Blue inorganic colourants/pigments and process for preparation thereof

Abstract

Nontoxic Near infra-red Reflecting (NIR) inorganic pigments, characteristically blue and well suited for the coloration of a wide variety of substrates, for example, plastics and concrete building roofing material, etc., comprise mixed metal silicate having the general formula: La.sub.xSr.sub.1-xCu.sub.1-yLi.sub.ySi.sub.4O.sub.10, where x is equal to 0 to 0.5 and y is equal to 0 to 0.5. These silicates with tetragonal crystal structure are prepared by calcination method in air atmosphere.

Claims

1. A blue inorganic pigment represented by the general formula La.sub.xSr.sub.1-xCu.sub.1-yLi.sub.ySi.sub.4O.sub.10 wherein x is equal to 0.1 to 0.5 and y is equal to 0.1 to 0.5, wherein the pigment comprises an average particle size of 2 to 6 micrometers, wherein said pigment is having reflectance at near infra-red wavelength.

2. The pigment as claimed in claim 1, wherein a representative pigment is represented by following chromaticity coordinates as per the CIE 1976 colour system: a. La.sub.0.1Sr.sub.0.9Cu.sub.0.9Li.sub.0.1Si.sub.4O.sub.10, L*=55.71, a*=5.74, b*=−47.82; b. La.sub.0.2Sr.sub.0.8Cu.sub.0.8Li.sub.0.2Si.sub.4O.sub.10, L*=50.62, a*=9.23, b*=−51.47; c. La.sub.0.3Sr.sub.0.8Cu.sub.0.7Li.sub.0.3Si.sub.4O.sub.10, L*=49.59, a*=10.41, b*=−51.74; d. La.sub.0.4Sr.sub.0.6Cu.sub.0.6Li.sub.0.4Si.sub.4O.sub.10, L*=52.99, a*=4.12, b*=−45.17; e. La.sub.0.9Sr.sub.0.5Cu.sub.0.5Li.sub.0.5Si.sub.4O.sub.10, L*=55.64, a*=1.53, b*=−39.47.

3. The pigments as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pigment is composed of mainly phase pure crystalline compounds.

4. The pigments as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pigment is useful as a colourant for substrate materials selected from the group consisting of cement slabs, concrete slabs, roofing materials, plastics, paints and other polymers.

5. The pigment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pigment exhibits near infra-red wavelength (NIR reflectance) in the range of 75 to 77% at 1100 nm wavelength which is higher in comparison with visible reflectance at visible wavelength in the range of 40 to 60% at 725 nm wavelength.

6. A process for preparing a blue inorganic pigment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises: mixing one part of stoichiometric mixture of lanthanum oxide and strontium carbonate in a stoichiometric ratio of x:1−x, one part of stoichiometric mixture of copper oxide and lithium carbonate in a stoichiometric ratio of 1−y:y and four parts of silicon dioxide together to obtain a solid mixture; and calcining the solid mixture at a temperature in the range of 950°-1000° C. in air atmosphere for a period ranging between 16 to 20 h to obtain the blue inorganic pigment.

7. A process for colouring a polymer substrate using the pigments as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process steps comprises: adding the pigment in the range of 5 to 10% by weight of the pigment to 90-95% of the polymer substrate dispersed in a cold curing liquid, sonicating for 10-15 min and drying at a temperature ranging between 28-35° C. followed by compressing the resultant paste uniaxially into desired shapes at a pressure ranging between 25 to 30 MPa.

8. A process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polymer substrate used is poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA).

9. A process for coating of a building roofing material selected from the group consisting of a cement slab and a concrete slab, wherein the process comprises: (i) coating the building roofing material with white pigment TiO.sub.2, possessing high NIR reflectance, (ii) preparing the complete dispersion of the pigment as claimed in claim 1 in acrylic-acralyn emulsion having pigment to binder ratio in the range of 1:1 by weight; (iii) coating the building roofing material of step (i) with the emulsion prepared in step (ii) and drying the coated building roofing material at a temperature ranging between 28-35° C. to obtain a coated building roofing material having a thickness of coating in the range of 150 to 180 micrometers, exhibiting reflectance 78% at 1100 nm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the XRD patterns of Sr.sub.1-xLa.sub.xCu.sub.1-yLi.sub.ySi.sub.4O.sub.10 (x=y and ranges from 0 to 0.2) pigments calcined 950° C./16 h.

