Tool for crushing coke in drums by means of high-pressure water jets

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool for crushing coke in drums with of high-pressure water jets, which has a housing 2 with a feed system 4 for high-pressure water, and a housing wall 3 with outwardly directed boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b, out of the openings 7 of which high-pressure water jets 28 exit, as well as flow channels 4g, 4h, which connect the feed system 4 with the boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b. So that the opening of the boring and cutting nozzles is permanently protected and kept free of deposits of coke or the like, the opening of the boring or cutting nozzle is respectively closable by a one- or multi-part flap, which is adjustable between a closed position and an open position.

Claims

1. A tool for crushing coke in drums by means of high-pressure water jets, which has a housing (2) with a feed system (4) for high-pressure water and a housing wall (3) with outwardly directed boring and cutting nozzles (5a, 5b), out of the openings (7) of which high-pressure water jets (28) exit as well as flow channels (4g, 4h), which connect the feed system (4) with the boring and cutting nozzles (5a, 5b), wherein the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) is closable respectively with a flap (8), which is adjustable between a closed position and an open position.

2. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the flap (8) is attached on one end of a nozzle channel (5d) next to the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) respectively with a swivel joint (11) on the housing (2) of the tool (1).

3. The tool according to claim 2, further comprising a spring (13), which causes the pivot movement of the flap (8) from the open position to the closed position and holds the flap (8) in the inactive phase of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) in its closed position.

4. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) and the flap (8) are arranged on a nozzle flange (22) fastened on the housing (2).

5. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) is surrounded outside on the housing (2) of the tool (1) by a collar (14), which has an upper gap (16) on its top side (15), in which an upper end (9) of the flap (8) is arranged with a swivel joint (11).

6. The tool according to claim 5, wherein the swivel joint (11) comprises a pin (18) bridging the upper gap (16) and anchored in upper collar ends (14a, 14b) on both sides of the upper gap (16) as the rotational axis and a corresponding bearing bore (19) in the upper end of the flap (8), with which the pin (18) forms the swivel joint (11).

7. The tool according to claim 5, wherein the collar (14) has on its bottom end a second lower gap (17) lying opposite the first upper gap, into which a bottom end (10) of the flap (8) pivots when the flap (8) assumes its closed position.

8. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the flap (8) has a level, circular projection (25) on its inside (20), which in the closed position abuts against a projection (24) of the boring or cutting nozzles (5a, 5b) surrounding the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b), wherein the projection (24) has a bearing surface (21) complementary to a bearing surface of the projection (25).

9. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the flap (8) is designed in multiple parts and comprises opposite-lying respectively pivotingly mounted wings (8a, 8b), which close the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) in the closed position like rotatable gate wings when they are adjacent to each other in a plane vertical to a nozzle channel (5d) and release the opening (7) in that they are respectively rotated to the outside in a pivoting manner.

10. The tool according to claim 9, wherein the wings (8a, 8b) are arranged in a rectangular recess (26) of a protective cap (29) attached in the area of the opening (7).

11. The tool according to claim 10, wherein the width of the recess (26) is selected larger than the diameter of the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) such that behind a ledge (33) receiving areas (34) are formed for the wings (8a, 8b).

12. The tool according to claim 10 wherein the wings (8a, 8b) are mounted opposite each other in a rotary manner with parallel rotational axes in the recess (26) respectively by means of a pin (18).

13. The tool according to claim 9, wherein the wings (8a, 8b) in the inactive phase of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) are pressed into the closed position by means of torsion springs (36) and in the active phase of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) are pivoted and held in the open position by the high-pressure water jet against the spring effect, in which they release the opening (7) of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b).

14. The tool according to claim 9, wherein narrow sides (37a, 37b) of the wings facing each other in the closed position of the boring or cutting nozzle (5a, 5b) are designed respectively rounded on one edge (38a, 38b) for pivoting the wings (8a, 8b) into the closed position.

