end serves to make it easier to introduce the key into the keyhole 2.5. The symmetrical recess or milled area 1.2 is not needed for technical reasons but, in the exemplary embodiment, serves merely for better handling of the key. The hole 1.3 may receive a conventional key ring 1.4, such that the quantum key may easily be attached to conventional bunches of keys.

[0042] Located in the code region 1.5 is the quantum-technical code of the key, which is invisible even to an attentive observer. Over a length of for example 70 mm, quantum-technical codes are incorporated such that more than 500 billion different cryptographic options can be used.

[0043] According to FIG. 3, the actual “lock” 2.0, called a “quantum lock” for the sake of simplicity, is accommodated in the exemplary embodiment in a square housing 2.1 made from stainless steel and contains the mechanical guide 2.8 for the key 1.1, a key detector 2.3, and the reader unit 2.2 for the quantum-technical code. The front termination of the lock is formed by a front plate 2.4 that is fixedly connected to the square cylinder. Located in the front plate is the circular keyhole 2.5. According to FIG. 4, the mechanical guide 2.8 of the key 1.1 comprises a tubular part, for example made from ceramic or Teflon. The end of this part is hermetically sealed. This is necessary for example for applications in which an absolutely tight seal, for example gas-tight or pressure-tight, is required. Moreover, the depth of insertion of the key is limited thereby. The elements for fixing the quantum lock in a wall or door have not been illustrated, since general fixing techniques are familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0044] Located close to the keyhole 2.5 is a sensor 2.3 for detecting a key. This sensor 2.3 detects the fact that the key has been inserted, and activates the sensor unit 2.2 for reading the quantum-physical code of the key. In the exemplary embodiment, the sensor 2.3 consumes an extremely small amount of current from the supply voltage 3.4. In this way, the system is perfectly able to operate for a very long time independently, powered by battery. Once the insertion of a key has been detected, the reader unit 2.2 for reading the quantum-technical code is activated. Admittedly, reading the code consumes more energy, but this is only for a few milliseconds for each opening and closing operation. As a result, the average energy consumption remains very low, with the result that operation using battery power can be guaranteed for a period of years. Naturally, the sensor 2.3 can also be dispensed with if sufficient energy is permanently available.

[0045] All the keys that are manufactured carry an absolutely unique number between one and 500 billion. The corresponding key number is allocated to the evaluation electronics 3.1 in the lock by means of programming, with the result that only this or further programmed numbers can open the lock. If for example a central locking facility is used, it is possible for further numerical combinations also to be associated with a corresponding key and passed on by way of the interface 3.2, for example to a central processor. In the case of an individual locking facility, the electronics of the interface 3.2 may of course also actuate an opening mechanism directly, for example by means of servo motor.

[0046] In the exemplary embodiment, after insertion of the key—which may incidentally be introduced into the keyhole in any desired position—and after identification of the correct opening authorisation, further turning of the key is detected. Thus, for example, once the key has been inserted and the key has then been turned anticlockwise or clockwise, an opening mechanism may open for example of a door. Similarly, turning clockwise or anticlockwise would lock the door again. In this way, the same intuitive function as in the case of a mechanical lock is achieved, but without any mechanical function being performed.

[0047] In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, the electronics required for the function of the quantum key are encapsulated in potting compound 2.9. In the rear part of the quantum lock there is located, in the exemplary embodiment, a socket having the terminal contacts 2.6. The regions around the terminal socket may also be metal-shielded accordingly. Because this means that the entire lock is entirely encapsulated in metal, with the exception of the keyhole 2.5 and the terminal contacts 2.6, a very high resistance to EMC interference is achieved.

[0048] FIG. 6 shows the underlying electrical mode of operation of the exemplary embodiment. Once the quantum key has been introduced into the keyhole, the sensor 2.3 for key detection activates the reader unit 2.2 for reading the quantum-technical code of the key 1.1. Detection of whether a key has been introduced is contactless. The reader unit 2.2 for reading the quantum-technical code also operates in contactless manner, through the mechanical guidance provided by the locking channel 2.8 or reader channel of the key. The key number is compared with the number stored in the evaluation electronics 3.1, and if there is a match a further corresponding data word 3.3 is passed by way of the interface 3.2, for example to a central processor. In the case of an individual locking facility, the interface 3.2 may of course also directly control for example a servo motor in the locking mechanism. The supply voltage 3.4 may for example be drawn from a lithium battery.

