COMPOSITIONS USEFUL FOR THE PREVENTION AND/OR TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS AND INFLAMMATIONS

Abstract

Disclosed are compositions containing a lactoferrin hydrolysate, glycerophosphorylinositol or salts thereof and/or verbascoside which are useful for the prevention and/or treatment of dermatological, otological and stomatological inflammations and infections, in particular in the veterinary sphere.

Claims

1. Compositions comprising lactoferrin hydrolysate, glycerophosphoinositol or salts thereof and/or verbascoside or extracts containing it.

2. Compositions according to claim 1 comprising lactoferrin hydrolysate and glycerophosphoinositol or salts thereof.

3. Compositions according to claim 1 comprising lactoferrin hydrolysate and verbasco side or extracts containing it.

4. Compositions according to claim 1 comprising lactoferrin hydrolysate, glycerophosphoinositol or salts thereof and verbascoside or extracts containing it.

5. Compositions according to claim 1 wherein the extract containing verbascoside is an extract of Olea europaea, Syringa vulgaris or other genera, species and varieties or cultivars containing it.

6. Compositions according to claim 1 for topical administration.

7. Compositions according to claim 6 in the form of oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, gel, spray, shampoo, solution, lotion, foam or mousse.

8. Compositions according to claim 6 comprising lactoferrin hydrolysate in concentrations ranging from 0.0005% to 15% by weight, glycerophosphoinositol or salts thereof, as a solution containing at least 4% L-α-glycero-phospho-D-myo-inositol choline, in concentrations ranging from 0.0020% to 10% by weight, and verbascoside or an extract containing it in concentrations ranging from 0.0020% to 15% by weight.

9. Compositions according to claim 1 for oral or parenteral administration.

10. Compositions according to claim 9 suitable for daily administration of the following doses, per 10 Kg of body weight: lactoferrin hydrolysate: 0.005 mg to 5 grams; glycerophosphoinositol (as a solution containing at least 4% L-α-glycero-phospho-D-myo-inositol choline): 0.005 mg to 5 grams; verbascoside: 0.005 mg to 5 grams.

11. Compositions according to claim 9 in the form of lozenges, tablets, powders or granulates.

12. Compositions according to claim 1 for use in the veterinary, cosmetic and nutraceutical fields and in medical devices.

13. Method of treating erythematous and ceruminous otitis externa, skin infections of microbial origin, and inflammations of the oral cavity said method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount the compositions of claim 1.

14. The method of claim 14, wherein said inflammations of the oral cavity are gingivitis or perioditis of cats and dogs

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] It has now been found that the combination of lactoferrin hydrolysates with glycerophosphoinositol and/or verbascoside or extracts containing it presents synergic effects which can be conveniently exploited to treat various types of infection in the veterinary field, especially in the treatment of ear, skin and stomatological disorders.

[0027] The subject of the invention is therefore compositions containing a lactoferrin hydrolysate, glycerophosphorylinositol or salts thereof, and/or verbascoside or extracts containing it.

[0028] The invention also relates to said compositions for use in the treatment of erythematous and ceruminous otitis externa in dogs and cats, dermatological treatment of skin infections of microbial origin in dogs and cats, and stomatological treatment of inflammations of the oral cavity, especially those affecting the gums (gingivitis and periodontitis), in dogs and cats.

[0029] The compositions according to the invention may contain a lactoferrin hydrolysate and glycerophosphorylinositol or salts thereof, or a lactoferrin hydrolysate and verbascoside or extracts containing it, or a lactoferrin hydrolysate, glycerophosphorylinositol or salts thereof, and verbascoside or extracts containing it.

[0030] Compositions containing all three active ingredients (lactoferrin hydrolysate, glycerophosphoinositol and salts thereof and verbascoside) are preferred. Compositions only containing verbascoside and lactoferrin hydrolysate are equally preferred.

[0031] The compositions according to the invention will be formulated with suitable excipients in forms suitable for topical or oral administration.

[0032] Examples of suitable forms include solid forms (such as tablets, pills, rigid and soft capsules, powders, granulates and pastes for oral use), semisolid forms (such as creams, ointments, gels, fatty ointments, lubricants, pastes, emulsions and microemulsions and pastes for topical use), and liquid forms (such as syrups, shampoos, lotions, ampoules and drops).

[0033] In the topical formulations, the concentration by weight of the individual active ingredients falls within the following intervals: [0034] Lactoferrin hydrolysate: 0.0005-15%; [0035] Glycerophosphoinositol or salts thereof (solution containing at least 4% L-α-glycero-phospho-D-myo-inositol choline): 0.0020%-10%; [0036] Verbascoside: 0.0020%-15%.