15. A method for operating a tool for crushing coke in drums by means of high-pressure water jets, wherein the method is performed with a tool (1) according to claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below based on the drawings. The drawings show:

(2) FIG. 1 a representation of a tool in boring mode as a longitudinal sectional view along the cutting line A-C of FIG. 3;

(3) FIG. 2 a longitudinal sectional view of the tool as in FIG. 1, but in cutting mode;

(4) FIG. 3 a cross-sectional view of a bottom part of the tool of FIG. 1 in boring mode along the cutting line D-E of FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 4 a perspective view of a bottom part of the tool of FIGS. 1 and 3 in boring mode;

(6) FIG. 5 a perspective view of the bottom part of the tool as in FIG. 4, but here in cutting mode;

(7) FIG. 6 a top view of a cutting nozzle of the tool in boring mode;

(8) FIG. 7 a side view of the cutting nozzle from FIG. 6, partially as a sectional view;

(9) FIG. 8 a top view of the cutting nozzle of FIGS. 6 and 7 in cutting mode;

(10) FIG. 9 a side view of the cutting nozzle from FIG. 8, partially as a sectional view;

(11) FIG. 10 a top view of a boring nozzle of the tool with a spring in cutting mode;

(12) FIG. 11 a top view of the boring nozzle of FIG. 10;

(13) FIG. 12 a side view of the boring nozzle of FIGS. 10 and 11;

(14) FIG. 13 a view of the boring nozzle as in FIG. 12, but here as a sectional view;

(15) FIG. 14 a perspective view of a bottom part of the tool with boring and cutting nozzles respectively with a multi-part flap in boring mode;

(16) FIG. 14a a perspective view of a cutting nozzle with a multi-part flap in a closed position;

(17) FIG. 15 a perspective view of a bottom part of the tool as in FIG. 14, but here in the cutting mode of the tool with a multi-part flap;

(18) FIG. 15a a perspective view of a cutting nozzle with a multi part flap in an open position;

(19) FIG. 16a a sectional view of a cutting nozzle provided with a multi-part flap in a closed position;

(20) FIG. 16b a side view of the cutting nozzle of FIG. 16a with a multi-part flap also in the closed position;

(21) FIG. 16c a top view of the cutting nozzle of FIGS. 16a and 16b with a multi-part flap in a closed position;

(22) FIG. 17a a top view of a cutting nozzle as in FIG. 16c, but here in an open position;

(23) FIG. 17b a side view of a cutting nozzle with a multi-part flap as in FIG. 17a also in an open position;

(24) FIG. 17c a longitudinal sectional view of the cutting nozzle shown in FIGS. 17a and 17b with a multi-part flap in an open position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(25) FIGS. 1-3 show a tool 1 for performing a “decoking” process. The tool 1 is fastened with a flange is and screws 1b on a boring rod (not shown), which is connected with a high-pressure water source (also not shown) in a known manner.

(26) The tool 1 has a housing 2 with a housing wall 3, on the bottom side of which a bottom part 3b is fastened by means of screws 3c. A base plate 3d is attached to it via three bars 3f by means of screws 3e as bottom closure of the tool 1.

(27) A feed system 4 for high-pressure water has an upper feed channel 4a, through which high-pressure water flows in past a switching device 4b through a control device 4c as well as through a valve device 4d to channel openings 4f, which are alternatingly closed and opened by valve bodies 4e. The switching device 4b switches the control device 4c depending on a changeover pressure from a boring mode to a cutting mode and vice versa so that the channel openings 4f of channels 4g, 4h leading to cutting nozzles 5b and to boring nozzles 5a are closed or respectively opened alternatingly by the valve bodies 4e. The switching device 4b is known as well as the control device 4c with the valve device 4d, which shifts the valve bodies 4e over the channel openings 4f for closing or respectively opening them so that the representations for this are not described in further detail.

