AQUEOUS SOLUTION FORMULATIONS OF VANCOMYCIN
20170304396 · 2017-10-26
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
A61K9/0019
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K31/7028
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K38/14
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K2300/00
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K2300/00
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K47/22
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K31/405
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K31/405
HUMAN NECESSITIES
International classification
A61K38/14
HUMAN NECESSITIES
Abstract
This invention relates to aqueous solution compositions of vancomycin that are stable, ready for use and do not require reconstitution.
Claims
1. A solution composition, said solution composition comprising: a. vancomycin or a salt thereof; b. tryptophan or a salt thereof at a concentration between about 0.1% w/v to 2.5%; and c. water.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein about 0.1% w/v to about 12% w/v vancomycin is present in the composition.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein vancomycin is present at about 0.5% w/v to about 5% w/v in the composition.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the vancomycin is vancomycin hydrochloride salt.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the pH of the composition is between about 3 to about 6.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein a preservative is present in the composition.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the preservative is a member selected from the group consisting of cresols, phenol, benzyl alcohol, ethanol, chlorobutanol, parabens, imidura, benzalkonium chloride, EDTA or its salt, and a combination thereof.
8. The composition of claim 1, comprising: a. vancomycin hydrochloride at about 0.1 to 12% w/v; b. tryptophan at about 0.1 to 2.5% w/v; and c. water, wherein the composition has a pH of between 3 to 6.
9. The composition of claim 1, comprising: a. vancomycin hydrochloride at about 0.5% w/v; b. tryptophan at about 0.3 to 1.5% w/v; and c. water, wherein the composition has a pH of between 3.5 to 5.
10. The composition of claim 1, comprising: a. vancomycin hydrochloride at about 1% w/v; b. tryptophan at about 0.3 to 1.5% w/v; and c. water, wherein the composition has a pH of between 3.5 to 5.
11. The composition of claim 1, comprising: a. vancomycin hydrochloride at about 5% w/v; b. tryptophan at about 0.3 to 1.5% w/v; and c. water, wherein the composition has a pH of between 3.5 to 5.
12. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is administered to a human or animal subject by oral administration, injection through a needle, instillation through a catheter, or applications onto the skin, mucous membranes, in wounds, into the eyes, ears, vagina, urethra or rectum.
13. A method for treating infections caused by microorganisms that are susceptible to vancomycin or for prophylaxis treatment, the method comprising using a solution composition, the solution composition comprising a. vancomycin or a salt thereof; b. tryptophan or a salt thereof at a concentration between about 0.1% w/v and 2.5%; and c. water, to thereby treat the infection.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said method comprises using a solution composition wherein vancomycin is present at about 0.5% w/v to about 5% w/v in the composition.
15. A method for preparing a solution composition, said method comprising: dissolving in water the following components in any order: a. vancomycin to a final concentration of about 0.1 to 12% w/v; b. tryptophan to a final concentration of about 0.1 to 2.5% w/v; and c. sodium chloride as needed achieve to achieve an isotonic concentration.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said method comprises dissolving a lyophilized dry powder or a solid composition in water to form a clear solution of: a. vancomycin at a concentration of about 0.1 to 12% w/v; and b. tryptophan to a concentration of about 0.1 to 2.5% w/v.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033]
[0034]
[0035]
[0036]
[0037]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
I. Definitions
[0038] The various terms used herein shall have the following definitions:
[0039] As used herein, “about” describes a quantity with a range covering 10% expansion from both sides of the target value. For example, “about 100” means any value between 90 and 110 and including 90 and 110 and the numbers in between.
[0040] As used herein, an “acid” refers to any organic or inorganic acid that is suitable for pharmaceutical use. The acids that have previously approved by the FDA for use in injectable or other solution drugs or are listed on the FDA's Inactive Ingredient List are preferred. Acids that are particularly useful for this invention include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic acid, citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, sulfuric acid, and tartaric acid.
[0041] An “antioxidant” is a pharmaceutical additive that can be added to a liquid composition to prevent oxidation of the active drug or an inactive component. Antioxidants include, but are not limited to, reducing agents, metal ion chelating agents and inert gases.
[0042] As used herein, “aqueous” means that the composition is made with water as a liquid vehicle and is substantially free of an organic solvent.
[0043] As used herein, the phrase “clear” or “precipitate-free” means a solution composition that exhibits no visible precipitates or particles OR that it passes the USP test specification for “PARTICULATE MATTER IN INJECTIONS” as described in USP monograph <788>. Meeting the USP <788> specification is generally required for all injectable solution formulations in order to be considered safe for human use.
[0044] As used herein, “CDP-1” or “vancomycin CDP-1” refers to products of deamidation of the asparagine residue in vancomycin or CDP-1-m and CDP-1-M as shown in
[0045] As used herein, “FDA” refers to the US Food and Drug Administration.
[0046] As used herein, “filterable” means the ability of a liquid to pass through a filter membrane of a certain pore size such as 0.2 microns. The vancomycin solution compositions of the present invention are filterable.
[0047] As used herein, an “injectable” refers to a formulation that can be injected safely by intravenous, intra-arterial, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intracavernous or other route of injection.
[0048] The term “metal ion chelating agent or chelator” includes metal ion chelators that are safe to use in an injectable product. A metal ion chelator functions by binding to a metal ion and thereby reduces the catalytic effect of that metal ion in the oxidation, hydrolysis or other degradation reactions. Metal chelators that are useful in this invention may include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, edetate), glycine and citric acid and the respective salts or a mixture thereof. Examples of the preferred chelators include sodium, potassium or calcium salts of EDTA. The vancomycin composition of the present invention may optionally contain a chelator.