(2) FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the XRD patterns of Sr.sub.1-xLa.sub.xCu.sub.1-yLi.sub.ySi.sub.4O.sub.10 (x=y and ranges from 0.3 to 0.5) pigments calcined 950° C./16 h.

(3) FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra of Sr.sub.1-xLa.sub.xCu.sub.1-yLi.sub.ySi.sub.4O.sub.10 x=y and ranges from 0 to 0.5) powder pigments.

(4) FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the NIR reflectance spectra of Sr.sub.1-xLa.sub.xCu.sub.1-yLi.sub.ySi.sub.4O.sub.10 (x=y and ranges from 0 to 0.5) pigment powders.

(5) FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the NIR reflectance spectrum of La.sub.0.3Sr.sub.0.7Cu.sub.0.7Li.sub.0.3Si.sub.4O.sub.10 blue pigment coated over a TiO.sub.2 base coat on a concrete cement slab.

(6) FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the thermogram of Sr.sub.0.7La.sub.0.3Cu.sub.0.7Li.sub.0.3Si.sub.4O.sub.10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(7) The present invention provides a novel class of inorganic pigments, in particular of blue colour which has higher near infra-red reflectance, containing non-toxic elements, thermally and chemically stable and which are well suited for colouration of many materials and substrates.

(8) This invention relates to a series of inorganic pigments based on phase-pure silicate that can be represented by the formula La.sub.xSr.sub.1-xCu.sub.1-yLi.sub.ySi.sub.4O.sub.10, where x ranges from 0 to 0.5 and y ranges from 0 to 0.5. The invention also covers coloured pigments, especially of blue colour, based on silicates of the above mentioned type prepared by calcination methods in air atmosphere. These colourants can be used to form coloured objects or coatings through their use in applications such as paints, plastics, ceramics, glasses and the like.

(9) In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, La.sub.xSr.sub.1-xCu.sub.1-yLi.sub.ySi.sub.4O.sub.10, where x ranges from 0 to 0.5 and y ranges from 0 to 0.5) pigments provide high near infra-red reflectance. Such high near infra-red reflectance may result in substantially less heat build up in coloured objects, especially for green house effect.

(10) The present invention discloses a process for the synthesis of mixed metal silicate with good chromatic property; especially blue component is twenty five units higher than the solid solutions of CaCuSi.sub.4O.sub.10, BaCuSi.sub.4O.sub.10 and SrCuSi.sub.4O.sub.10.

(11) The present invention discloses a process for the synthesis of mixed metal silicate with good chromatic property; especially blue component is thirteen units higher than the solid solutions of Ba.sub.0.5La.sub.0.5Na.sub.0.5Cu.sub.0.5Si.sub.4O.sub.10 and Ba.sub.0.5La.sub.0.5Na.sub.0.5Cu.sub.0.5Si.sub.2O.sub.6. Moreover, the current invention gives single crystalline phase.

(12) These and other aspects of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description.

(13) The blue coloured inorganic pigments having formula La.sub.xSr.sub.1-xCu.sub.1-yLi.sub.ySi.sub.4O.sub.10, (where x ranges from 0 to 0.5 and y ranges from 0 to 0.5) comprise of a tetragonal crystal structure. Inorganic pigments according to the invention are formed by mixing stoichiometric amounts of high purity La.sub.2O.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3, CuO, Li.sub.2CO.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2; ball milled and calcined at a temperature range 950-1000° C. for 16-20 h in air. The well ground calcined powders were used for the characterization of pigments.

