CARD SOCKET FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICE

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a card socket for an electronic device and, more particularly, to a card socket for an electronic device having an improved card insertion confirmation structure, wherein the structure of a card insertion confirmation terminal, which senses full insertion of a card or a tray into a card socket, is changed so as to improve stability of insertion of the card or the tray.

Claims

1. A card socket for use in an electronic device, the card socket comprising: a fixing part that comprises a detect terminal furnished in the insertion space of the housing that is pushed downward by a card/tray when the card/tray is inserted and a switch terminal that is furnished below the detect terminal in the housing so that it contacts the detect terminal, wherein the detect terminal is fixed to the housing; and a pushing portion that is connected to the fixing part and located within the insertion space of the housing and contacts the card/tray so as to be pushed downward while contacting the switch terminal, wherein either the part of the pushing portion that contacts the card/tray is connected to the fixing part and is located below the part that moves in a cantilever fashion, or the height of the part that contacts the card/tray is equal to or less than the thickness of the floor of the housing.

2. The card socket according to claim 1, wherein said detect terminal comprises: a 1st housing fixation part that is the portion of the detect terminal that is fixed to the rear end of said housing; a 1st contact part that has internal elasticity and is installed extending to either side in the rear part of the insertion space of said housing, having a first end connected to the 1st housing fixation part and a second end that contacts the switch terminal, so as to make up said pushing portion; and a push guide part that is formed sloping downward at the front, at a location spaced apart from the second end of said 1st contact part, so that the inserted card/tray slides along the sloped surface and is guided to as to push the 1st contact part, making up said pushing portion.

3. The card socket according to claim 2, wherein when said card/tray pushes on said 1st contact part while sliding along said push guide part, the 1st contact part is pushed downward in an oblique direction as it approaches the second end.

4. The card socket according to claim 3, wherein said 1st contact part comprises: a connecting surface that is connected to said 1st housing fixation part; a downward-sloping surface that is bent sloping downward from said connecting surface; and an upward-sloping surface bent upward from said downward-sloping surface.

5. The card socket according to claim 2, wherein said switch terminal comprises: a 2nd housing fixation part that is fixed to the housing; and a 2nd contact part that is bent upward from said 2nd housing fixation part.

6. The card socket according to claim 5, wherein on the rear surface of the insertion space of said housing, a catch lip is formed that will prevent the top of the second end of said 1st contact part from slipping when the card/tray is mis-inserted, so that a fixed interval is maintained between the 1st contact part and 2nd contact part.

7. The card socket according to claim 2, wherein because if the end of said push guide part is pushed to a position below the bottom surface of the housing, there is a risk of contacting the PCB so that the PCB is damaged, in order to prevent this, the position of the push guide part that is contacted to the card/tray is below the fixing point, i.e. the part of said 1st contact part that is connected to the 1st housing fixation part, which moves in a cantilever fashion; or alternatively, the push guide part is formed so as to have a height that is less than the thickness of the base surface of the housing.

8. A card socket for use in an electronic device, the card socket comprising: a detect terminal that is installed inside the insertion space of the housing and is pushed downward by the card/tray when said card/tray is inserted into the insertion space; and a switch terminal that is installed on the top of said detect terminal the insertion space of said housing, so that contact with said detect terminal is released as said detect terminal is pushed downward.

9. The card socket according to claim 8, wherein on said detect terminal, at the end of the pushing portion that is pushed by said card/tray, a 1st contact part is formed sloping upward toward the rear, and on said switch terminal, a 2nd contact part is formed that is formed sloping downward toward the front and is contacted to said 1st contact part; and wherein a friction zone is formed between said 1st contact part and said 2nd contact part when said detect terminal is pushed downward, so as to remove impurities or oxide films formed on said 1st contact part and said 2nd contact part.

10. The card socket according to claim 9, wherein when said detect terminal is pushed downward, the friction potential with said switch terminal, caused by the slope zone movement between said 1st contact part and said 2nd contact part, is greater than the pushing potential of said detect terminal, due to the movement of said 1st contact part along the sloped surface of said 2nd contact part.