[0049] As used herein, “molecular complex” means a special interaction between two molecules that are not covalently bonded. The presence of molecular complex is suggested when certain changes in physical or chemical properties (e.g., stability or solubility) of the molecules involved. One of the methods to detect molecular complex formation is the phase solubility diagram which measures changes in solubility of one molecule (“substrate”) as a function of the other molecule (“complexing agent”) (T. Higuchi and J. L. Lach, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., Sci. Ed. 43, 349, 525, 527, 1954). To demonstrate the molecular complex formed between vancomycin and tryptophan, solubility of tryptophan in water was measured in presence of vancomycin at various concentrations, to generate a phase solubility diagram (
[0050] For a fixed concentration of vancomycin, the more tryptophan added to the same solution, the better the stability of vancomycin is in solution (
[0051] As used herein, the term “parenteral” means a route of administration of a drug/preparation by some means other than oral, topical, or rectal intake, particularly intravenously or by injection.
[0052] As used herein, “% Impurity” referred to a peak area of a vancomycin-related impurity to the total peak area of all vancomycin-related peaks including the parent peak of vancomycin measured by HPLC at 280 nm detection wavelength and calculated as follows: % Impurity=peak area of that impurity÷total peak area of all vancomycin-related peaks×100.
[0053] As used herein, “pH” is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. The pH determination of a composition of the present invention is typically performed with a pH meter consisting of a glass electrode connected to an electronic meter that measures and displays the pH. The pH meter is calibrated using aqueous standard pH buffers. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. Pure water has a pH very close to 7.
[0054] As used herein, “preservative” is a pharmaceutical additive that can be added to a liquid composition to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial preservatives useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, cresols, phenol, benzyl alcohol, ethanol, chlorobutanol, parabens, imidurea, benzalkonium chloride, EDTA or its salt, or a combination thereof. The vancomycin composition of the present invention may optionally contain a preservative.
[0055] As used herein, the term “ready-to-use” means a liquid drug formulation that can be used directly, i.e., injected, diluted or applied without the need for reconstitution.
[0056] As used herein, the term “reconstitution” refers to the process of returning a dry powder, or a dehydrated, concentrated or lyophilized state to the liquid state by adding water or other liquid diluent.
[0057] As used herein, the term “RLD” or “Reference Listed Drug” refers to “Vancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection, USP”, which is currently marketed in the US, manufactured by Hospira Inc. and available in vials (containing 500 mg, 750 mg, 1 g, 5 g and 10 g vancomycin sterile dry powder per vial).
[0058] As used herein, the term “solubility” means that a solute has reached its maximum concentration in a solvent. For example, the solubility in water is about 12% w/v or 120 mg/mL for vancomycin and about 14 mg/mL for tryptophan. Due to the molecular complex formation, the solubility of tryptophan is increased in presence of vancomycin allowing for use of tryptophan at a concentration up to about 5% or 50 mg/mL, which exceeds its intrinsic solubility of 14 mg/mL. The vancomycin solutions of this invention comprise between about 0.1% and about 12% w/v vancomycin and between about 0.1% w/v and about 5% w/v tryptophan, preferably between about 0.1% w/v and about 2.5% w/v tryptophan.
[0059] As used herein, “solution” refers to a clear, homogeneous liquid mixture composed of only one phase.
[0060] As used herein, the term “substantially free” means less than 1% of the total composition weight. For example, the vancomycin solutions of this invention are substantially free of alcohol.
[0061] As used herein, “stable” means the composition retains no less than 90% of the initial vancomycin concentration (or assay) after 18 months at a refrigerator temperature (2-8° C.).
[0062] As used herein, the term “tonicity adjuster” means certain excipients that are added to liquid formulation to increase its osmotic pressure. For an injectable composition, it is desired to adjust its osmotic pressure to be equivalent to the normal saline (“isosmotic or isotonic”). The tonicity adjusters useful for the composition of the present invention may include, but are not limited to injectable salts, polyols, sugars or amino acids. Exemplary salts sodium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, exemplary polyols are glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, exemplary sugars are dextrose, lactose, trehalose, and sucrose, and exemplary amino acids are glycine, alanine, lysine, proline, histidine and tryptophan.
[0063] As used herein, “tryptophan” refers to the amino acid having the empirical formula: C.sub.11H.sub.12N.sub.2O.sub.2, CAS#: 73-22-3 and a molecular weight of 204.23, other amino acids that contains a tryptophan-like structure in either the L- or D-form or a mixture thereof, such as N-acetyl-tryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, a short peptide containing tryptophan or a salt thereof. The preferred tryptophan is L-tryptophan.
[0064] As used herein, “USP” means the current edition of the United States Pharmacopeia.
[0065] As used herein, “vancomycin” refers to the glycopeptide having the empirical formula: C.sub.66H.sub.75C.sub.12N.sub.9O2.sub.4, CAS#: 1404-90-6 and a molecular weight of 1,449.3 or another glycopeptide that contains a vancomycin-like structure such as norvancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, bleomycin, ramoplanin, and decaplanin, or a salt thereof. The preferred vancomycin salt is vancomycin hydrochloride salt, vancomycin HCl or vancomycin chloride.
[0066] As used herein, the term “%” means the weight by volume percentage, or % w/v. For example, 1% w/v means one gram in 100 mL or 10 mg/mL.
II. Description
[0067] In an aspect, the present invention provides a solution formulation, comprising:
a. vancomycin at a concentration between about 0.1% w/v to about 12% w/v
b. tryptophan at a concentration between about 0.1% w/v and about 2.5% w/v, and
c. water.
[0068] In one aspect, the solution composition of this invention remains clear or precipitate-free for 18 months at 2-8° C. or for 1 month at 25° C.
[0069] In one aspect, the composition of this invention contains 0.1% w/v to 12% w/v vancomycin (corresponding to 1 mg/mL to 120 mg/mL, or 0.0007 M to 0.084 M vancomycin). In a more preferred aspect, the composition of this invention contains about 0.5% w/v, 1% w/v or 5% w/v vancomycin. In yet another preferred aspect, the composition of this invention contains 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12% w/v vancomycin.
[0070] In one aspect, the composition of this invention contains 0.1% w/v to 5% w/v tryptophan (corresponding to 1 mg/mL to 50 mg/mL, or 0.0049 M to 0.246 M tryptophan). In a preferred aspect, the composition of this invention contains 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, or 2.5% w/v tryptophan.