(14) The phase purity of the synthesized powder pigments were examined by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) using Ni filtered CuKα1 radiation with a Philips X'pert Pro diffractometer. The particle size distribution of the pigment was investigated in water as a medium and calgon as the dispersing agent measured by the Laser Scattering Particle Size distribution Analyzer (CILAS 930 Liquid). Morphological analysis was performed by means of Scanning Electron Microscope with a JEOL JSM-5600LV SEM. The thermal stability of the colourant was checked in the temperature range of 50-1000° C. by SII Nanotechnology Inc., TG/DTA 6200 in nitrogen atmosphere.

(15) The diffuse reflectance of the powder was measured with UV-vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-3600 with an integrating sphere attachment) using barium sulphate as a reference. The colour coordinate values are measured on the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) scale, represented by L* a* b*. The values a* (the axis red-green) and b* (the axis yellow-blue) indicate the colour hue. The value L* represents the lightness or darkness of the colour as related to a neutral grey scale. The near-infra-red reflectance spectra of the powdered pigment samples were recorded with a UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-3600 with an integrating sphere attachment) using poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a reference. Optical measurements were carried out in the 700 to 2500 nm range.

(16) The thickness of the pigment coating on concrete cement slab was measured employing LEICA DMRX optical microscope.

(17) Following examples are given by way of illustrations and should not be construed so as to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

(18) This example illustrates the preparation of SrCuSi.sub.4O.sub.10.

(19) 1.48 g of strontium carbonate [SrCO.sub.3; M=147.63], 0.80 g of copper oxide [CuO; M=79.54], and 2.41 g of silicon dioxide [SiO.sub.2; M=60.14] were thoroughly mixed in the stoichiometric ratio in an agate mortar with a pestle. The mixture was calcined at 950° C. for 16 h in air atmosphere. The calcined mass was then grinded with mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size of the pigment.

(20) The blue-coloured powder obtained has the following characteristics:

(21) The XRD pattern can be indexed to tetragonal phase as depicted in FIG. 1.

(22) Particle size analysis of the pigment SrCuSi.sub.4O.sub.10, reveals a mean diameter=2.27 micrometers (size of 90% particles <4.17 micrometers, 50% particles <2.00 micrometers and 10% particles <0.79 micrometers).

(23) The diffuse reflectance of the powder was measured with UV-vis spectrophotometer and is shown in FIG. 3. The chromaticity coordinates, determined by the CIE-Lab 1976 colour scales are L*=71.15, a*=−5.70, b*=−23.86.

(24) The near-infra-red reflectance of the powder was measured with UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer and is depicted in FIG. 4. The NIR reflectance of the sample was found to be 53% at 1100 nm.

Example 2

(25) This example illustrates the preparation of La.sub.0.1Sr.sub.0.9Cu.sub.0.9Li.sub.0.1Si.sub.4O.sub.10.

(26) 0.16 g of lanthanum oxide [La.sub.2O.sub.3; M=325.81], 1.33 g of strontium carbonate [SrCO.sub.3; M=147.63], 0.72 g of copper oxide [CuO; M=79.54], 0.04 g of lithium carbonate [Li.sub.2CO.sub.3; M=73.89] and 2.41 g of silicon dioxide [SiO.sub.2; M=60.14] were thoroughly mixed in the stoichiometric ratio in an agate mortar with a pestle. The mixture was calcined at 950° C. for 16 h in air atmosphere. The calcined mass was then grinded with mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size of the pigment.

(27) The blue-coloured powder obtained has the following characteristics:

(28) The XRD pattern can be indexed to tetragonal phase as depicted in FIG. 1.

(29) Particle size analysis of the pigment La.sub.0.1Sr.sub.0.9Cu.sub.0.9Li.sub.0.1Si.sub.4O.sub.10, reveals a mean diameter=4.30 micrometers (size of 90% particles <8.76 micrometers, 50% particles <3.24 micrometers and 10% particles <0.97 micrometers).

(30) The optical reflectance of the powder was measured and is shown in FIG. 3. The chromaticity coordinates significantly improved in the presence of lanthanum as compared to SrCuSi.sub.4O.sub.10.