11. The card socket according to claim 9, wherein the upward slope angle of said 1st contact part is formed greater than the downward slope angle of said 2nd contact part, so that the corner of said 1st contact part rubs against the sloped surface of said 2nd contact part.

12. The card socket according to claim 9, wherein the upward slope angle of said 1st contact part is formed smaller than the downward slope angle of said 2nd contact part, so that the corner of said 2nd contact part frictionally contacts the sloped surface of said 1st contact part.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the card socket for use in electronic devices according to Preferred Embodiment 1 of this disclosure, when a card/tray has been inserted therein.

[0033] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the detect terminal and switch terminal furnished on the housing.

[0034] FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the gap between the detect terminal and switch terminal being held constant.

[0035] FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the detect terminal.

[0036] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the switch terminal.

[0037] FIG. 6 shows a view in which, prior to card/tray insertion, the gap between the 1st contact part of the detect terminal and the 2nd contact part of the switch terminal is held constant.

[0038] FIG. 7 shows a view in which, during card/tray insertion, the 1st contact part and the 2nd contact part are brought into contact.

[0039] FIG. 8 is a cross-section showing the proportion between the housing and the detect terminal.

[0040] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a different implementation of the detect terminal.

[0041] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the card socket for use in electronic devices according to Preferred Embodiment 2 of this disclosure, having a detect terminal and a switch terminal furnished on the housing.

[0042] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the detect terminal.

[0043] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the switch terminal.

[0044] FIGS. 13A and 13B are cross-sections of the state in which contact has been broken between the detect terminal and the switch terminal, due to card/tray insertion.

[0045] FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of a different implementation of the detect terminal.

[0046] FIG. 15 is a cross-section showing the assembled state of the detect terminal for forming a friction zone on the contact parts of the detect terminal and switch terminal.

[0047] FIGS. 16A and 16B are cross-sections showing the rubbing of the edge of the detect terminal against the sloped surface of the switch terminal when the detect terminal is pushed downward.

[0048] FIGS. 17A and 17B are cross-sections showing the zone of frictional contact between the detect terminal and switch terminal depending on the slope angle of the contact parts of the detect terminal and switch terminal.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0049] Hereinbelow, a preferred embodiment of the card socket for electronic device use will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0050] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the card socket for use in electronic devices according to Preferred Embodiment 1 of this disclosure, when a card/tray has been inserted therein. Note that FIG. 1 is a top view omitting the metal shell that covers the housing.

[0051] The housing 100 that makes up the card socket has front end into which a card/tray 1 is inserted and an insertion space 110 that is opened toward the top and covered by a metal shell. On the basal surface of the insertion space 110, a contact terminal 200 is furnished that contacts the card, and at the back part of the insertion space 110, a detect terminal 300 and switch terminal 400 are furnished as a card insertion confirmation terminal that detects when a card/tray 1 has been inserted into the rear part of the insertion space 110.

[0052] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the detect terminal and switch terminal furnished on the housing; FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the gap between the detect terminal and switch terminal being held constant; FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the detect terminal; FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the switch terminal.

[0053] At the back part of the insertion space 110 of the housing 100, a detect terminal 300 and switch terminal 400 are furnished above and below as a card insertion confirmation terminal that detects when a card/tray 1 has been inserted.

[0054] As the card/tray 1 is inserted into the insertion space 110, the card/tray 1 pushes the detect terminal 300 downward so as to contact the switch terminal 400, so that the card/tray 1 is recognized to have been inserted into the insertion space 110. Accordingly, because the detect terminal 300 and switch terminal 400 are in contact vertically, the card/tray 1 is not affected by any force in the withdrawal direction due to the detect terminal 300, and thus there is no risk of an exterior nonconformity between the card/tray 1 and set.

[0055] In other words, if the detect terminal 300 and switch terminal 400 are in contact, it may be recognized that the card tray 1 is not inserted or has not been completely inserted, and if the detect terminal 300 and switch terminal 400 are not in contact but are separated, it may be recognized that the card tray 1 has been fully and completely inserted into the insertion space 110.

[0056] Because the detect terminal 300 has elasticity, it is elastically pushed by the card/tray 1, and because the switch terminal 400 also has elasticity, it is elastically contacted to the detect terminal 300.