[0049] In the absence of the quantum key, with a supply voltage of 3 V the sensor 2.3 for key detection consumes only a current of 1.5 μA. Once the quantum key has been introduced, the sensor 2.3 activates the reader unit 2.2 for reading the quantum code of the key 1.1, the evaluation electronics 3.1 and the interface 3.2. The time needed for evaluation by the reader unit 2.2 is correspondingly short, as is the time needed for evaluation of the correct key number and data transmission, with the result that the average current consumption with approximately 100 closing and opening operations per day is under 10 μA.

[0050] The quantum key 1.1 may of course also take any other desired shape, for example that of a flat disc. The essential point is that the reader unit 2.2 for reading the quantum code can detect the code appropriately.

[0051] The key 1.1 for the locking system 2.0 is formed by a metal body that has along its length and/or its periphery a code region 1.5 for a code 3.3 for opening or closing a lock. The code 3.3 is formed by quantum-physical changes to the metal microstructure of the metal body, and these are not perceptible to people without further aids, in particular being neither visible nor perceptible by touch. The metal body of the key 1.1 may take any desired shape. For example, the metal body of the key may be in the shape of a bar, preferably a round bar, which preferably has a constant diameter along the code region 1.5.

[0052] The code 3.3 is formed in the code region 1.5 by making quantum-physical changes to the metal microstructure of the solid metal body of the key 1.1 wherein these changes are scannable without mechanical interaction. Here, the invention makes use of the realisation that such quantum-technical changes to the metal microstructure result in a change in the energy exchange, in particular with an alternating magnetic field. This change may be measured by evaluating the hysteresis losses, that is to say that the quantum-physical changes are scannable electromagnetically, for example. At the same time, however, these changes are not perceptible by people without further aids or with the naked eye, in particular being neither visible nor perceptible by touch. Externally, the key has rather the appearance for example of a round bar or similar. The quantum-physical changes are within the mesoscopic range. In solid state physics, a transitional range lying between the microscopic and the macroscopic is called mesoscopic. Put simply, the mesoscopic range extends on a length scale from about a nanometre to about a micron. A multiplicity of these changes made to the metal microstructure then together represent a code within a code zone 1.8. If a plurality of items of information are incorporated next to one another in a code zone along the periphery of the key 1.1, this applies to every individual item of information. This means that each partial item of information of the code comprises a multiplicity of mesoscopic changes that are not perceptible externally. Typically, these changes are from 0.1 to 2 mm in length or in diameter.

[0053] As well as the key 1.1, the locking system includes a lock having a locking channel 2.8 for introduction of the key 1.1. Associated with the locking channel 2.8 is a decoding unit for decoding the code 3.3 of the key 1.1. The shape of the reader unit 2.2 of the decoding unit is adapted to the shape of the metal body. The metal body of the key 1.1 is for example formed by a round bar having an external diameter AD that is slightly smaller than the internal diameter ID of the locking channel 2.8. The reader unit 2.2 is arranged on the locking channel 2.8 and is hermetically separated from the locking channel 2.8. Here, it is also possible for a plurality of reader devices for each individual code zone 1.8 to be provided, arranged serially one behind the other, but typically one reader unit is arranged at the periphery of the locking channel 2.8, preferably in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of the locking channel, and this reads, one after the other, the items of information that are encoded in the individual code zones 1.8 when the key 1.1 is introduced into the locking channel 2.8.

[0054] According to FIG. 2, the code region 1.5 preferably has a plurality of code zones 1.8 that may also each be individually encoded differently and multiple times along the periphery. At the end of the code region 1.5 that is at a spacing from the rounded shape 1.6 by which the key first enters the locking channel 2.8, at least one further zone, such as an end zone 1.9, is provided. This end zone 1.9 allows a decoding unit to detect whether the key is completely inserted. This can be achieved in that, in the event of only partial introduction, a symmetrical code is read which does not actually exist, since the decoding unit could read a code both during the introduction movement and also on withdrawal.

[0055] During opening or closing, the key 1.1 is introduced into the elongate locking channel 2.8. It has along its length and/or its periphery the code 3.3 for opening or closing the lock, which is encoded by making a quantum-physical change to the metal microstructure of the solid metal body. The key 1.1 is introduced into the locking channel 2.8 in any desired position, and once the code 3.3 of the key 1.1 has been correctly identified, turning the key 1.1 about its longitudinal axis brings about opening or closing of the lock.

[0056] It goes without saying that this description may be subject to the broadest possible variety of modifications, changes and adaptations which are within the range of equivalents to the attached claims.