(31) The CIE-Lab 1976 colour scales are L*=55.71, a*=5.74, b*=−47.82.

(32) The near-infra-red reflectance of the powder was measured and is shown in FIG. 4. The NIR reflectance of the sample was found to be 75% at 1100 nm.

Example 3

(33) This example illustrates the preparation of La.sub.0.2Sr.sub.0.8Cu.sub.0.8Li.sub.0.2Si.sub.4O.sub.10.

(34) 0.33 g of lanthanum oxide [La.sub.2O.sub.3; M=325.81], 1.18 g of strontium carbonate [SrCO.sub.3; M=147.63], 0.64 g of copper oxide [CuO; M=79.54], 0.07 g of lithium carbonate [Li.sub.2CO.sub.3; M=73.89] and 2.41 g silicon dioxide [SiO.sub.2; M=60.14] were thoroughly mixed in the stoichiometric ratio in an agate mortar with a pestle. The mixture was calcined at 950° C. for 16 h in air atmosphere. The calcined mass was then grinded with mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size of the pigment.

(35) The blue-coloured powder obtained has the following characteristics:

(36) The XRD pattern can be indexed to Tetragonal phase as depicted in FIG. 1.

(37) Particle size analysis of the pigment La.sub.0.2Sr.sub.0.8Cu.sub.0.8Li.sub.0.2Si.sub.4O.sub.10, reveals a mean diameter=3.57 micrometers (size of 90% particles <7.63 micrometers, 50% particles <2.74 micrometers and 10% particles <0.43 micrometers).

(38) The optical reflectance of the powder in the region 380-700 was measured and is shown in FIG. 3. The chromaticity coordinates, determined by the CIE-Lab 1976 colour scales are L*=50.62, a*=9.23, b*=−51.47.

(39) The near-infra-red reflectance of the powder was measured with UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer and the results are displayed in FIG. 4. The NIR reflectance of the sample was found to be 76% at 1100 nm.

Example 4

(40) This example illustrates the preparation of La.sub.0.3Sr.sub.0.7Cu.sub.0.7Li.sub.0.3Si.sub.4O.sub.10.

(41) 0.49 g of lanthanum oxide [La.sub.2O.sub.3; M=325.81], 1.03 g of strontium carbonate [SrCO.sub.3; M=147.63], 0.56 g of copper oxide [CuO; M=79.54], 0.11 g of lithium carbonate [Li.sub.2CO.sub.3; M=73.89] and 2.41 g silicon dioxide [SiO.sub.2; M=60.14] were thoroughly mixed in the stoichiometric ratio in an agate mortar with a pestle. The mixture was calcined at 950° C. for 16 h in air atmosphere. The calcined mass was then grinded with mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size of the pigment.

(42) The blue-coloured powder obtained has the following characteristics:

(43) The XRD pattern can be indexed to Tetragonal phase as depicted in FIG. 2.

(44) Particle size analysis of the pigment La.sub.0.3Sr.sub.0.7Cu.sub.0.7Li.sub.0.3Si.sub.4O.sub.10, reveals a mean diameter=4.12 micrometers (size of 90% particles <7.92 micrometers, 50% particles <3.59 micrometers and 10% particles <1.02 micrometers).

(45) The diffuse reflectance of the powder in the region 380-700 nm was measured and is shown in FIG. 3. The remarkably high chromaticity coordinates are observed as compared to SrCuSi.sub.4O.sub.10. The CIE 1976 colour coordinates are L*=49.59, a*=10.41, b*=−51.74.

(46) The near-infra-red reflectance of the powder was measured is shown in FIG. 4. The NIR reflectance of the sample was found to be 77% at 1100 nm.

(47) Thermo-gravimetric analysis of the typical pigment La.sub.0.3Sr.sub.0.7Cu.sub.0.7Li.sub.0.3Si.sub.4O.sub.10 was carried out in the range 50-1000° C. and the results are displayed in FIG. 6. It is clear from the thermogram that the pigment is thermally stable up to 1000° C.

