Method and apparatus for providing speech coding coefficients using re-sampled coefficients
09800453 · 2017-10-24
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
G10L19/06
PHYSICS
G10L19/08
PHYSICS
International classification
G10L19/08
PHYSICS
G10L19/12
PHYSICS
Abstract
A method and apparatus for providing signal processing coefficients for processing an input signal at a predetermined signal processing sampling rate, wherein the input signal is received at an input signal sampling rate, the method comprising the steps of computing a correlation or covariance function based on the received input signal at the input signal sampling rate to provide correlation or covariance coefficients at the input signal sampling rate, re-sampling the computed correlation or covariance coefficients having the input signal sampling rate to provide correlation or covariance coefficients at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate, and calculating the signal processing coefficients based on the correlation or covariance coefficients at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate.
Claims
1. A method for providing signal processing coefficients for processing an input signal at a predetermined signal processing sampling rate, wherein the input signal is received at an input signal sampling rate, the method comprising: computing a correlation or covariance function based on the received input signal at the input signal sampling rate to provide first correlation or covariance coefficients at the input signal sampling rate, wherein the input signal comprises an audio signal; re-sampling the computed first correlation or covariance coefficients having the input signal sampling rate to provide second correlation or covariance coefficients at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate; calculating the signal processing coefficients based on the second correlation or covariance coefficients at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate; and coding a re-sampled input signal using the calculated signal processing coefficients, wherein the re-sampled input signal is the input signal re-sampled at a second input signal sampling rate.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the received input signal comprises an actual signal portion and a look-ahead signal portion, wherein the calculating the signal processing coefficients comprises calculating the signal processing coefficients for the actual signal portion, and wherein the computed first correlation or covariance coefficients and the re-sampled second correlation or covariance coefficients comprise the actual signal portion and the look-ahead signal portion.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing coefficients comprise Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) filter coefficients or a pitch lag of the input signal.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the LPC filter coefficients are calculated by a filter coefficient calculating unit performing a filter coefficient calculation algorithm comprising a Levinson-Durbin algorithm or a Burg algorithm, and wherein the calculated LPC filter coefficients are provided to adapt a linear prediction coding (LPC) filter, used by a speech processing unit for performing a speech processing function to the re-sampled input signal.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the speech processing unit is formed by a Code Exited Linear Prediction (CELP) encoder or a Transform Coded Excitation (TCX) encoder.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the re-sampling is performed by a re-sampling unit with a re-sampling factor being formed by a ratio between the predetermined signal processing sampling rate and the input signal sampling rate, wherein the re-sampling unit performs a downsampling or an upsampling of the received input signal with the re-sampling factor, and wherein the re-sampling factor is a fixed or configurable re-sampling factor.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the configurable re-sampling factor is selected from a group of downsampling factors comprising
4/15,⅖,⅘,⅙,¼,½.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the re-sampling unit is formed by a zero phase re-sampling filter.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the computed correlation or covariance coefficients are filtered by a pre-emphasis filter before being re-sampled by the re-sampling unit.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the received input signal is a digital audio signal comprising signal frames, wherein each of the signal frames consists of a predetermined number of samples.
11. An apparatus for providing signal processing coefficients for processing an input signal at a predetermined signal processing sampling rate, the apparatus comprising: a transducer for receiving the input signal, wherein the input signal comprises an audio signal; a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including computer-executable instructions for causing the apparatus to perform the method comprising: computing a correlation or covariance function based on the received input signal at an input signal sampling rate to provide first correlation or covariance coefficients at the input signal sampling rate, re-sampling the computed first correlation or covariance coefficients having the input signal sampling rate to provide second correlation or covariance coefficients at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate, calculating the signal processing coefficients based on the second correlation or covariance coefficients at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate, and coding a re-sampled input signal using the calculated signal processing coefficients, wherein the re-sampled input signal is the input signal re-sampled at a second input signal sampling rate.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium further includes instructions comprising calculating at least one of the group consisting of (a) Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) filter coefficients and (b) a pitch lag, based on the second calculated correlation or covariance coefficients.
13. A signal processing device comprising: a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including computer-executable instructions for causing the device to perform the method comprising: computing a correlation or covariance function based on an input signal at an input signal sampling rate to provide first correlation or covariance coefficients at the input signal sampling rate wherein the input signal comprises an audio signal, re-sampling the computed first correlation or covariance coefficients having the input signal sampling rate to provide second correlation or covariance coefficients at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate, calculating the signal processing coefficients based on the second correlation or covariance coefficients at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate, and coding a re-sampled input signal using the calculated signal processing coefficients, wherein the re-sampled input signal is the input signal re-sampled at a second input signal sampling rate.