[0037] The oral formulations will be suitable for daily administration of the active ingredients at doses falling within the following intervals per approximately ten kg of weight of the animal treated: [0038] Lactoferrin hydrolysate: 0.005 mg to 5 grams; [0039] Glycerophosphoinositol: 0.005 mg to 5 grams; [0040] Verbascoside: 0.005 mg to 5 grams.

[0041] Lactoferrin hydrolysate is known and available on the market or can be prepared by known methods, for example by treating lactoferrin with proteolytic enzymes. An example of lactoferrin hydrolysate which is well known, has been thoroughly studied and is available on the market is lactoferricin (Wakabayashi H, Takase M, Tomita M. Curr Pharm Des. 2003; 9(16):1277-87; Dairy Science & Technology 94: 181-193. 2013; Eliassen L T, et al., Anticancer Res. 2002 September-October; 22(5):2703-10.

[0042] Verbascoside can be present as such or in the form of an extract of Olea europaea, Syringa vulgaris or other genera, species and varieties or cultivars containing them. Said ingredients are also available on the market.

[0043] Glycerophosphoinositol or the salts thereof are known and available on the market. The lysine salt is preferred.

[0044] The topical formulations according to the invention will be administered two or three times a day, in quantities ranging from 0.5 to 10-20 ml or more, depending on the surface area to be treated.

[0045] In the case of oral administration, the dose will depend on a number of factors such as the animal's weight and the type and severity of the disorder, and will be determined by the veterinary surgeon case by case. Approximately, however, the doses administered will be 0.5 mg/kg/day to 400 mg/kg/day of lactoferrin hydrolysate, 1 mg/kg/day to 400 mg/kg/day of verbascoside or the equivalent of an extract thereof, and 1 mg/kg/day to 400 mg/kg/day of glycerophosphoinositol or the equivalent of a salt thereof.

[0046] The antimicrobial activity of the active ingredients of the composition according to the invention has been evaluated on Malassezia pachydermatis DSM 6172, Staphylococcus intermedius ATCC 29663, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Malassezia furfur DSM 6170 using in vitro susceptibility tests with the antimicrobial dilution method (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute—CLSI—protocols), with which it was possible to determine the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) for each compound.

[0047] For all the tests performed, there was a positive control of antifungal activity using fluconazole (for Malassezia) and ceftriaxone (for the bacterial strains) and a negative control (absence of the compounds) wherein correct microbial growth was evaluated.

[0048] The antimicrobial activity of the combinations of the various compounds towards the micro-organisms against which the individual compounds had proved active was also evaluated.

[0049] The results demonstrated the synergy of the ingredients of the composition according to the invention.

[0050] The antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin (Lf), lactoferrin hydrolysate (Lf hydro), extract of Olea europaea and derivatives thereof (verbascoside) was evaluated on S. aureus ATCC 29213.

TABLE-US-00001 Lf hydro Verbascoside Lf (g/L) (g/L) (g/L) S. aureus 20.00 2.00 3.0

[0051] The antimicrobial activity of the various combinations of compounds was also determined:

TABLE-US-00002 LF + LF hydro + verbascoside verbascoside S. aureus SYN.sup.1 SYN.sup.2 Key: SYN = synergy; the type of interaction was established by calculating FIC.sub.index (MIC.sub.A in combination/MIC.sub.A + MIC.sub.B in combination/MIC.sub.B): .sup.1-> FIC.sub.index = 0.3; .sup.2-> FIC.sub.index = 0.5

[0052] The experimental data obtained demonstrate the synergic action of the compounds when combined with one another.

[0053] Examples of formulations according to the invention, and the results of an in vivo trial, are set out below. Glycerophosphoinositol is present in the formulations as a 4% aqueous solution. The Syringa vulgaris extract has a verbascoside content of 10% by weight.

Example 1: Ear Gel

[0054]

TABLE-US-00003 Glycerin 11.49 g Dipropylene glycol 70.5 g Propylene glycol 10.3334 g 20% chlorhexidine digluconate 0.25 g Glycolic extract of propolis 0.5 g Lavender essence 0.5 g Butyl hydroxytoluene 0.01 g Pharmaceutical lactic acid 2.6666 g Glycolic extract of aloe 0.5 g Salicylic acid 0.25 g Technical oleic acid 3 g Lactoferrin hydrolysate 2.4 g Syringa vulgaris extract 2.2 g Glycerophosphoinositol lysine salt 1.6 g

Example 2: Foam for External Use

[0055]

TABLE-US-00004 18b-glycyrrhetic acid 0.4 g Purified water 62.56 g Cocoyl diethanolamide 2 g Dipropylene glycol 20 g Polysorbate 20 3 g Hydrogenated castor oil (40)OE 5 g Melaleuca essence 3 g Disodium EDTA 0.02 g 20% chlorhexidine digluconate 2.5 g Vitamin F ethyl ester 1 g Butyl hydroxytoluene 0.02 g Glycolic extract of aloe 0.5 g Lactoferrin hydrolysate 1.8 g Syringa vulgaris extract 2.6 g Glycerophosphoinositol lysine salt 2 g