(48) The typical pigment La.sub.0.3Sr.sub.0.7Cu.sub.0.7Li.sub.0.3Si.sub.4O.sub.10 was tested for its acid and alkali resistance. A pre-weighed amount of the pigment was treated with 10% HCl/H.sub.2SO.sub.4/HNO.sub.3 and NaOH, and soaked for half an hour with constant stirring using a magnetic stirrer. The pigment powder was then filtered, washed with water, dried and weighed. Negligible weight loss was noticed for all the acids and alkali tested. The colour coordinates of the resultant tested samples were measured and compared with the untreated samples. The colour coordinate values after acid and alkali resistance tests were found to be (L*=49.63, a*=10.41, b*=−51.78, L*=49.63, a*=10.43, b*=−51.57 for NaOH and HCl, respectively) same as that of pigment powder sample. Thus the designed blue pigments are found to be chemically and thermally stable.

Example 5

(49) This example illustrates the preparation of La.sub.0.4Sr.sub.0.6Cu.sub.0.6Li.sub.0.4Si.sub.4O.sub.10.

(50) 0.65 g of lanthanum oxide [La.sub.2O.sub.3; M=325.81], 0.88 g of strontium carbonate [SrCO.sub.3; M=147.63], 0.48 g of copper oxide [CuO; M=79.54], 0.15 g of lithium carbonate [Li.sub.2CO.sub.3; M=73.89] and 2.41 g silicon dioxide [SiO.sub.2; M=60.14] were thoroughly mixed in the stoichiometric ratio in an agate mortar with a pestle. The mixture was calcined at 950° C. for 16 h in air atmosphere. The calcined mass was then grinded with mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size of the pigment.

(51) The blue-coloured powder obtained has the following characteristics:

(52) The XRD pattern can be indexed to Tetragonal phase as depicted in FIG. 2.

(53) Particle size analysis of the pigment La.sub.0.4Sr.sub.0.6Cu.sub.0.6Li.sub.0.4Si.sub.4O.sub.10, reveals a mean diameter=4.86 micrometers (size of 90% particles <8.85 micrometers, 50% particles <4.66 micrometers and 10% particles <1.23 micrometers).

(54) The optical reflectance of the powder was measured and is shown in FIG. 3. The chromaticity coordinates, determined by the CIE-Lab 1976 colour scales are L*=52.99, a*=4.12, b*=−45.17.

(55) The near-infra-red reflectance of the powder was measured and is shown in FIG. 4. The NIR reflectance of the sample was found to be 75% at 1100 nm.

Example 6

(56) This example illustrates the preparation of La.sub.0.5Sr.sub.0.5Cu.sub.0.5Li.sub.0.5Si.sub.4O.sub.10.

(57) 0.81 g of lanthanum oxide [La.sub.2O.sub.3; M=325.81], 0.74 g of strontium carbonate [SrCO.sub.3; M=147.63], 0.40 g of copper oxide [CuO; M=79.54], 0.18 g of lithium carbonate [Li.sub.2CO.sub.3; M=73.89] and 2.41 g silicon dioxide [SiO.sub.2; M=60.14] were thoroughly mixed in the stoichiometric ratio in an agate mortar with a pestle. The mixture was calcined at 950° C. for 16 hrs in air atmosphere. The calcined mass was then grinded with mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size of the pigment.

(58) The blue-coloured powder obtained has the following characteristics:

(59) The XRD pattern can be indexed to tetragonal phase as depicted in FIG. 2.

(60) Particle size analysis of the pigment La.sub.0.5Sr.sub.0.5Cu.sub.0.5Li.sub.0.5Si.sub.4O.sub.10, reveals a mean diameter=5.42 micrometers (size of 90% particles <9.92 micrometers, 50% particles <5.14 micrometers and 10% particles <1.32 micrometers).

