OPTICAL TRANSMITTER AND OPTICAL TRANSCEIVER

Abstract

In order to provide an optical transmitter in which a temperature sensor does not need to be separately provided, and further, size reduction can be made, in the present invention, a detection circuit detecting output fluctuation due to temperature dependency of a transmission driver is provided in an optical transmitter including at least one of the transmission driver.

Claims

1. An optical transmitter comprising at least one transmission driver, wherein a detection circuit that detects output fluctuation due to temperature dependency of the transmission driver is provided.

2. The optical transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the detection circuit is an amplitude detector of the transmission driver.

3. The optical transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the detection circuit is a current detector of the transmission driver.

4. The optical transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the detection circuit is an output waveform adjuster of the transmission driver.

5. The optical transmitter according to claim 1, further comprising a controller, wherein the controller converts output of the detection circuit into a temperature of the transmission driver.

6. The optical transmitter according to claim 5, wherein approximation of a polynomial whose variable is a temperature is used in conversion of output of the amplitude detector into a temperature data.

7. The optical transmitter according to claim 1, wherein, when a plurality of the transmission drivers exist, an average value of detected values of the detection circuits provided for the respective transmission drivers is regarded as a temperature of the plurality of drivers.

8. The optical transmitter according to claim 5, wherein an amplitude detection range is set in the controller so that when a detected value of the amplitude detector is lower than a lower limit of the range, it is determined that an input signal to the transmission driver does not exist, and temperature data of the driver at a time of latest reception of an input signal are held.

9. The optical transmitter according to claim 2, wherein a first amplitude detector is provided at a prior stage of the transmission driver, a second amplitude detector is provided at a subsequent stage of the transmission driver, and a difference between detected values of the first and second amplitude detectors is taken to derive gain of the driver.

10. An optical transceiver comprising a receiver that receives optical input, in addition to the optical transmitter according to claim 1.

11. The optical transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the transmission driver performs a limiting type of operation in which output amplitude does not fluctuate in relation to amplitude of an input signal.

12. The optical transmitter according to claim 1, further including a wavelength-variable light source and a modulator, wherein the modulator modulates output of the wavelength-variable light source by output of the transmission driver to perform optical output.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an optical transmitter according to a first example embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an optical transceiver according to a second example embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an optical transceiver according to a third example embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an optical transceiver according to a fourth example embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an optical transceiver according to a fifth example embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an optical transceiver in the background art.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

1st Example Embodiment

[0032] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration according to a first example embodiment of the present invention. This is an optical transmitter including a transmission driver 100. A detector 200 detecting output fluctuation due to temperature dependency of the driver 100 is provided. An electric input signal from a host side is amplified, and a signal suitable for a modulation format of the optical transmitter is output to a modulator 40. The detector 200 is provided at a driver output, and outputs to a controller 50 a signal proportional to output signal amplitude. An original role of the detector is to monitor driver output and perform malfunction detection or the like, and this role continues to be used without change, also in the present example embodiment.

[0033] At the modulator 40, light source output of a light source 30 is input, modulation is performed by a signal of the driver 100, and a signal is output from an optical output port. At the controller 50, a function of performing control and state monitoring of devices mounted inside the optical transmitter is provided, and bidirectional transmission and reception of signals is performed with the host side.

[0034] Output of the driver fluctuates depending on a temperature. For example, on the assumption that a field effect transistor (FET) is used as the driver, trans conductance gm of the FET generally has a temperature property of lowering at a high temperature. Further, under a condition that a voltage between a gate and a source of the FET is constant, a threshold voltage Vt has a temperature property, and in addition, a drain current has a temperature property. The output thus having the temperature properties is detected so that from the output, a temperature can be calculated backward. Further, as the detector, a detector originally incorporated in the transmission driver is used. Examples of the detector include an amplitude detector, a current detector, and the like. These originally include a function of detecting fluctuation in amplitude and a current and feeding the fluctuation back to the controller 50 so that the driver 100 is controlled to be in a normal range. In the present example embodiment, while this original function is made to work without change, the above-described temperature detection is performed. For this reason, a dedicated temperature sensor is unnecessary, size reduction can be made, and further, high accuracy can be attained. The directions of the arrows in FIG. 1 represent one example, and do not limit directions of signals between blocks.