Example 3: Shampoo for External Use

[0056]

TABLE-US-00005 Purified water 43.69 g Cocoyl diethanolamide 3 g Cocamidopropyl betaine 5 g Propylene glycol 5 g Imidazolidinyl urea 0.2 g Lauryl ether sodium sulphate (Texapon NSO UP) 30 g Methyl + methylchloro-isothiazolinone 0.1 g PEG-7-Glyceryl Cocoate 4 g Undecylenic polyglycol 2 g Polysorbate 20 2 g Tricosolfan 4 g Lavender essence 0.5 g Butyl hydroxytoluene 0.01 g Salicylic acid 0.5 g Lactoferrin hydrolysate 1.6 g Syringa vulgaris extract 2.9 g Glycerophosphoinositol lysine salt 2.3 g

Example 4: Mousse for External Use

[0057]

TABLE-US-00006 Citric acid monohydrate 0.37 g Purified water 86.94 g Cocamidopropyl betaine 3 g Dipropylene glycol 0.5 g Imidazolidinyl urea 0.2 g Methyl + methylchloro-isothiazolinone 0.1 g Undecylenic polyglycol 1 g Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate 5.89 g Vitamin E acetate 0.1 g Hydrogenated castor oil (40)OE 1 g Vitamin F ethyl ester 0.1 g Lavender essence 0.3 g Salicylic acid 0.5 g Lactoferrin hydrolysate 0.8 g Syringa vulgaris extract 3.1 g Glycerophosphoinositol lysine salt 2.5 g

Example 5: Cream for External Use

[0058]

TABLE-US-00007 Glycerin 2 g Cetyl stearyl alcohol 3.6 g Cetyl stearyl alcohol (12) OE 2 g Sodium cetyl stearyl sulphate 0.4 g Isopropyl myristate 3 g Sodium polyacrylate 0.2 g Lactic acid 0.1 g BHT 0.02 g Methyl-methylchloro-isothiazolinone 0.1 g Imidazolidinyl urea 0.3 g Lavender essence 0.1 g Purified water 88.18 g Lactoferrin hydrolysate 0.5 g Syringa vulgaris extract 3.1 g Glycerophosphoinositol lysine salt 1.7 g

Example 6: Stomatological Gel

[0059]

TABLE-US-00008 Octanol 10 g Purified water 26.78 g Butyl hydroxytoluene 0.02 g Dipropylene glycol 60 g Hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel MF) 2 g Imidazolidinyl urea 0.2 g Perfume: Victory 6B/650 1 g Lactoferrin hydrolysate 2.4 g Syringa vulgaris extract 0.9 g Glycerophosphoinositol lysine salt 1.5 g

Example 7: Clinical Trial on 10 Dogs Suffering from Ceruminous Otitis Externa

[0060] 4 to 8 drops per ear of the formulation described in example 1 were administered twice a day to the animals studied (one drop being equivalent to about 0.05 ml).

[0061] The animals were selected according to good clinical practice (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/10/WC500004343.pdf) and only included in the study when the owner's informed consent had been obtained. 10 dogs suffering from recurrent erythematous and ceruminous otitis were selected.

[0062] Dogs of different breeds and genders, aged between 2 and 10 years, with the following characteristics, were included in the study: [0063] 1. More than three episodes of otitis in the last 18 months; [0064] 2. Otoscopic examination compatible with erythematous and ceruminous otitis; [0065] 3. Cytological examination compatible with overgrowth of bacteria (number of bacteria>10 to 40/HPF) and/or Malassezia (number of yeasts>10 to 40/HPF), presence of keratinocytes and absence of neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages; [0066] 4. In the event of severe pain and handling difficulty, the dog was given 1 mg/kg of oral prednisolone once a day for three days, and its inclusion in the study was reconsidered after an examination 48 hours after discontinuance of the treatment; [0067] 5. The owner's agreement to take the animal for check-ups on the established dates.

[0068] Dogs that had received systemic or topical antibiotic or antifungal ear treatments with ear cleansers in the last 7 days were excluded from the trial. Dogs suffering from otitis caused by parasites (otodectic mange, demodectic mange), foreign bodies, tumours (e.g. polyps blocking the meatus), chronic purulent idiopathic hyperplastic polypoid otitis, and/or otitis media, were also excluded.

[0069] At the time of selection (VS) the dogs presented mono- or bilateral otitis and met the inclusion criteria. An otoscopic and cytological examination of the cerumen was conducted. If the otoscopic examination and cytological results were compatible with bacterial overgrowth and/or Malassezia, a bacteriological test was conducted, and the selected animal was included in the study (inclusion visit VI):

[0070] The following tests were conducted at the inclusion visit (VI):

[0071] Evaluation of the condition of the auricle and the external auditory meatus;

[0072] Cytological test of cerumen;

[0073] Sampling of cerumen for bacteriological culture test;

[0074] Completion of modified CADESI form and VAS.