(61) The optical reflectance of the powder in the visible region was measured and is shown in FIG. 3. The chromaticity coordinates, determined by the CIE-Lab 1976 colour scales are L*=55.64, a*=1.53, b*=−39.47.

(62) The near-infra-red reflectance of the powder was measured and is shown in FIG. 4. The NIR reflectance of the sample was found to be 73% at 1100 nm.

Example 7

(63) This example is intended to illustrate the suitability of the pigments according to the invention for colouring of plastics by using a polymer substrate like poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA; Sigma Aldrich). 5 weight % of the typical pigment sample, La.sub.0.3Sr.sub.0.7Cu.sub.0.7Li.sub.0.3Si.sub.4O.sub.10 (as illustrated in example 4), and 95 weight % of poly methyl methacrylate, (PMMA) (supplied by Sigma Aldrich) was dispersed in a Cold Curing Liquid (Acralyn ‘R’, supplied by M/s Asian Acrylates, Mumbai) and the resultant mixture was ultrasonicated (Vibronics, 250V, India) for 10 min to ensure complete dispersion of the pigment particles. Then the pigment dispersion was slowly evaporated at 30° C. and converted in to a thick paste. The paste after 2 h of curing was compressed uniaxially into cylindrical discs using Hydraulic press (Lawrence and Maya, India) at a pressure of 25 MPa. Both sides of the pigmented polymer were lapped using a fine grade emery sheet for obtaining a polished surface. Optical reflectance of the prepared pigmented surface was measured using barium sulphate as reference. The obtained substrate material had a blue hue and has the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinates: L*=28.43, a*=14.92, b*=−48.57.

(64) Thermogravimetric analysis of the typical coloured material was carried out in the temperature range of 50-500° C. It is clear from the thermogravimetric analysis that the coloured substrate material is found to be thermally stable up to 225° C.

Example 8

(65) This example illustrates preparation of blue coloured NIR reflecting coatings on a building material like concrete cement slab. The coating was done in a two-step process. In the first step, the concrete cement surface was coated with an inexpensive white pigment TiO.sub.2, possessing high NIR reflectance. In the second step the designed typical pigment is applied to the pre-coated concrete material. The pigment samples were ground and sieved under 35 micrometers mesh size and was ultrasonicated (Vibronics, 250 W, India) for 10 min to ensure the complete dispersion of the pigment particles in an acrylic-acralyn emulsion. The pigment to binder ratio was maintained as 1:1 by weight. DPI-RR Cold Cure Polymer Resin powder (supplied by M/s Dental Products of India, Mumbai, India) was employed as a binder. Cold Curing Liquid (Acralyn ‘R’, supplied by M/s Asian Acrylates, Mumbai) was used as a dispersing medium. The resultant viscous solution was coated on the concrete cement slab surface and was allowed to dry in air. The thickness of the pigment coating on concrete cement slab was measured using LEICA DMRX optical microscope. The thickness of the coating is found to be 170 micrometers.

(66) The near infra-red reflectance of the concrete slab was measured with UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer and is shown in FIG. 5. The NIR reflectance of the sample was found to be 78% at 1100 nm.

(67) The chromaticity coordinates, of the test piece was measured at different locations and an average value was found to be L*=51.38, a*=4.83, b*=−44.53. The light resistance of the coated concrete surface was tested by exposing it to sunlight at various time intervals and measured the colour coordinates. The L*, a* and b* values (L*=51.51, a*=4.67, b*=−44.39, after 12 h; L*=51.74, a*=4.25, b*=−44.19, after 48 h; L*=51.91, a*=3.88, b*=−44.07, after 60 h) were same as that of the unexposed sample.

Advantages of the Invention

(68) 1. The pigments are toxic metal free.

(69) 2. The pigments are prepared by simple calcination route in air atmosphere.

(70) 3. The pigments possess richness of the blue colour as compared to the existing blue pigments.

(71) 4. Multifunctional pigment: Visibly it displays strong blue colour and high NIR reflectance, which may be useful in reducing the inside building temperature after coating onto building roofing and thus energy saving materials.