[0057] The detect terminal 300 comprises a 1st housing fixing part 310, 1st contact part 320, and push guide part 330.

[0058] The 1st housing fixing part 310 may be fixed by insertion into an insertion recess (not shown) formed at the rear end of the housing 100, but is not limited thereto and may also be formed integrally with the housing 100 by molding.

[0059] The 1st contact part 320 is installed extending to either side in the rear part of the insertion space 110, and has elasticity; a first end is connected integrally with the 1st housing fixing part 310, while the second end is contacted to the switch terminal 400. This 1st contact part 320 comprises a connecting surface 321 that integrally connects with the 1st housing fixing part 310; a downward-sloping surface 322 that is bent at a downward slope from the connecting surface 321; and an upward-sloping surface 323 that is bent sloping upward from the downward-sloping surface 322. The end of the upward-sloping surface 323 contacts the switch terminal 400.

[0060] The push guide part 330 is formed sloping downward at the front in a location set apart from the end of the upward-sloping surface 323, i.e. at the far end of the 1st contact part 320, so that it guides the card/tray 1 inserted into the insertion space 110 to push on the 1st contact part 320 as it is slid along the sloped surface.

[0061] The switch terminal 400 comprises a 2nd housing fixing part 410 and a 2nd contact part 420.

[0062] The 2nd housing fixing part 410 may be formed integrally with the housing 100 by molding.

[0063] The 2nd contact part 420 is bent at an upward slope from the 2nd housing fixing part 410, so that it has internal elasticity. The end of the 2nd contact part 420 is contacted to the detect terminal 300.

[0064] On the bottom surface of the insertion space 110, a 2nd contact part 420 is located, and a through part 120 is formed that passes through in a vertical direction so as to enable vertical elastic deformation. Part of the 2nd housing fixing part 410 that is connected to the 2nd contact part 420 is also located in the through part 120.

[0065] On the rear surface of the insertion space 110, a catch lip 130 is formed projecting outward so as to prevent the 1st contact part 320 of the detect terminal 300 from lifting upward when the card/tray 1 is mis-inserted, so that the gap between the 1st contact part 320 and the 2nd contact part 420 of the switch terminal 400 is kept constant.

[0066] Before catching the 1st contact part 320 of the detect terminal 300 on the catch lip 130, the 1st contact part 320 is formed sloping upward as shown in FIG.>2, and then the 1st contact part 320 is pushed so that when it catches on the catch lip 130 as shown in FIG. 3, the 1st contact part 320 maintains a horizontal state and keeps a constant interval with the 2nd contact part 420. Accordingly, the incidence of shorts between the detect terminal 300 and switch terminal 400 may be greatly reduced.

[0067] FIG. 6 shows a view in which, prior to card/tray insertion, the gap between the 1st contact part of the detect terminal and the 2nd contact part of the switch terminal is held constant; FIG. 7 shows a view in which, during card/tray insertion, the 1st contact part and the 2nd contact part are brought into contact.

[0068] As described above, while caught on the catch lip 130 of the 1st contact part 320, the 1st contact part 320 maintains a constant gap with the 2nd contact part 420 while remaining in a horizontal state, as shown in FIG. 6. In this case the 2nd contact part 420 slopes upward.

[0069] If the card/tray 1 is inserted so as to push the 1st contact part 320, then as shown in FIG. 7, the 1st contact part 320 is pushed sloping downward, and is also pushed as the end of the 1st contact part 320 and the end of the 2nd contact part 420 contact each other. Finally, when it has been pushed, the 1st contact part 320 is tilted downward and the 2nd contact part 420 is in a horizontal state; the ends of the two contact parts 320 420 are in contact with one another.

[0070] As shown in FIG. 6, before the 1st contact part 320 is pushed by the card/tray 1, the end of the push guide part 330, formed sloping downward and forward from the 1st contact part 320, is located at a lower place than the 1st contact part 320. Accordingly, when the card/tray 1 is inserted, the card/tray 1 indirectly pushes the 1st contact part 320 while sliding along the upper sloped surface of the push guide part 330, and additionally as it is inserted, it is directly contacted to the upper surface of the 1st contact part 320 while pushing directly on the 1st contact part 320.