[0071] In one aspect, the composition of this invention contains a vancomycin:tryptophan mixture or complex where the ratio of vancomycin-to-tryptophan is between about 100:1 and 1:25 about by weight and preferably between about 10:1 and 1:20 by weight.
[0072] In another aspect, the composition of this invention has pH between about 3 and about 6. In a preferred aspect, the composition of this invention has pH of 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5, 5.2, 5.5, or 6.0.
[0073] In another aspect, the composition of this invention has pH between about 3 and about 6 which is adjusted using an acid. The preferred acid is hydrochloric acid.
[0074] In yet another aspect, the composition of this invention comprises a preservative. The preferred preservative is benzalkonium chloride, cresol, metacresol (m-cresol), phenol, parabens, benzyl alcohol, EDTA or a mixture thereof. The concentrations may be used are about 0.01% to 1% for benzalkonium chloride, 0.08 to 0.315% for cresol/metacresol, 0.06 to 1.3% for phenol, 0.01 to 1.5% for a paraben, 0.05 to 10% for benzyl alcohol, 0.005 to 0.2% for EDTA disodium, and 0.005 to 0.34% for EDTA calcium disodium.
[0075] In one aspect, the composition of this invention further contains an antioxidant. The useful antioxidants may include, but not limited to, an inert gas, methionine, cysteine, dextrose, fructose, lactose, and a salt of edetate (EDTA), or combination thereof. A preferred antioxidant is a combination of methionine and EDTA. The concentration of each antioxidant may be determined based on its stabilizing effect on vancomycin in the composition of this invention and its safety to the patient. A normal range of concentration for each antioxidant can be found in the FDA's Inactive Ingredient List. For example, the methionine concentration range useful for injectable formulations is 0.01% to 49.2%.
[0076] In an aspect, the present invention provides a clear, stable and ready-to-use solution formulation, comprising:
a. about 0.1% w/v to about 12% w/v vancomycin;
b. about 0.1% w/v to about 2.5% w/v tryptophan; and
c. water, wherein the pH of the solution is between about 3 and about 6.
[0077] In an aspect, the present invention provides a clear, isotonic and ready-to-use solution formulation, comprising:
a. about 0.5% w/v vancomycin;
b. about 0.5% w/v tryptophan;
c. sodium chloride added to the isotonic concentration; and
d. water, wherein the pH of the solution is between about 3 and about 6.
[0078] In an aspect, the present invention provides a clear, isotonic and ready-to-use solution formulation, comprising:
a. about 1% w/v vancomycin;
b. about 1.0 to 1.4% w/v tryptophan;
c. sodium chloride added to the isotonic concentration; and
d. water.
[0079] In an aspect, the present invention provides a clear and ready-to-use solution formulation, comprising:
a. about 5% w/v vancomycin;
b. about 1.5% w/v tryptophan; and
c. water.
[0080] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method to prepare a solution formulation, comprising: (1) dissolving vancomycin in water first and then dissolving tryptophan in the same solution to form a clear solution containing about 0.1% w/v to about 12% w/v vancomycin and 0.1% w/v to about 2.5% w/v tryptophan, and (2) adjusting the pH to between about 3 and about 6 using an acid.
[0081] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method to prepare a solution formulation, comprising: (1) dissolving tryptophan in water first then dissolving vancomycin in the same solution to form a clear solution containing about 0.1% w/v to about 12% w/v vancomycin and 0.1% w/v to about 2.5% w/v tryptophan, and (2) adjusting the pH to between about 3 and about 6 using an acid.
[0082] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method to prepare a solution formulation, comprising: (1) dissolving tryptophan and vancomycin together in the same solution to form a clear solution containing about 0.1% w/v to about 12% w/v vancomycin and 0.1% w/v to about 2.5% w/v tryptophan, and (2) adjusting the pH to between about 3 and about 6 using an acid.
[0083] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method to prepare a solution formulation, comprising: (1) combining vancomycin and tryptophan, (2) dissolving them together in water to form a clear solution containing about 0.1% w/v to about 12% w/v vancomycin and 0.1% w/v to about 2.5% w/v tryptophan, and (3) adjusting the pH to between about 3 and about 6 using an acid.
[0084] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method to prepare a solution formulation, comprising the addition of water to a solid composition comprising vancomycin, tryptophan and optionally an acid. The said solid composition contains the calculated amounts of vancomycin, tryptophan and acid such that upon reconstitution with water, it forms a clear solution containing about 0.1% w/v to about 12% w/v vancomycin and 0.1% w/v to about 2.5% w/v tryptophan and having a pH at between about 3 and about 6.
[0085] The solution formulation of the present invention can be administered as is (undiluted) or diluted prior to administration. Dilutions can be made using a 5% or 10% dextrose solution or another injectable diluent or infusion fluid. The route of administration may include, but is not limited to, injection, instillation, inhalation, oral, otic, nasal, topical, ophthalmic, vaginal, and rectal administration. The solution formulation of the present invention can be delivered using needles/syringes, infusion sets, catheters, applicators, bottles, sprayers, inhalation devices, or as/from a wound dressing.
[0086] In one aspect, the solution formulation of the present invention is compatible with the same infusion fluids that are permitted for the RLD, including: 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP Lactated Ringer's Injection, USP 5% Dextrose and Lactated Ringer's Injection, Normosol-M and 5% Dextrose, 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP, ISOLYTE E and combinations thereof.
[0087] In one aspect, a vancomycin solution formulation of the present invention exhibits the same antibacterial activity as a vancomycin solution in water at the same vancomycin concentration without tryptophan.
[0088] In one aspect, the solution composition of this invention wherein vancomycin is stable for 18 months at 2-8° C. or for 1 month at 25° C.
[0089] In one aspect, the solution composition of this invention remains clear or precipitate-free for 18 months at 2-8° C. or for 1 month at 25° C.
[0090] In one aspect, the % Impurity of any individual vancomycin-related impurity in the solution composition of this invention is no more 4% for 12 months at 2-8° C. or for 1 month at 25° C.