(28) Cutting nozzles 5b that do not protrude over the housing wall 3 each engage in receiving openings 3a in the middle part of the housing wall 3 with a rectifier 5, the openings 7 of the cutting nozzles 5b being closed by a flap 8. This flap is adjustable respectively from a closed position (FIG. 1) to an open position (FIG. 2), namely pivotable by a swivel joint 11, as will still be explained based on other figures.

(29) In the bottom part 3b of the housing 2, boring nozzles 5a engage in receiving openings 3a′, the opening 7 of which is also to be opened and closed by means of a pivotable flap 8. The tool 1 is in the boring mode (FIG. 1) when high-pressure water is supplied to the boring nozzles 5a via the channels 4h, which pivots the flaps 8 out of the closed position into the open position so that high-pressure water jets 28 exit the boring nozzles 5a and hold the flap 8 in the open position. If instead the channels 4h are closed and the channels 4g are open and high-pressure water is supplied, it flows through the channels 4g and the rectifiers 5 to the cutting nozzles 5b so that the flap 8 located in the closed position of each cutting nozzle 5b is pivoted out of the closed position into the open position and a high-pressure water jet 28 (FIG. 9) exits the opening 7 of each cutting nozzle 5b and holds the flap 8 in the open position. The tool 1 is now in cutting mode, from which it can be returned to boring mode as needed. When the tool 1 is idle, the flaps 8 of the boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b are closed.

(30) FIGS. 4 and 5 each show the bottom part 3b of the housing 2 of the tool 1. In FIG. 4, the tool 1 is in boring mode, where a high-pressure water jet 28 (FIG. 9) exits the opening 7 in the boring nozzle 5a opened by the flap 8, while the cutting nozzle 5b is closed by the flap 8. However, in FIG. 5, the tool 1 is in cutting mode so that the flap 8 of the cutting nozzle 5b is pivoted into the open position and has opened the opening 7 of the cutting nozzle 5b for the discharge of a high-pressure water jet 28, while the boring nozzle 5a is inactive, namely closed by the flap 8.

(31) A cutting nozzle 5b with a larger dimension is shown in FIGS. 6-9. It generally comprises a nozzle housing 5c and a nozzle flange 22 formed on the front end of the cutting nozzle 5b, which is fastened in the receiving opening 3a of the housing wall 3 by means of screws 23 (FIGS. 4 and 5). In FIGS. 6 and 7, the cutting nozzle 5b is shown in the closed position of the flap 8, while the FIGS. 8 and 9 show the same cutting nozzle 5b in the open position of the flap 8. The cutting nozzle 5b comprises in addition to the nozzle housing 5c a projection 24, in which the opening 7 of the cutting nozzle 5b is located, which is closable with the flap 8 in its shown closed position. A nozzle channel 5d tapering from the inside towards the outside extends through the nozzle housing 5c with the opening 7 on its outer end.

(32) The opening 7 of the cutting nozzle 5b is surrounded by a collar 14 protruding from the projection 24 of the cutting nozzle 5b, the collar 14 presenting an upper gap 16 on its upper end, to which are adjacent upper collar ends 14a, 14b. Diametrically opposed is a lower gap 17 of the collar 14 with corresponding lower collar ends 14c, 14d.

(33) In the upper gap 16 of the collar 14, a swivel joint 11 is arranged, which consists of a pin 18 as a rotary axis bridging the upper gap 16 of the collar 14 and anchored in the upper collar ends 14a, 14b on both sides of the upper gap 16 of the collar 14 and a corresponding bearing bore 19 in the upper end of the flap 8. Alternatively, the bearing bores 19 can also be arranged in the upper collar ends 14a, 14b and the pin 18 itself in the upper end of the flap 8 for formation of the swivel joint 11. In this manner, as shown in FIGS. 6 through 9, the flap 8 can be pivoted by the swivel joint 11 out of the closed position (FIGS. 6 and 7) into the open position (FIGS. 8 and 9) and vice versa out of the open position back into the closed position. In the closed position, the flap 8 lies with an inner projection 25, which has a smooth-surfaced and circular closing surface 20 on the inside, on a complementary bearing surface 21 of a recess 26 in the projection 24 of the cutting nozzle 5b, as the drawing shows.