[0075] The examinations were repeated with the same data collection pattern every week for three weeks (V7, V15, V21). Samples for the bacteriological culture test were only taken at VI and VF.

[0076] Cerumen samples were taken from the external auditory meatus with a cotton bud. The samples collected were immediately seeded on plates of Columbia Agar Base (with the addition of 5% sheep blood) and incubated at +37° C. for 24-48 h. The colonies which, due to their morphology, Gram and catalase, appeared to belong to the genus Staphylococcus spp., were then seeded on Mannitol Salt Agar (Oxoid®) for selective growth of staphylococci, and on a chromogenic medium specific for methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA®, bioMérieux, France). All the other isolates were subjected to Gram staining and subsequent preliminary identification tests (catalase, oxidase and motility) and then, depending on the first indications obtained, seeded in further culture media: MacConkey; Columbia CNA, Pseudomonas Agar Base, Sabouraud and chromogenic media selective for the KES group (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia). After isolation in purity, the strains were identified with the use of biochemical/enzyme galleries (API®—bioMérieux, France). To evaluate antibiotic resistance, the bacterium was subjected to the agar diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer method) using Muller Hinton agar (Oxoid®) according to the CLSI indications and classified, depending on the measurement of the inhibition halo diameter, as sensitive, resistant or intermediate according to the protocol of the National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards, on the basis of the manufacturer's instructions (Oxoid®, Ati, BD). Nine of the antibiotics most frequently used to treat otitis in veterinary medicine were tested simultaneously.

[0077] SPSS software (version 19; SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) was used for the statistical analysis.

[0078] Summary of Results Obtained in 7 Cases

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 1 Animal data and clinical diagnosis Case Breed Gender Age Clinical diagnosis 1 French F 8a Recurrent monolateral bulldog ceruminous otitis with stenosis 2 Mongrel F 4a Recurrent bilateral ceruminous otitis 3 Cocker F 5a Recurrent monolateral spaniel erythematous otitis 4 Mongrel F 5a Recurrent monolateral erythematous otitis 5 Mongrel F 13a  Recurrent bilateral erythematous ceruminous otitis with stenosis 6 Fox terrier M 7a Recurrent bilateral erythematous ceruminous otitis 7 German M 5a Recurrent monolateral shepherd erythematous ceruminous otitis

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 2 Variation in CADESI scores Case T0 T7 T14 T21 1 4 3 2 2 (without treatment) 2 0 0 0 0 3 11 3 4 3 4 10 2 2 2 5 42 24 21 21 6 10 6 6 N/R 7 17 6 6 N/R

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 3 Variation in EAM grading Case T0 T7 T14 T21 1 2 3 2 1 2 4 0 0 0 3 4 7 4 0 4 12 6 4 4 5 28 16 16 16 6 16 2 2 N/R 7 10 10 8 N/R

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 4 Variation in cytological examination of material taken from EAM Case T0 T7 T14 T21 1 Corneocytes >20 HPF <5 HPF 5-10 HPF 10-20 HPF Cocci/rods, 20-30 HPF 10-20 HPF 10-20 HPF 20-30 HPF (Proteus vulgaris (Proteus (S. interm) present) absent) 2 Corneocytes 10-20 HPF <5 HPF <5 HPF <5 HPF Cocci/rods 20-30 HPF None None None Malassezia 10-20 HPF None None None 3 Corneocytes 5-10 HPF <5 HPF None <5 HPF Cocci and Malassezia 10-20 HPF None None 10-20 HPF 4 Corneocytes 10-20 HPF <5 HPF <5 HPF <5 HPF Cocci and Malassezia Cocci None None 20-30 HPF 10-20 HPF 5 Corneocytes 10-20 HPF 10-20 HPF <5 HPF <5 HPF Cocci 20-30 HPF 10-20 HPF 10-20 HPF Cocci Rods 10-20 HPF 10-20 HPF 6 Corneocytes 10-20 HPF 5-10 HPF 5-10 HPF N/R Cocci/rods 20-30 HPF Cocci Cocci N/R 10-20 HPF 10-20 HPF 7 Corneocytes 10-20 HPF 5-10 HPF 5-10 HPF N/R Cocci 30-40 HPF 20-30 HPF 20-30 HPF N/R Rods 10-20 HPF 10-20 HPF None Malassezia 10-20 HPF 10-20 HPF None

[0079] The clinical trial confirmed the efficacy of the composition in the treatment of disorders caused by the micro-organisms investigated, including particularly resistant pathogens such as Proteus (case 1).