[0071] As the 1st contact part 320 is pushed by the card/tray 1, it is pushed downward in an oblique direction; thus, the end contact portion does not contact the card/tray 1.

[0072] Because the part of the 1st contact part 320 that contacts the switch terminal 400 without directly contacting the card/tray 1 is formed further toward the end than the part that directly contacts the card/tray 1, when the 1st contact part 320 is pushed by the card/tray 1, the part that contacts the switch terminal 400 moves a great deal more (A+a). Accordingly, even if the distance by which the detect terminal 300 is pushed is relatively reduced due to the thickness of the card/tray 1, because the contact area with the switch terminal 400 is increased relative to the detect terminals of the prior art, the stability of contact between the 1st contact part 320 and 2nd contact part 420 may be maintained.

[0073] FIG. 8 is a cross-section showing the proportion between the housing and the detect terminal.

[0074] A push guide part 330 that forms the detect terminal 300 is located within the through part 120 formed in the basal surface of the insertion space of the housing 100. Accordingly, when the detect terminal 300 is pushed by insertion of the card/tray 1, the part that is pushed, namely the push guide part 330, is caused to descend within the through part 120. In this case, because if the end of said push guide part 330 is pushed to a position below the bottom surface of the housing 100, there is a risk of contacting the PCB so that the PCB is damaged, in order to prevent this, the position of the part that contacts the card/tray 1 is below the fixing point that moves in cantilever fashion, i.e. below the connecting surface 321 of the 1st contact part 320; or alternatively, the push guide part 330 may preferably be formed so as to have a height (H1) that is equal to or less than the thickness (H2) of the base surface of the housing 100.

[0075] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a different implementation of the detect terminal.

[0076] The 1st contact part 320 that makes up the detect terminal 300 has a shape that is bent 1 time. In other words, the 1st contact part 320 may consist of a connecting surface 321 that connects integrally with the 1st housing fixing part 310, and a downward-sloping surface 322 that is bent sloping downward from the connecting surface 321.

[0077] The shape of the detect terminal 300 may be formed in diverse ways.

[0078] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the card socket for use in electronic devices according to Preferred Embodiment 2 of this disclosure, having a detect terminal and a switch terminal furnished on the housing; FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the detect terminal; FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the switch terminal.

[0079] As shown in FIGS. 10 through 12, the card socket for use in electronic devices according to Preferred Embodiment 2 of this disclosure may be furnished above and below with a switch terminal 500 and detect terminal 600, which make up a card insertion confirmation terminal that senses when a card/tray 1 has been inserted into the back portion of the insertion space 110 of the housing 100.

[0080] As the card/tray 1 is inserted into the insertion space 110, the card/tray 1 pushes the detect terminal 500 downward so as to break contact with the switch terminal 600, so that the card/tray 1 is recognized to have been inserted into the insertion space 110. As a result, because the detect terminal 500 and switch terminal 600 are in contact vertically, the card/tray 1 is not affected by any force in the withdrawal direction due to the detect terminal 500, and thus there is no risk of an exterior nonconformity between the card/tray 1 and set.

[0081] In other words, if the detect terminal 500 and switch terminal 600 are in contact, it may be recognized that the card tray 1 is not inserted or has not been completely inserted, and if the detect terminal 500 and switch terminal 600 are not in contact but are separated, it may be recognized that the card tray 1 has been fully and completely inserted into the insertion space 110.

[0082] The detect terminal 500 has elasticity so that when the card/tray 1 is inserted into the insertion space 110 of the housing 100, it is elastically pushed downward by the card/tray 1.

[0083] The detect terminal 500 may comprise a 1st housing fixing part 510, leaf spring part 520, 1st contact part 530, and push guide part 540.

[0084] The 1st housing fixing part 510 may be fixed by insertion into an insertion recess (not shown) formed at the rear end of the housing 100, but is not limited thereto and may also be formed integrally with the housing 100 by molding.