2nd Example Embodiment

Configuration of Example Embodiment

[0035] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an optical transceiver according to a second example embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] A driver 101 is a modulator driver configured by four channels, and amplifies electric input signals from a host side, and outputs, to a modulator 4, signals suitable for a modulation format of a transmitter. An amplitude detector 102 is provided at an output of each channel of the driver 101, and outputs to the controller 5 a signal proportional to output signal amplitude. An original role of the amplitude detection function is to monitor amplitude of driver output and perform malfunction detection or the like, and this role continues to be used without change, also in the present example embodiment.

[0037] At the modulator 4, light source output of a wavelength-variable light source 3 is input, and modulation is performed by signals of the driver 101, and a signal is output from an optical output port. A coherent receiver 2 performs coherent wave detection on a signal from an optical input port, using single oscillation light from the wavelength-variable light source 3 to convert the signal into electric signals, and outputs the electric signals to the host side. At the controller 5, a function of performing control and state monitoring of devices mounted inside the transceiver is provided, and bidirectional transmission and reception of signals is performed with the host side.

[0038] A temperature sensor 601 is a temperature sensor for monitoring an internal temperature of the transceiver, and includes a function of notifying the controller 5 of a temperature monitored value.

Description of Operation in Example Embodiment

[0039] With reference to FIG. 2, operation of the present example embodiment is described.

[0040] The driver 101 in FIG. 2 is adapted to a broadband and to high-output amplitude, and includes at an output stage a widely-used configuration of a cascode type of distributed constant amplifier for which a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT: a high electron mobility field-effect transistor) process is used as in NPLs 1 and 2. Meanwhile, since mobility of electrons that are carriers has a property of lowering at a high temperature, transconductance gm of the FET has temperature dependency, and for this reason, lowers at a high temperature as well. Since gain of the driver is in proportional to gm, the driver has a property that the gain similarly lowers at a high temperature. Under a condition that input signal amplitude is constant, when a temperature of a case of the transceiver changes, and temperature fluctuation occurs at the FET of the driver, amplitude of driver output fluctuates. In the present example embodiment, attention is focused on the matter that the amplitude detector has a temperature property, this temperature property is used in temperature measurement of the driver.

[0041] When a relation between output amplitude and a temperature of the driver is approximated by a polynomial whose variable is a temperature, “A(T)=A.sub.o+A.sub.1T+A.sub.2T.sup.2+ . . . ” is established. Here, A(T) is output amplitude of the driver, A.sub.o is a temperature coefficient at 0° C., A.sub.1 is a primary temperature coefficient, A.sub.2 is a secondary temperature coefficient, and T is a temperature of the driver. This relation between amplitude and a temperature means that a temperature property can be measured by only the driver. A curve of output voltage amplitude in relation to a temperature is measured, and fitting between this curve and the approximate equation A(T) is made to determine A.sub.o, A.sub.1, A.sub.2, . . . , in advance. When high accuracy is necessary, the fitting is made up to a coefficient of high order.

[0042] Next, on the assumption that an amplitude detected value is V.sub.det, and output amplitude is A(T), a signal detected by the amplitude detector 102 is expressed by V.sub.det=a+bA(T). Here, a is an offset of a detection circuit, and b is gain of the detection circuit. A signal having a temperature property of V.sub.det=a+b(A.sub.o+A.sub.1T+A.sub.2T.sup.2+ . . . ) is input to the controller 5 so that a driver temperature T can be calculated since V.sub.det, a, b, A.sub.o, A.sub.1, A.sub.2, . . . are known.

[0043] Further, as the driver used in the present example embodiment, the four channels are mounted. An average value of these four detected values is taken as an amplitude detected value, and is regarded as a monitored value of a driver temperature. As another option, the maximum value of the four detected values can be taken, and can be regarded as a monitored value of a driver temperature to enable temperature detection which does not depend on a positional relation between the driver and an external temperature sensor in the case of using the external temperature sensor. Furthermore, for adaptation to a signal format such as BPSK, the driver 101 includes an output disabling function of blocking an output signal of each channel in each driver. In other words, in the present example embodiment, the drivers exist as the four channels, and in the case of QPSK, correspond to the respective channels. However, since BPSK concerns two channels, output of the two surplus channels is disabled. Although other control signals are output from the controller 5 to the driver 101, FIG. 2 illustrates only the output disabling function.