[0091] In one aspect, the composition of this invention is capable of passing the USP test specification for “PARTICULATE MATTER IN INJECTIONS” as described in the USP monograph <788> after storage at 2-8° C. for 18 months or for 1 month at 25° C.
[0092] In one aspect, the composition of this invention is capable of passing the USP test assay and impurity specifications as defined in the “Vancomycin for Injection, USP” monograph (USP-NF 28).
[0093] In one aspect, composition of this invention has an osmotic pressure of about 200 to 600 mOsmol/L.
[0094] In one aspect, composition of this invention containing about 5 to 10 mg/mL vancomycin and is isotonic.
[0095] In one aspect, tryptophan in the solution composition of this invention remains stable without any tryptophan-related impurity formed to a concentration greater than 0.1% for 6 months at 2-8° C.
[0096] In one aspect, the composition of this invention is ready-to-use.
[0097] In one aspect, the composition of this invention is filterable through a 0.2 or 0.45-micron membrane.
[0098] In one aspect, the composition of this invention is filled in glass vials, syringes, dropper bottles, tubes, applicators, unit dispensers, infusion bags, sprayers, inhalation devices or other pharmaceutical containers.
[0099] In one aspect, the composition of this invention is filled in glass vials, syringes, dropper bottles, tubes, applicators, unit dispensers, infusion bags, sprayers, inhalation devices or other pharmaceutical containers with inert gas such as nitrogen gas filled in the headspace.
[0100] In one aspect, the composition of this invention is used for the treatment or prevention of bacterial infection including staphylococcal infections.
[0101] In one aspect, the composition of this invention is used for treatment or prevention of infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus (MRSA).
[0102] In one aspect, the composition of this invention containing about 5 to 10 mg/mL vancomycin is injected directly without any further dilution or mixing.
[0103] In one aspect, the composition of this invention containing about 50 mg/mL or more vancomycin is diluted in one of the compatible infusion fluids first to about 5 to 10 mg/mL and then injected.
[0104] The present invention will be further understood by reference to the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1
[0105] The aim of this study was to demonstrate molecular complex formulation between vancomycin and tryptophan using a phase solubility diagram based on measuring tryptophan solubility in solutions of increasing vancomycin concentration. In addition, this study intended to determine the stoichiometric ratio of such molecular complex formed. To obtain a phase solubility diagram of tryptophan, pre-calculated amounts of tryptophan, vancomycin and water were added into a plastic tube to form a suspension in which vancomycin was completed dissolved but tryptophan was not completed dissolved, the suspension was adjusted to pH 6.2, mixed at room temperature (RT) overnight to reach dissolution/re-crystallization equilibrium, and then filtered through a 0.2-micorn filter membrane. The filtrate was diluted and analyzed by HPLC (using the USP HPLC vancomycin assay method) to determine the concentrations of tryptophan and vancomycin. The solubility of tryptophan measured and the concentration of vancomycin added measured in each suspension sample are provided in the Table below:
TABLE-US-00001 Tryptophan Tryptophan Molecular Complex Solubility Vancomycin Solubility Stoichiometric Ratio Sample Determined Added Increase (Vancomycin:Tryptophan) ID pH mg/mL % w/v M mg/mL % w/v M mg/mL M Weight Ratio Molar Ratio 1 6.25 14.30 1.43 0.070 0.00 0.00 0.000 0 0.000 No complex No complex 2 6.28 15.65 1.565 0.077 10.38 1.04 0.007 1.35 0.007 7.7:1 1.1:1 3 6.20 16.27 1.627 0.080 17.76 1.78 0.012 1.97 0.010 9.0:1 1.3:1 4 6.13 15.86 1.586 0.078 15.28 1.53 0.011 1.56 0.008 9.8:1 1.4:1 5 6.21 17.18 1.718 0.084 31.08 3.11 0.021 2.88 0.014 10.8:1 1.5:1 6 6.26 18.95 1.895 0.093 44.90 4.49 0.031 4.65 0.023 9.7:1 1.4:1 7 6.20 19.86 1.986 0.097 52.83 5.28 0.036 5.56 0.027 9.5:1 1.3:1 8 6.22 20.23 2.023 0.099 60.02 6.00 0.041 5.93 0.029 10.1:1 1.4:1 9 6.23 21.78 2.178 0.107 70.12 7.01 0.048 7.48 0.037 9.4:1 1.3:1 10 6.20 22.29 2.229 0.109 77.20 7.72 0.053 7.99 0.039 9.7:1 1.4:1
[0106]
[0107] From the tryptophan phase solubility diagram, it is clear that a non-covalent molecular complex(es) is formed between vancomycin and tryptophan. The stoichiometric ratio of vancomycin-to-tryptophan in such complex may vary from about 1:1 to 1.4:1 (molar ratio) or 7.7:1 to 9.7:1 (weight ratio), meaning that each tryptophan molecule can form a molecular complex with about one or more molecules of vancomycin. The molecular complex formation increased the apparent solubility of tryptophan because tryptophan in the vancomycin-tryptophan complex form is more soluble than tryptophan without vancomycin present in the same solution. In other words, through the addition of vancomycin, the solubility of tryptophan was increased from 1.43% (with 0% vancomycin added), to 2.2% (with 7.7% vancomycin added), to an estimated 2.5% (with 10% vancomycin added). For the same reason, the vancomycin-tryptophan molecular complex formation increased the stability of vancomycin in the solution compositions of the current invention because vancomycin in the complex is more stable than vancomycin alone (Example 4).
Example 2
[0108] The aim of this study was to compare effects of various ingredients on vancomycin stability in a solution in order to identify a stabilizer that can slow the degradation of vancomycin in solution. Each solution sample (coded with an F-#) was prepared by dissolving vancomycin HCl to 1% concentration, along with stabilizer added at the concentrations listed in the Table below. Each solution was adjusted to about pH 4.7 and stored at 2-8° C. and 50° C. for 2 days. The stability of vancomycin was indicated by vancomycin recovery (% over the initial concentration) after storage at a selected temperature. The concentration of vancomycin or vancomycin assay was measured using HPLC method (USP Vancomycin Assay method). The relative stability of vancomycin in each solution was expressed in vancomycin concentration or assay recovery (% over the initial concentration). The test sample compositions and test results are shown in the Table below.