14. The signal processing device according to claim 13, wherein the performing instructions further comprise performing a speech processing function to said re-sampled input signal in response to at least one of (a) calculated Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) filter coefficients and (b) a calculated pitch lag.
15. The signal processing device according to claim 13, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium further includes instructions comprising receiving a digital audio signal as the input signal, wherein the digital audio signal is provided by an audio signal source connected to the signal processing device.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
(1) In the following possible implementations of the method and apparatus for providing signal processing coefficients are described in detail with respect to the enclosed figures.
(2)
(3)
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(11)
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(12) As can be seen from the flowchart in
(13) In a first step 1 a correlation or covariance function is computed based on or using the received input signal S1 at the input signal sampling rate f1 to provide correlation or covariance coefficients r1 at the input signal sampling rate f1.
(14) In a further step 2 the computed correlation or covariance coefficients r1 having the input sampling rate f1 are re-sampled to provide correlation or covariance coefficients r2 at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate f2.
(15) In a further step 3 the signal processing coefficients c2 are calculated based on or using the correlation or covariance coefficients r2 at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate f2.
(16) The received input signal S1 for which a correlation or covariance function is computed in step 1 can comprise an actual signal portion and a look-ahead signal portion. In step 3 the calculating of the signal processing coefficients c2 comprises the calculation of the signal processing coefficients for the actual signal portion. The computed correlation or covariance coefficients r1 and the re-sampled correlation or covariance coefficients r2 comprise the actual signal portion and the look-ahead signal portion.
(17) In a possible implementation the signal processing coefficients c2 calculated in step 3 can comprise Linear Predictive Coding, LPC, filter coefficients. Furthermore, in a possible implementation the signal processing coefficients c2 calculated in step 3 can comprise a pitch lag of the input signal S1.
(18) The re-sampling in step 2 can be performed in a possible implementation by a re-sampling filter with a re-sampling factor. This re-sampling factor can be formed by a ratio between the signal processing sampling rate f2 and the input signal sampling rate f1 of the input signal S1. In a possible implementation the re-sampling performed by the re-sampling filter in step 2 can be a downsampling of the received input signal S1. In an alternative embodiment the re-sampling performed by the re-sampling filter in step 2 is an upsampling of the received input signal S1. In a possible implementation of the method for providing signal processing coefficients according to the first aspect of the present invention the employed re-sampling factor is a fixed re-sampling factor. In an alternative implementation of the method for providing signal processing coefficients according to the first aspect of the present invention the re-sampling factor provided by the re-sampling filter in step 2 is a configurable re-sampling factor. In a possible implementation this configurable re-sampling factor can be selected from a group of downsampling factors. This group of downsampling factors can comprise in a possible exemplary embodiment the following values:
4/15,⅖,⅘,⅙,¼,½ I.
(19) Other ratios are possible as well depending on the specific application. The re-sampling filter employed for re-sampling computed correlation or covariance coefficients in step 2 can be formed in a possible implementation by a zero phase re-sampling filter.
(20) In a further possible implementation of the method for providing signal processing coefficients according to the first aspect of the present invention the calculated computed correlation or covariance coefficients r1 computed in step 1 are filtered by a pre-emphasis filter before being re-sampled by the re-sampling filter in step 2. By employing a pre-emphasis filter before re-sampling the speech quality can be improved. By employing a pre-emphasis filter it is for example possible to emphasise higher frequencies within the signal. In a possible exemplary implementation of the method for providing signal processing coefficients the calculated signal processing coefficients c2 calculated in step 3 are calculated by means of a filter coefficient calculating unit. This filter coefficients calculating unit can perform a filter coefficient calculation algorithm. In a possible implementation this filter coefficient calculation algorithm comprises a Levinson-Durbin algorithm. In a further possible implementation the employed filter coefficients calculation algorithm is a Burg algorithm.
(21) In a possible implementation of the method for providing signal processing coefficients according to the first aspect of the present invention as shown in
(22) This speech processing unit can be formed in a possible implementation by a Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) encoder. In a possible alternative implementation the speech processing unit can be formed by a Transform Coded Excitation (TCX) encoder. The received input signal processed by the method for providing signal processing coefficients according to the first aspect of the present invention can be a digital audio signal comprising signal frames each consisting of a predetermined number of samples.
(23) With the method for providing signal processing coefficients for processing an input signal S1 according to the present invention the correlation or covariance function is computed directly based on the received input signal S1 before performing a re-sampling in step 2.