[0044] In order to disable output, for example, there is a method of blocking a drain voltage of the FET of the driver so that in an output disabled state, output amplitude detection is impossible, and heat generation of the driver does not occur. Operation for the disabling is made via the controller 5 from the host side. When driver output is disabled, the controller 5 invalidates the monitoring of a driver temperature based on amplitude detected values of the channels concerned, and calculates a monitored value of a driver temperature on the basis of amplitude detected values of the drivers of an enabled state. When all of the channels are disabled, the driver is not a heat source, a temperature is determined by the surrounding and other heating elements, and for this reason, the temperature sensor 601 is used for monitoring a temperature of the driver. An internal temperature difference between this temperature sensor 601 and the driver is measured in advance, and is recorded in the controller so that a temperature monitored value of the driver can be calculated. The directions of the arrows in FIG. 2 represent one example, and do not limit directions of signals between blocks.

[0045] When an input signal is disabled, although output amplitude is not generated, the driver itself generates heat since a drain voltage is applied to the FET of the driver. For this reason, it becomes difficult for the amplitude detection function to monitor a driver temperature. In this case, an amplitude detection range is regulated, and when a detected value of output amplitude is lower than a lower limit value, the controller 5 determines a state as a signal disabled one, and holds a monitored value of a driver temperature at the time of the latest reception of an input signal to thereby perform temperature monitoring and make notification to the host side.

[0046] In the present example embodiment, assumed operation is a limiting type in which output amplitude does not fluctuate in relation to input signal amplitude of the driver.

Effect of Example Embodiment

[0047] In the present example embodiment, the incorporated controller uses the amplitude detection function incorporated in the transmission driver, detects a temperature property of the amplitude detection function caused by temperature dependency of the FET constituting the driver, and performs temperature monitoring of the driver. For this reason, a dedicated temperature sensor is unnecessary, a size of the optical transceiver can be reduced, and further, high accuracy can be attained.

3rd Example Embodiment

[0048] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an optical transceiver according to a third example embodiment of the present invention. The present example embodiment is an example adapted to a linear type of driver in which output amplitude is output in a proportional relation with input signal amplitude. In the driver 111, a second amplitude detector 113 is mounted at a prior stage of an amplifier. A first amplitude detector 112 is mounted at a subsequent stage of the amplifier, and a controller 511 calculates a difference between an amplitude detected value of the first amplitude detector 112 and an amplitude detected value of the second amplitude detector 113 to thereby derive gain of the amplifier. A temperature property of this gain is similar to the first example embodiment, and the temperature property of the gain is calculated backward, and a temperature monitoring of the driver is performed.

4th Example Embodiment

[0049] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration according to a fourth example embodiment of the present invention, and is an example in which a current detector 122 is arranged at a drain of an FET constituting a driver in a driver 121. The current detector 122 is concretely a current detection resistance. The current detector 122 monitors whether or not a bias current is within an appropriate range. In the present example embodiment, this function continues to be used without change.

[0050] As described above, trans conductance gm of the FET generally has a temperature property of lowering at a high temperature. Further, under a condition that a voltage between a gate and a source of the FET is constant, a threshold voltage Vt has a temperature property, and in addition, a drain current has a temperature property. Similarly to gain of the driver, the temperature property of a drain current is used so that a monitored value of a drain current is input to a controller 521, a temperature is calculated from the drain current, and a temperature monitoring of the driver is performed.

[0051] In the present example embodiment, a current value detection function originally incorporated in the transmission driver is used so that a temperature property of the current value detection function caused by temperature dependency of a drain current of the FET constituting the driver is detected, and the incorporated controller is used to perform temperature monitoring of the driver. For this reason, a dedicated temperature sensor is unnecessary, size reduction can be made, and further, high accuracy can be attained.