TABLE-US-00002 F- F- F- F- F- F- F- F- F- F- F- F- F- F- F- % wt 18 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Composition Vancomycin HCl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NaCl 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Zinc chloride 0.09 Magnesium 0.64 chloride Ferric chloride 1.09 Calcium chloride 0.75 Tryptophan 1.37 N-acetyl-tryptophan 1.65 Phenylalanine 1.11 Tyrosine 1.22 Aspartic acid 0.90 Glycylglycine 0.89 Histidine 1.04 Lysine 0.98 Alanine 0.60 DMPG Na* 4.26 Solution pH 4.67 4.74 4.76 4.61 4.8 4.74 4.7 4.72 4.64 4.76 4.75 4.62 4.63 4.8 4.66 Test results Vancomycin Assay 87.8 87.7 88.6 85.3 89.4 90.9 90.1 88.9 88.8 86.8 84.3 73.6 86.9 82.7 86.7 Recovery (%) at 50° C. for 2 days Vancomycin Assay 78 78 76.9 72.4 79.2 85.3 81 79.3 76.1 75.1 71.5 51.8 80.4 70.7 72.7 Recovery (%) at 50° C. for 4 days *1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sodium salt
[0109] The results from this study indicate that tryptophan or a tryptophan analog (N-acetyl-tryptophan) is capable of slowing down the degradation of vancomycin in solution. Other additives showed no or a negative effect on vancomycin stability in solution.
Example 3
[0110] The aim of this study was to compare various amino acids, including tryptophan, on their effects on vancomycin stability in an aqueous solution. The solution samples were prepared and tested similarly to Example 2. The sample compositions and test results are shown in the Table below:
TABLE-US-00003 % wt F-18 F-43 F-44 F-45 F-46 F-47 F-48 F-49 Composition Vancomycin 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 HCl NaCl 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Methionine 1.00 Alanine 0.60 Tryptophan 1.37 Cysteine 0.82 Arginine 1.17 Proline 0.77 Asparagine 0.89 Solution pH 4.68 4.74 4.77 4.76 4.7 4.64 4.71 4.64 Test results Vancomycin 91.3 91.3 91.6 93.0 81.3 91.2 91.1 90.2 Assay Recovery (%) at 50° C. for 2 days
[0111] This study confirmed that tryptophan is capable of slowing down the degradation of vancomycin whereas other amino acids had no or negative effect on vancomycin stability in solution.
Example 4
[0112] The aim of this study was to demonstrate effect of tryptophan concentration on vancomycin stability in solution. The solution samples were prepared and tested in a similar way as in Example 2. The test sample compositions and test results are shown in the Table below and the effects of tryptophan concentration on vancomycin stability are depicted graphically in
TABLE-US-00004 % wt F-50 F-51 F-52 F-53 F-54 F-55 F-56 F-57 F-58 F-59 F-18 Composition Vancomycin HCl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tryptophan 1.5 1.35 1.2 1.05 0.9 0.75 0.6 0.45 0.3 0.15 0 NaCl 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 pH 4.87 4.81 4.82 4.86 4.86 4.87 4.84 4.81 4.9 5.12 5.25 Test results Vancomycin Assay 100.14 98.38 97.72 98.21 97.51 98.64 98.76 98.42 97.48 96.48 97.27 Recovery (%) at 30° C. for 3 days Vancomycin Assay 95.45 94.59 95.13 94.76 94.54 94.39 94.39 94.02 92.42 93.35 91.92 Recovery (%) at 40° C. for 3 days Vancomycin Assay 87.09 86.02 85.79 85.33 86.27 85.61 85.02 83.76 83.29 82.79 82.73 Recovery (%) at 50° C. for 3 days Vancomycin Assay 95.77 94.85 84.28 94.18 93.68 93.96 93.29 92.48 91.72 90.92 90.16 Recovery (%) at 40° C. for 7 days
[0113]
Example 5
[0114] The aim of this study was determine the pH or pH range at which vancomycin is most stable. Each test solution was prepared to contain 5 mg/mL vancomycin HCl and the pH of the solution was adjusted to about 3, 3.3, 3.7, 4, 4.3, 4.7, 5, 5.3, 5.7, or 6 with HCl/NaOH. The solutions were stored at 25, 40, 50 and 60° C. and analyzed for vancomycin concentration after various times by the vancomycin HPLC method. The rate of degradation of vancomycin (mg/mL/hr) was calculated, plotted against the pH of the solution and used to determine the pH or pH range at which vancomycin is most stable. The test results are depicted graphically in
Example 6
[0115] Multiple batches of the solution formulations of the present invention have been prepared using the following procedure: [0116] Step #1: Weigh out and add L-tryptophan and sodium chloride (as needed) into a clean plastic container. [0117] Step #2: Add Water for Injection, USP (WFI) to about 95% of the batch weight. [0118] Step #3: Mix using a magnetic stir bar to dissolve the solids. To speed up the dissolution, sonication and heating to no more than 50° C. has been applied. The solution obtained is a clear and nearly colorless liquid. [0119] Step #4: Weigh out and add the vancomycin raw material (or Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient or API) to the same container. [0120] Step #5: Mix using a magnetic stir bar to dissolve the solids. Vancomycin dissolves quickly and this process usually takes about 1 hour to complete. The solution obtained is clear and the color may vary from nearly colorless to yellow depending upon the API used and the final concentration of vancomycin. The pH of this solution is usually around 5.5. [0121] Step #6 While stirring, adjust the solution pH to within the target range using 1N hydrochloric acid solution. If pH is overshot, then add 1N sodium hydroxide to adjust back. [0122] Step #7 Add WFI to the final batch weight. [0123] Step #8: Mix using a magnetic stir bar at room temperature to allow the pH to stabilize. [0124] Step #9: Measure the pH. If pH has changed by more than 0.2 units, re-adjust pH with either 1N HCl or 1N NaOH, then mix for an additional 30 minutes. [0125] Step #10: Pass the solution through a sterile 0.2 μm filter to sterilize. Collect the filtrate in a sterile container. [0126] Step #11 Aseptically fill the filtrate into the final containers such as glass vials or prefillable syringes.