(34) A preferred further embodiment of the nozzles is shown in FIGS. 10 through 13, wherein it concerns a boring nozzle 5a, the design of which however also generally applies for cutting nozzles 5b—except for slight differences like differently designed nozzle channels 5d. The further embodiment consists in the arrangement of a spring 13—designed as a leg spring in the present example—for pivoting the flap 8 from the open position into the closed position. The spring 13 is, as the drawings show, attached in a recess 27 on the upper end 9 of the flap 8 such that the spring legs push the flap 8 into the closed position and hold it there when the respective nozzle, here the boring nozzle 5a, is inactive. The flap 8 is designed like a fork at the upper end due to the recess 27. Otherwise, the design of this boring nozzle 5a corresponds with the nozzle designs described above, in particular those according to FIGS. 6 through 9, so that a further description is not required.

(35) The operating mode of tool 1 and the method performable with the tool 1 are as follows:

(36) As soon as the tool 1 is lowered into a drum (not shown here) filled with coke with the rotating boring rod (also not shown) and the coke quantity is reached in the drum, high-pressure water is fed to the boring nozzles 5a on the bottom side of the tool 1 via the flow channels 4h. The high-pressure water flows through the opening 7 of each boring nozzle 5a and pushes the flap 8 held by the spring 13 in the closed position out of its closed position and pivots it into the open position, so that a high-pressure water jet exits the boring nozzle 5a and the coke is crushed and a vertical central opening or respectively a corresponding channel can be cleared through the mass of coke. During this step of the method, the flap 8 is held in the open position by the high-pressure water jet 28 exiting the boring nozzle 5a, and the flaps 8 of the cutting nozzles 5b are held in the closed position by their springs 13. This position corresponds with the representations in FIGS. 6 and 7.

(37) As soon as the central, vertical opening or respectively the channel in the coke mass of the drum is cleared out, the pressurized water infeed stops so that the boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b are closed by the flaps 8. The tool 1 is now raised upwards through the opening with the boring rod. In the upper position of the tool 1, the crushing and clearing out of the coke begins via the drum cross-section, wherein the tool 1 hanging on the rotating boring rod travels a spiral path downwards. For this section, high-pressure water is fed to the cutting nozzles 5b so that their flaps 8 are pivoted out of the closed position into the open position against the pressure of their springs 13 and high-pressure water jets 28 can freely exit the cutting nozzles 5b wherein the flaps 8 are held in their open position by the high-pressure water jets 28. While the tool 1 is in this cutting mode, the boring nozzles 5a are not activated so that their openings 7 are closed by the flaps 8, which are spring pressurized.

(38) As soon as the coke in the drum is completely crushed and discharged in this second process step, the pressurized water infeed is stopped completely so that the openings 7 in the boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b are closed and protected by the flaps 8, which are spring pressurized.

(39) FIG. 14-17c show an important further embodiment of the design of the tool 1 described above. It is characterized in that the flap 8 for closing and releasing the opening 7 of the respective boring or cutting nozzle 5a, 5b is designed in multiple parts, is namely replaced by two wings 8a, 8b, which work together to assume the function of the one-part flap 8 described above. The division of the flap 8 into two opposite-lying, respectively pivotingly mounted wings 8a, 8b, which close the opening 7 of the boring or cutting nozzle 5a, 5b like rotatable gate wings in the closed position and release the opening 7 when pivoted to the outside, causes structural differences with respect to the exemplary embodiment described above, which will be explained below with reference to FIG. 14-17c:

(40) FIGS. 14 and 15 correspond mainly with the representations in FIGS. 4 and 5 and show the bottom part 2 of the tool 1 with the housing wall 3 with the wings 8a, 8b for closing or releasing the opening 7 of the boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b while the remaining structure of the tool 1 corresponds with the design described above.