[0085] The leaf spring part 520 is the pushing portion that is pushed by the card/tray 1; it is installed extending in either direction in the rear part of the insertion space 110 of the housing 100, and has internal elasticity. A first end of the leaf spring part 520 is connected integrally with the 1st housing fixing part 510, while a below-described 1st contact part 530 is formed on the second end and is contacted to the switch terminal 600. This leaf spring part 520 may comprise a connecting surface 521 that integrally connects with the 1st housing fixing part 510; a downward-sloping surface 522 that is bent at a downward slope from the connecting surface 521; and an upward-sloping surface 523 that is bent sloping upward from the downward-sloping surface 522.

[0086] The 1st contact part 530 is formed bending at an upward direction backward on the second end of the leaf spring part (520), i.e. the end of the upward-sloping surface 523, so as to contact the 2nd contact part 620 of the below-described switch terminal 600.

[0087] The push guide part 540 is formed sloping downward at the front in a location set apart from the end of the upward-sloping surface 523 in the direction of the 1st housing fixing part 510, i.e. at the second end of the leaf spring part 520, so that it guides the card/tray 1 inserted into the insertion space 110 to push on the leaf spring part 520 as it is slid along the sloped surface.

[0088] The switch terminal 600 is installed on top of the detect terminal 500; as the detect terminal 500 is pushed downward by the card/tray 1, the contact with the detect terminal 500 is broken.

[0089] The switch terminal 600 may comprise a 2nd housing fixing part 610 and a 2nd contact part 620.

[0090] The 2nd housing fixing part 610 may be formed integrally with the housing 100 by molding, but is not limited thereto and may also be fixed by insertion into an insertion recess (not shown) formed at the rear end of the housing 100.

[0091] The 2nd contact part 620 is formed bending downward and forward from the 2nd housing fixing part 610, so as to contact the 1st contact part 530 of the detect terminal 500.

[0092] On the bottom surface of the insertion space 110, a 1st contact part 530 and push guide part 540 of the detect terminal 500 are located, and a through part 120 is formed that passes through in a vertical direction so as to enable vertical elastic deformation. In addition, part of the leaf spring part 520 connecting the 1st contact part 530 and push guide part 540 is also located in the through part 120.

[0093] A push guide part 540 that forms the detect terminal 500 is located within the through part 120 formed in the basal surface of the insertion space 110 of the housing 100. Accordingly, when the detect terminal 500 is pushed by insertion of the card/tray 1, the part that is pushed, namely the push guide part 540, is caused to descend within the through part 120. In this case, because if the end of said push guide part 540 is pushed to a position below the bottom surface of the housing 100, there is a risk of contacting the PCB so that the PCB is damaged, in order to prevent this, the position of the part that contacts the card/tray 1 is below the fixing point which moves in a cantilever fashion, i.e. below the connecting surface 521 of the leaf spring part 520; or alternatively, the push guide part 540 may preferably be formed so as to have a height that is less than the thickness of the base surface of the housing 100.

[0094] FIGS. 13A and 13B are cross-sections of the state in which contact has been broken between the detect terminal and the switch terminal, due to card/tray insertion.

[0095] As shown in FIG. 13A, if the 1st contact part 530 of the detect terminal 300 and the 2nd contact part 620 of the switch terminal 400, it is recognized that the card/tray 1 has not been inserted or has not been inserted fully.

[0096] As shown in FIG. 13B, if the card/tray 1 is inserted into the insertion space 110 of the housing 100, the detect terminal 500 is pushed and caused to move downward by the card/tray 1. Specifically, before the leaf spring part 520 of the detect terminal 500 is pushed by the card/tray 1, the end of the push guide part 540 formed sloping downward and forward from the leaf spring part 520 is located in a lower position than the leaf spring part 520. Accordingly, when the card/tray 1 is inserted, the card/tray 1 indirectly pushes the leaf spring part 520 while sliding along the upper sloped surface of the push guide part 540, and additionally as it is inserted, it is directly contacted to the upper surface of the leaf spring part 520 while pushing directly on the leaf spring part 520.

[0097] As the left spring part 520 of the detect terminal 500 moves downward due to the insertion of the card/tray 1, the 2nd contact part 620 of the switch terminal 600 and the 1st contact part 530 of the detect terminal 500 break contact. Likewise, if the detect terminal 500 and switch terminal 600 are not in contact with one another, the card/tray 1 is recognized to have been fully and completely inserted into the insertion space 110.