Example 7
[0127] The following batches of the solution formulations of the present invention have been prepared and tested for stability:
TABLE-US-00005 Formulation code F51 F78 F82 F82 F87 Container 100 mL 20 mL 10 mL 10 mL 100 mL glass glass prefillable glass glass vial vial syringe vial vial Vancomycin 10.40 10.40 52.23 52.23 5.20 HCl (mg/mL) L-tryptophan 13.7 10.4 15.2 15.2 5.2 (mg/mL) NaCl (mg/mL) 8.1 3.6 0 0 8.1 Source of Lek Xellia Xinchang Xinchang Xellia vancomycin Pharma Pharma Pharma Pharma Pharma raw material
[0128] The following stability tests were performed on the solution formulations of the present invention. Whenever applicable, the USP analytical test methods and specifications for “Vancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection, USP” were used.
TABLE-US-00006 Test Method Specifications Appearance Visual evaluation Report clarity, color and presence of solid, e.g., precipitates pH pH meter 4-5 Vancomycin assay USP HPLC method NLT 90.0% & (mg/mL) for “Assay” NMT 115.0% (USP) Chromatographic USP HPLC NLT 88.0% of Purity (peak area) method for vancomycin B is CDP-1-m (or “Chromatographic found & NMT 4.0% Resolution Com- Purity” of any peak other than pound 1 per USP) the main peak is found CDP-1-M (or (USP) Resolution Com- pound 2 per USP) Largest Individual Impurity Particulate Matter The USP<788> USP spec for Small-Volume method using Injections, i.e. 10 μm: NMT HIAC 6000/container & 25 μm: NMT 600/container
Formulation Code: F-51 in glass vials
Storage: 2-8° C.
[0129] Vial orientation: Upright
TABLE-US-00007 Test Initial 19 M 20 M 21 M 22 M 25 M Appearance Amber No No No No Precipitate solution* change change change change (Fail) pH 4.87 4.81 4.74 4.78 5.0 4.74 Vancomycin Assay or 10.5 10.3 9.9 10.0 9.9 9.9 Concentration (mg/mL) Assay Recovery 100.0 98.0 94.1 94.8 94.1 94.0 (% over Initial) Vancomycin Purity 95.5 88.9 91.4 91.5 93.2 93.7 (% peak area) CDP-1-m (% peak area) 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 CDP-1-M (% peak area) 0.8 5.0** 2.9 2.9 1.9 1.8 Largest Individual 0.8 5.0** 2.9 2.9 1.9 1.8 Impurity (% peak area) Particulate Matter Pass Pass Not Not Not Fail tested tested tested *The solution prepared with the LEK API is amber whereas solutions prepared with the Xellia or Xinchang API are almost colorless to a faint yellow. **This high value was determined to be an outlier due to analytical artifact. It is not supported by the HIAC reading or the subsequent monthly HPLC test results.
[0130] Three additional solution compositions of vancomycin were prepared according to table below. The solutions were filled into glass vials or pre-sterilized syringes and kept at 2-8° C. and 25° C.
TABLE-US-00008 % w/v F-87 F-78 F-82 Vancomycin 0.5 1.0 5.0 NaCl 0.8 0.356 0.0 L-tryptophan 0.51 1.028 1.5 Water QS QS QS pH 4.7 +/− 0.1 4.0 +/− 0.1 4.0 +/− 0.1
[0131] The long-term stability of F-87 in glass vials was tested and the test results are provided in the tables below:
Formulation Code: F-78 in glass vials
Storage: 2-8° C.
[0132] Vial orientation: upright
TABLE-US-00009 Test Initial 1 M 2 M 3 M 6 M 12 M Appearance Clear, nearly No No Slightly Slightly Slightly colorless change change more more more solution yellow yellow yellow pH 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.4 Vancomycin Assay or 10.2 10.1 10.0 9.8 10.0 9.6 Concentration (mg/mL) Assay Recovery 100.0 99.1 98.3 97.1 97.8 94.4 (% over Initial) Vancomycin Purity 95.9 92.6 92.4 93.0 92.2 89.1 (% peak area) CDP-1-m (% peak area) 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.5 CDP-1-M (% peak area) 0.04 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.7 2.9 Largest Individual 0.6 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.7 2.9 Impurity (% peak area) Particulate Matter Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
Formulation Code: F-78 in glass vials
Storage: 25° C.
[0133] Vial orientation: upright
TABLE-US-00010 Test Initial 1 M 2 M Appearance Clear, nearly More Precipitates colorless yellow (Fail) solution pH 4.2 4.1 4.6 Vancomycin Assay or 10.2 9.3 8.7 Concnetration (mg/mL) Assay Recovery 100.0 91.2 85.0 (Fail) (% over Initial) Vancomycin Purity 95.9 86.7 81.4 (Fail) (% peak area) CDP-1-m (% peak area) 0.4 2.4 2.4 CDP-1-M (% peak area) 0.04 3.5 6.3 (Fail) Largest Individual 0.6 3.5 6.3 (Fail) Impurity (% peak area) Particulate Matter Pass Pass Fail
Formulation Code: F-82 in prefilled syringes
Storage: 2-8° C.
[0134] Prefilled syringe orientation: upright
TABLE-US-00011 Test Initial 1 M 2 M 3 M 6 M Appearance Clear, No No No No slightly change change change change yellow solution pH 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 Vancomycin Assay or 50.0 51.2 51.3 47.7 51.1 Concentration (mg/mL) Assay Recovery 100 102.4 102.8 96.0 102.3 (% over Initial) Vancomycin Purity 95.5 94.3 95.2 93.2 93.3 (% peak area) CDP-1-m (% peak area) 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.1 CDP-1-M (% peak area) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 Largest Individual 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 Impurity (% peak area) Particulate Matter Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
Formulation Code: F-82 in prefilled syringes
Storage: 25° C.