(41) Because the area of the wings 8a, 8b of the boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b in FIG. 14, where the boring mode of the tool 1 is shown, and also in FIG. 15, where the cutting mode of the tool 1 is shown, can only be shown more schematically, FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are enhanced by the drawings of the cutting nozzle 5b in FIG. 14a in boring mode and in FIG. 15a in cutting mode. This makes it easier to understand that the wings 8a, 8b of the cutting nozzle 5b are in the closed position in FIG. 14a and close the opening 7 of the cutting nozzle 5b (not shown)—because the tool 1 is in boring mode—while the boring nozzles 5a arranged on the bottom part 3b of the tool 1 are active, for which the openings 7 of the boring nozzles 8a are released for the exit of the high-pressure water jets in that the wings 8a, 8b are pivoted to the outside into the open position. For the sake of better clarify of the drawing, FIG. 14 only shows the wings 8a and the wings 8b are left out. In contrast, FIG. 15 and above all FIG. 15a, where the tool 1 is in cutting mode, shows both respectively outwardly pivoted wings 8a, 8b and also the thereby released opening 7 of the shown cutting nozzle 5b. In contrast, the wings 8a, 8b of the boring nozzles 5a are held in the closed position.

(42) It results from FIGS. 16a-17c that for this design a protective cap 29 is used for the multi-part flap through use of two rotatably mounted wings 8a, 8b, which has several openings 30 for receiving screws 31 for fastening the protective cap 29 on a nozzle flange 22′, which is in turn fastened on the housing wall 3 or respectively engages in it by means of screws 23′.

(43) In the centered position of the protective cap 29, a recess 32 that is rectangular in cross-section (FIG. 16c) is located on its top side, in which the wings 8a, 8b with parallel rotational axes lie opposite each other in a rotary manner on pins 35, as the drawing shows. At the transition of the opening 7 to the recess 32, a ledge 33 is formed, to which receiving areas 34 connect to form the recess 32 and to receive the wings 8a, 8b.

(44) The wings 8a, 8b are pressed respectively into their closed position by a torsion spring 36, for which their facing narrow sides 37a, 37b are rounded above all on the upper edges 38a, 38b visible in FIG. 16a. Through this design, the wings 8a, 8b can be pivoted from the open position, which is shown in FIGS. 17a, 17b and 17c, to the closed position shown in FIGS. 16a, 16b and 16c by the force of the torsion spring 36, in which they securely close the opening 7. As the drawings show, the size of the recess 32 is set to the width of the wings 8a, 8b such that the wings 8a, 8b are generally arranged in a protected manner in the protective cap 29 and also do not protrude to the outside in the open position (FIG. 17c).

(45) The described design of the multi-part flap or respectively of the wings 8a, 8b that work together applies the same to boring and cutting nozzles 5a, 5b.

(46) The transition from the closed position to the open position and vice verse is performed in this embodiment analogously to the first exemplary embodiment described above with a one-part flap 8. If e.g. the boring nozzles 5a are closed in the cutting mode, the wings 8a, 8b, as shown e.g. in FIGS. 16a, 16b and 16c, are pivoted to the inside under spring pressure so that the opening 7 is closed and thus protected. During the transition from the cutting mode to the boring mode, the wings 8a, 8b are pivoted to the outside to the open position shown in FIGS. 17a, 17b and 17c against the spring pressure by the high-pressure water flowing through the nozzle channel 5d′ so that a high-pressure water jet 28′ can exit unhindered from the released opening 7 and holds the wings 8a, 8b in the open position due to force of the jet. Previously, the wings 8a, 8b of the boring nozzles 5a already assumed their closed position through pivoting from the open position (not shown).

(47) A more detailed description of the function and the thereby resulting procedural method is not necessary in light of the comprehensive explanations for the first exemplary embodiment.

(48) The above description of the exemplary embodiments simultaneously illustrates examples of the nozzle according to the invention and of the method according to the invention.