5th Example Embodiment

[0052] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration according to a fifth example embodiment of the present invention, and an output waveform adjuster 422 is arranged at a drain of the FET constituting the driver in the driver 121. The output waveform adjuster 422 includes a function of adjusting an output waveform having generated distortion or bluntness. An output waveform changes depending on a temperature. A relation between a waveform and a temperature are examined in advance, and similarly to the first to fourth example embodiments, a temperature is calculated from an output waveform to perform temperature monitoring of the driver. In the present example embodiment, a dedicated temperature sensor is unnecessary, size reduction can be made, and further, high accuracy can be attained.

[0053] The directions of the arrows in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 represent one example, and do not limit directions of signals between blocks.

[0054] A part or all of the above-described example embodiments can be described as in the following supplementary notes without being limited to the following.

(Supplementary Note 1)

[0055] An optical transmitter including at least one transmission driver, wherein a detection circuit detecting output fluctuation due to temperature dependency of the transmission driver is provided.

(Supplementary Note 2)

[0056] The optical transmitter according to the supplementary note 1, wherein the detection circuit is an amplitude detector of the transmission driver.

(Supplementary Note 3)

[0057] The optical transmitter according to the supplementary note 1, wherein the detection circuit is a current detector of the transmission driver.

(Supplementary Note 4)

[0058] The optical transmitter according to the supplementary note 1, wherein the detection circuit is an output waveform adjuster of the transmission driver.

(Supplementary Note 5)

[0059] The optical transmitter according to any one of the supplementary notes 1 to 4, further including a controller, wherein the controller converts output of the detection circuit into a temperature of the transmission driver.

(Supplementary Note 6)

[0060] The optical transmitter according to the supplementary note 5, wherein approximation of a polynomial whose variable is a temperature is used in conversion of output of the amplitude detector into a temperature.

(Supplementary Note 7)

[0061] The optical transmitter according to any one of the supplementary notes 1 to 6, wherein when a plurality of the transmission drivers exist, an average value of detected values of the detection circuits provided for the respective transmission drivers is regarded as a temperature of the plurality of drivers.

(Supplementary Note 8)

[0062] The optical transmitter according to any one of the supplementary notes 5 to 7, wherein an amplitude detection range is set in the controller so that when a detected value of the amplitude detector is lower than a lower limit of the range, it is determined that an input signal to the transmission driver does not exist, and temperature data of the driver at the time of the latest reception of an input signal is held.

(Supplementary Note 9)

[0063] The optical transmitter according to any one of the supplementary notes 1 to 8, wherein the transmission driver performs a limiting type of operation in which output amplitude does not fluctuate in relation to amplitude of an input signal.

(Supplementary Note 10)

[0064] The optical transmitter according to any one of the supplementary notes 2 to 9, wherein a first amplitude detector is provided at a prior stage of the transmission driver, a second amplitude detector is provided at a subsequent stage of the transmission driver, and a difference between detected values of the first and second amplitude detectors is taken to derive gain of the driver.

(Supplementary Note 11)

[0065] The optical transmitter according to any one of the supplementary notes 1 to 10, further including a wavelength-variable light source and a modulator, wherein the modulator modulates output of the wavelength-variable light source by output of the transmission driver to perform optical output.

(Supplementary Note 12)

[0066] An optical transceiver wherein a receiver receiving optical input is added to the optical transmitter according to any one of the supplementary notes 1 to 11.

[0067] In the above, the above-described example embodiments are cited as model examples to describe the present invention. The present invention is however not limited to the above-described example embodiments. In other words, in the present invention, various configurations that can be understood by a person skilled in the art can be applied within the scope of the present invention.

[0068] The present application claims priority based on Japanese patent application No. 2014-206950 filed on Oct. 8, 2014, of which entire disclosure is incorporated herein.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0069] The present invention can be used in a CFP2 optical transceiver, a small long-range coherent transceiver, or the like.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0070] 41, 100, 101, 121 Driver [0071] 2 Coherent receiver [0072] 3 Wavelength-variable light source [0073] 30 Light source [0074] 4, 40 Modulator [0075] 5, 50, 511 Controller [0076] 46, 601 Temperature sensor [0077] 102 Amplitude detector [0078] 112 First amplitude detector [0079] 113 Second amplitude detector [0080] 122 Current detector [0081] 200 Detector [0082] 422 Output waveform adjuster