(24)
(25) The apparatus 2 for providing signal processing coefficients c2 further comprises in the shown implementation a calculation unit 2C for calculating the signal processing coefficients c2 based on the correlation or covariance coefficients r2 at the predetermined signal processing sampling rate f2. The calculated signal processing coefficients c2 are applied as shown in
(26) In a possible implementation of the apparatus 2 for providing signal processing coefficients according to the second aspect of the present invention the calculation unit 2C is provided for calculating Linear Predictive Coding filter coefficients which are applied to the speech processing unit 4. The speech processing unit 4 performs a speech processing function to the re-sampled input signal S2 provided by the re-sampling filter 5 in response to the calculated Linear Predictive Coding LPC filter coefficients C.sub.2 received from the apparatus 2. The re-sampling filter 5 is adapted to use or apply, for example, the same re-sampling factor as the re-sampling unit 2B.
(27) In an alternative implementation the calculation unit 2C of the apparatus 2 is provided for calculating a pitch lag on the basis of the correlation or covariance coefficients c2. In this possible implementation the speech processing unit 4 performs the speech processing function of the re-sampled input signal S1 in response to the calculated pitch lag. The speech processing unit 4 can provide different speech processing functions. In a possible exemplary implementation the speech processing unit 4 performs a speech encoding of the re-sampled input signal S2. Further, speech or audio processing functions can be performed in alternative implementations by the speech processing unit 4 as well depending on the application.
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(29) As illustrated in
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(31) As can be seen in
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(33) Zero phase filtering can be performed by:
(34) a two pass filter: considering x.sub.n being the correlation, for all low pass filter (even not a zero phase filtering) x.sub.n is first filtered in the forward direction to obtain y.sub.n. Then y.sub.n is filtered in backward direction (time reserved order) to obtain the output 4.
y.sub.n=h*x(t)
z.sub.n=h*y.sub.−n.
(35) Finally, the filtered correlation is obtained by z-n.
(36) or by linear phase re-sampling filter with recentering of delay (i.e. max autocorrelation need always to be at zero),
(37) or by Sin c interpolation or spline interpolation or other kind of interpolation.
(38) For Sin c interpolation the function sin c(x) is defined by sin c(x)=sin(x)/x for x≠0, with sin c(0)=1. The sine interpolation formula is defined as:
(39)
(40) where T is the sampling period used to determine xn from the original signal, and x(t) is the reconstructed signal.
(41) Alternatively a spline interpolation can be performed in the field of numerical analysis, spline interpolation is a form of interpolation where the interpolant is a special type of piecewise polynomial called a spline.
(42) Given n+1 distinct knots xi such that:
x0<x1< . . . <xn−1<xn
(43) with n+1 knot values yi, a spline function of degree n can be calculated:
(44)
(45) where each Si(x) is a polynomial of degree k.
(46) Linear spline interpolation is the simplest form of spline interpolation and is equivalent to linear interpolation. The data points are graphically connected by straight lines:
(47)
(48) For example a filter H1 having a characteristic as shown in
(49) The re-sampling filter can be combined with a pre-emphasis filter.
H.sub.comb=H*H.sub.pre
(50) Where Hcomb is the characteristic of the combined filter, H is the characteristic of the re-sampling filter, Hpre is the characteristic of the pre-emphasis filter and operator “*” is the convolution operator.
(51) There are many possible kinds of pre-emphasis filters which can be used.
(52) An exemplary characteristic of the pre-emphasis filter is:
Hpre1=[−0.68,0,0,0,0,1.4624,0,0,0,0,−0.68].
(53) Another example of the characteristic of the pre-emphasis filter is:
Hpre2=[−0.68,1.4624,−0.68].
Hcomb1=H1*Hpre1
(54) Hcomb1 is e.g. a 137 order filter, which is also a zero phase filter having a characteristic as shown in
(55) The method and apparatus for providing signal processing coefficients can reduce the re-sampling filter delay caused by the re-sampling filter 5 which is usually introduced sequentially in the auto-correlation/correlation/covariance computation. The method and apparatus for providing signal processing coefficients can be applied for different sampling frequencies, for instance wideband WB (50-7,000 Hz) with a 16 kHz sampling frequency or super wideband SWB (50-14,000 Hz) with a 32 kHz sampling frequency or full band FB with a sampling frequency of 48 kHz. The method for providing signal processing coefficients can be applied also to other signal processing involving the computation of an auto-correlation or covariance function. In a possible implementation the processing involving the computation of correlation/covariance can be performed in a downsampled domain. For instance, an open loop pitch search which is also a step in the CELP codec can be performed on the original signal and not on the downsampled signal.
(56)
(57)
(58) The processing of the signal processing device 1 can be performed by hardwired units or by using corresponding signal processing programs. The method for providing signal processing coefficients for processing the input signal S1 can be implemented by a signal processing program comprising corresponding instructions for processing the signal as well. Such a program for providing signal processing coefficients can be stored in a program memory or a data carrier. The configuration parameters such as the configurable re-sampling factor employed by the re-sampling unit 2B can be configured by means of a configuration interface of the signal processing device 1.