[0135] Prefilled syringe orientation: upright
TABLE-US-00012 Test Initial 1 M 2 M Appearance Clear, No Precipitates slightly change (Fail) yellow solution pH 4.1 4.4 4.4 Vancomycin Assay or 50.0 48.9 46.1 Concentration (mg/mL) Assay Recovery 100 98.0 92.2 (% over Initial) Vancomycin Purity 95.5 90.0 91.1 (% peak area) CDP-1-m (% peak area) 0.6 2.6 2.8 CDP-1-M (% peak area) 0.1 2.2 1.8 Largest Individual 0.7 2.6 2.8 Impurity (% peak area) Particulate Matter Pass Pass Fail
Formulation Code: F-82 in glass vials
Storage: 2-8° C.
[0136] Vial orientation: upright
TABLE-US-00013 Test Initial 3 M 6 M Appearance Clear, No No lightly change change yellow solution pH 4.1 4.2 4.2 Vancomycin Assay or 50.0 49.4 50.7 Concentration (mg/mL) Assay Recovery 100 99.0 101.4 (% over Initial) Vancomycin Purity 95.5 93.2 93.7 (% peak area) CDP-1-m (% peak area) 0.6 1.0 1.1 CDP-1-M (% peak area) 0.1 0.4 0.5 Largest Individual 0.7 1.1 1.1 Impurity (% peak area) Particulate Matter Pass Pass Not tested
Formulation Code: F-87 in glass vials
Storage: 2-8° C.
[0137] Vial orientation: upright
TABLE-US-00014 Test Initial 1 M 2 M 3 M Appearance Clear, nearly No No No colorless change change change solution pH 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.0 Vancomycin Assay 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 (mg/mL) Assay Recovery 100 100.1 97.9 98.0 (% over Initial) Vancomycin Purity 93.8 93.3 92.9 92.2 (% peak area) CDP-1-m (% peak area) 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.5 CDP-1-M (% peak area) 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.8 Largest Individual 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 Impurity (% peak area) Particulate Matter Pass Pass Pass Pass
Formulation Code: F-87 in glass vials
Storage: 25° C.
[0138] Vial orientation: upright
TABLE-US-00015 Test Initial 1 M 2 M Appearance Clear, nearly No No colorless change change solution pH 4.7 4.9 4.8 Vancomycin Assay 5.1 4.8 4.4 (mg/mL) Assay Recovery 100 93.9 85.3 (% over Initial) Vancomycin Purity 93.8 89.6 83.3 (% peak area) CDP-1-m (% peak area) 0.7 1.7 1.6 CDP-1-M (% peak area) 0.1 2.6 7.3 Largest Individual 1.7 2.6 7.3 Impurity (% peak area) Particulate Matter Pass Pass Pass
[0139] These results indicate that the vancomycin solution compositions of this invention are stable for 18 months at 2-8° C. or for 1 month at 25° C.
Example 8
[0140] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the stability of a concentrated vancomycin solution after being diluted with intravenous infusion fluids. Infusion fluids were selected based on those listed in the package insert of the RLD, Vancomycin HCl for Injection, USP. Dilutions were prepared in sterile 20 mL glass vials per instructions on the RLD's package insert. Dilutions were stored at 2-8° C. for two weeks as instructed in the RLD's package insert.
[0141] The composition of the concentrated vancomycin solution is shown in the table below.
TABLE-US-00016 % w/v F-82 Vancomycin 5.0 L-tryptophan 1.5 Water QS pH 4.0 +/− 0.1
[0142] The infusion fluids evaluated in the study are listed in the table below:
5% Dextrose Injection, USP
5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP
Lactated Ringer's Injection, USP
5% Dextrose and Lactated Ringer's Injection
Normosol-M and 5% Dextrose
0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP
ISOLYTE E
[0143] The stability of F-82 diluted in infusion fluids was tested and test results are provided in the table below:
TABLE-US-00017 Infusion fluid used 5% Dextrose and Lactated 5% Dextrose 0.9% Sodium Ringer's 5% Dextrose Normosol- 0.9% Sodium USP Injection, Chloride Injection, Injection, and Lactated M and 5% Chloride ISOLYTE Test Specification USP USP USP Ringer's Dextrose Injection, USP E Appearance Report results pass pass pass Pass pass pass pass pH Report results pass pass pass Pass pass pass pass Osmolality Report results pass pass pass Pass pass pass pass Assay NLT 90.0% and pass pass pass Pass pass pass pass NMT 115.0% of labeled amount of vancomycin Impurity No individual pass pass pass Pass pass pass pass Compound 1 impurity is larger than 4.0% Impurity No individual pass pass pass Pass pass pass pass Compound 2 impurity is larger than 4.0% Largest No individual pass pass pass Pass pass pass pass individual impurity is larger impurity than 4.0% Purity NLT 88.0% pass pass pass Pass pass pass pass Particulate NMT 600 pass pass pass Pass pass pass pass Matter particles/mL @ >10 μm & NMT 6000 particles/mL @ >25 μm
[0144] The results demonstrate that the concentrated vancomycin solution form of this invention is stable in the infusion fluids listed in package insert of the RLD when diluted and stored per the RLD package insert instructions. Furthermore, the results obtained indicated that the stability of the concentrated vancomycin solution F-82 is equivalent or better than that of the RLD. Neither the primary vancomycin impurities (CDP-1s) nor any other individual impurity equaled or exceeded the limit of 4.0% total area for any infusion fluid during the study. Therefore, the vancomycin solution compositions of this invention are compatible with and can be diluted using the same labeled infusion fluids that are permitted for use with the RLD.
Example 9
[0145] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the antibiotic activity (potency) of vancomycin in the solution compositions of the present invention. Antibiotic potency was determined using the current USP method for Antibiotic Assay <81>. The table below describes the vancomycin solution composition used to test antibiotic potency.