[0098] FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of a different implementation of the detect terminal.

[0099] As shown in FIG. 14, the leaf spring part 520 that makes up the detect terminal 500 may also be configured in a flat cantilever shape. In other words, the leaf spring part 520 may be formed as a flat line without a bending part, but is not limited thereto, and the shape of the detect terminal 500 may be formed in diverse ways.

[0100] FIG. 15 is a cross-section showing the assembled state of the detect terminal for forming a friction zone on the contact parts of the detect terminal and switch terminal; FIGS. 16A and 16B are cross-sections showing the rubbing of the edge of the detect terminal against the sloped surface of the switch terminal when the detect terminal is pushed downward.

[0101] As shown in FIGS. 15, 16A and 16B, when the detect terminal 500 is pushed downward by the card/tray 1, a friction zone W is formed between the 1st contact part 530 of the detect terminal 500 and the 2nd contact part 620 of the switch terminal 600, so that even if conductivity defects are present due to impurities or oxide films between the contact parts of the detect terminal 500 and switch terminal 600, these are removed so that the occurrence of grounding defects may be prevented by ensuring reliable conductivity.

[0102] Specifically, by configuring a sloped zone on the contact part of the detect terminal 500 and switch terminal 600 so that the corner of the terminal scratches the contact surface causing rubbing to occur. In addition, a torsional force must be applied to the detect terminal 500 in the assembly process, in order to establish a friction-causing mechanism. For example, the detect terminal 500 does not generate a torsional force at the pre-assembly location (1) and a recovering torque of the detect terminal 500 is generated at the post-assembly location (2). Specifically, an X-direction torque is generated due to the X-direction difference (ΔX) between the initial pre-assembly location and final post-assembly location of the detect terminal 500 in the X direction, and a Z-direction torque is generated due to the Z-direction difference (ΔZ) between the initial pre-assembly location and final post-assembly location of the Z-direction detect terminal 500; accordingly, a recovering torque of the detect terminal 500 is generated in the arrow direction (see arrow in FIG. 15). Even if the detect terminal 500 is moved in the direction of the −Z axis by this torque, friction is generated between the contact parts of the detect terminal 500 and the switch terminal 600, due to the corner 530a of the 1st contact part 530 of the detect terminal 500 moving along the sloped surface 620b of the 2nd contact part 620 of the switch terminal 600.

[0103] In addition, the stability of conductivity may be enhanced, due to maximizing the area over which friction occurs, because when the detect terminal 500 moves in the downward direction (−Z), the contact potential with the switch terminal 600 due to movement between the 1st contact part 530 and 2nd contact part 620 is greater than the pressure potential of the detect terminal 500, because the corner 530a of the 1st contact part 530 moves along the sloped surface 620b of the 2nd contact part 620 of the switch terminal 600.

[0104] FIGS. 17A and 17B are cross-sections showing the zone of frictional contact between the detect terminal and switch terminal depending on the slope angle of the contact parts of the detect terminal and switch terminal.

[0105] As shown in FIG. 17A, by configuring the upward-sloping angle θ1 of the 1st contact part 530 of the detect terminal 500 to be greater than the downward-sloping angle θ2 of the 2nd contact part 620 of the switch terminal 600, the corner 530a of the 1st contact part 530 of the detect terminal 500 may be caused to rub against the sloped surface 620b of the 2nd contact part 620 of the switch terminal 600.

[0106] In addition, as shown in FIG. 17B, by configuring the upward-sloping angle θ1 of the 1st contact part 530 of the detect terminal 500 to be less than the downward-sloping angle θ2 of the 2nd contact part 620 of the switch terminal 600, the corner 620a of the 2nd contact part 620 of the switch terminal 600 may be caused to rub against the sloped surface 530b of the 1st contact part 530 of the detect terminal 500.

[0107] Hereinabove, the card socket for use in electronic devices according to this disclosure has been described based on a preferred embodiment, but this disclosure is not limited to any specific embodiment, and a person of ordinary skill in the art of the relevant field will be able to make diverse modifications without departing from the claimed scope of this disclosure.