TABLE-US-00018 % w/v F-51 Vancomycin 1.0 NaCl 0.8 L-tryptophan 1.35 Water QS pH 4.7 +/− 0.1
[0146] The table below shows the results of antibiotic potency testing:
TABLE-US-00019 USP Bacterium Specifi- Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Avg Test strain cation (%) (%) (%) (%) Vancomycin Bacillus 90.0- 102.9 105.4 111.0 106.4 Assay per subtilis 115.0% USP <81> ATCC633
[0147] The results demonstrate that the vancomycin solution formulations of the present invention passed the potency test and conforms to the USP specification for Antibiotic Assay.
Example 10
[0148] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), the measure of the lowest level of an antibiotic agent that can inhibit microbial proliferation in liquid. Standards for this method are outlined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The table below describes the vancomycin solution composition used to test antibiotic potency:
TABLE-US-00020 % w/v F-51 Vancomycin 1.0 NaCl 0.8 L-tryptophan 1.35 Water QS pH 4.7 +/− 0.3
[0149] The table below shows the results of antibiotic potency testing for F-51:
TABLE-US-00021 Bacteria Specifica- Replicate Replicate Avg Test strain tion #1 (%) #2 (%) (%) MIC E. faecalis Report ≧0.1 ≧0.1 ≧0.1 ATCC results 29212 MIC S. aureus Report ≧0.1 ≧0.1 ≧0.1 ATCC results 25923
[0150] The results demonstrate that the vancomycin solution composition of the present invention is sufficiently potent at least to a vancomycin concentration of 0.001% w/v.
Example 11
[0151] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), the measure of the lowest level of an antibiotic agent that can inhibit microbial proliferation in liquid. Standards for this method are outlined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
[0152] The table below describes the vancomycin solution composition used to test antibiotic potency.
TABLE-US-00022 % w/v F-51 Reference Solution Vancomycin 1.0 1.0 NaCl 0.8 — L-tryptophan 1.35 — Water QS QS pH 4.7 +/− 0.1 4.7 +/− 0.1
[0153] The table below describes the testing parameters used in this study.
TABLE-US-00023 Parameter Value Parameter Value Concentrations 50 to 0.1% Culture growth 18-24 hours time Replicates 2 Test dilution Mueller Hinton media broth Bacteria E. faecalis, Inoculum 0.100 mL S. aureus volume Culture growth Tryptic soy Incubation 24 hours media broth time Culture dilution Mueller Hinton Enumeration 24-48 hours media broth plate incubation time Inoculum 1.0 x 104 Enumeration 36 +/− 1° C. concentration CFU/well plate incubation temperature Incubation 36 +/− 1° C. Final well 0.200 mL temperature volumes
[0154] The table below shows the results of antibiotic potency testing:
TABLE-US-00024 Bacteria Specifi- Replicate Replicate Avg Sample Test strain cation #1 (%) #2 (%) (%) F-51 MIC E. faecalis Report >0.1 >0.1 >0.1 ATCC results 29212 Reference MIC E. faecalis Report >0.1 >0.1 >0.1 Solution - a ATCC results vancomycin 29212 Solution without tryptophan F-51 MIC S. aureus Report >0.1 >0.1 >0.1 ATCC results 25923 Reference MIC S. aureus Report >0.1 >0.1 >0.1 Solution - a ATCC results vancomycin 25923 solution without tryptophan
[0155] The results demonstrate that addition of tryptophan to the vancomycin solution of the present invention does not affect the MIC of vancomycin for the tested bacterial strains.
Example 12
[0156] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the stability of tryptophan in the vancomycin solution of the present invention. The table below describes the vancomycin solution and corresponding vehicle solution composition used to test tryptophan stability.
TABLE-US-00025 % w/v F-50 F-50 Vehicle Vancomycin 1.0 — NaCl 0.8 0.8 L-tryptophan 1.5 1.5 Water QS QS pH 4.7 +/− 0.1 4.7 +/− 0.1
[0157] The table below the storage/stress conditions used to evaluate tryptophan stability.
TABLE-US-00026 Sample treatment/ storage condition # Sample prior to test 1 F-50 2-8° C. x 6 months 2 F-50 2-8° C. x 6 months 3 Vehicle 2-8° C. x 6 M + 60° C. for 24 hr 4 2-8° C. x 6 M + 121° C. for 15 min (autoclave)
[0158] The table below summarizes the peak area (%) of the tryptophan-related impurities or degradation products. Vancomycin and its related peaks are not included in the HPLC data integration and calculation.
TABLE-US-00027 Sample treatment/ # of impurity storage condition Tryptophan peak > 0.1% of # ID prior to test (% peak area) total peak area Comment 1 F-50 2-8° C. x 6 months 99.97 0 No tryptophan- 2 F-50 2-8° C. x 6 months 99.97 0 related impurity vehicle exceeds to 0.1% 3 F-50 2-8° C. x 6 M + 99.89 0 or the vehicle 60° C. for 24 hr “Reporting 4 F-50 2-8° C. x 6 M + 99.52 0 Threshold” vehicle 121° C. for 15 min (autoclave)
[0159] The results demonstrate that tryptophan is very stable in the vancomycin solution of the present invention and no impurity or degradation products are of concern. There is no tryptophan-related impurity with peak area exceeding 0.1% found in the 2-8° C.×6 months vancomycin solution and its vehicle. Even after a substantial stress such as autoclaving, the tryptophan-related impurities formed in the vancomycin solution remained below 0.1% or the “Reporting Threshold” according to the FDA's impurity guidance (Guidance for Industry Q3B(R2) Impurities in New Drug Products). Tryptophan purity is expected to remain above 99.9% by peak area. No tryptophan impurities are expected to interfere with known vancomycin impurities by the HPLC method.
[0160] Modifications and variations of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the foregoing detailed description and are intended to fall within the scope of the following claims. The teachings of all references cited herein are specifically incorporated by reference.