ONLINE MEASURING METHOD OF PARTICLE VELOCITY IN MULTIPHASE SYSTEM

Abstract

The present invention provides an online measuring method of particle (such as bubbles, droplets and solid particles) velocity in multiphase reactor. The method based on an online multiphase measuring instrument includes the following steps: (1) the online multiphase measuring instrument is placed into the multiphase reactor, and then a particle image produced by two or more exposures are obtained; (2) the actual size of individual pixel in the particle image is determined; (3) valid particles are determined in the depth of field; (4) then the centroid coordinates are conversed to the actual length of the coordinates (x.sub.t,i, y.sub.t,i) and (x.sub.t+Δt,i, y.sub.t+Δt,i) using the actual size of individual pixel. Thus, the instantaneous velocity of particles can be calculated by

[00001]$V_i=\sqrt{\frac{{\left(x_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-x_{t,i}\right)}^2+{\left(y_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-y_{t,i}\right)}^2}{\Delta .Math..Math.t}}.$

The method can realize real-time measurement of the velocity distribution of bubbles, droplets or solid particles in a multiphase reactor, and the measurement accuracy is high.

Claims

1. An online measuring method of particle velocity in a multiphase system, based on an online multiphase measuring instrument comprising: a package tube; a viewport, sealedly installed at the front end of the package tube; an illumination system for illuminating multiphase flow, including LED lamps and a brightness-adjustable light source connected with the LED lamps, which comprises a power supply, a signal generator and an oscilloscope; a photographic system for taking pictures, including a telecentric lens and an image sensor; a controller connected with the signal generator and the image sensor; a signal processing and outputting system connected with the image sensor; a display system connected with the signal processing and outputting system; the LED lamps, the telecentric lens and the image sensor are located in the package tube and the exposure period of the image sensor is less than the pulse period of the signal generator, controlled by the controller; wherein the measuring method includes the following steps: (1) the online multiphase measuring instrument is placed in a multiphase system; the exposure time t.sub.1 of the image sensor and the pulse period t.sub.2 of the signal generator are controlled to meet the condition t.sub.1>2t.sub.2, and a double-exposure particle image is obtained; (2) the actual size of individual pixel in the image is determined; (3) valid particles are determined using the following steps: first, the focal plane position of the telecentric lens is determined; then, the object to be measured is respectively arranged on the front of the package tube, the l/2 positions ahead of or behind the focal plane, where l is the telecentric lens depth of field in mm; the object to be measured is photographed by the online multiphase measuring instrument, and the image of the object is obtained and the gray gradient Grad(Φ.sub.l/2) around the boundary of the measured object is determined, where  .sub.l/2 is the gray value at the ±l/2 positions ahead of or behind the focal plane; if Grad(Φ) is greater than or equal to Grad(Φ.sub.l/2), the particle is labeled as a valid one; and (4) the double-exposure image of the same valid particle is identified; the lower left corner of the particle image is set as coordinate origin; in accordance with the order “binarization, interception of part of the area and centroid extraction”, the centroid coordinates (m.sub.t,i, n.sub.t,) and (m.sub.t+Δt,i, n.sub.t+Δt,i) are read; then the centroid coordinates are conversed to the actual length of the coordinates (x.sub.t,i, y.sub.t,i) and (x.sub.t+Δt,i, y.sub.t+Δt,i) using the actual size of individual pixel obtained in step (2), so the instantaneous velocity of particles is calculated by: $V_i=\sqrt{\frac{{\left(x_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-x_{t,i}\right)}^2+{\left(y_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-y_{t,i}\right)}^2}{\Delta .Math..Math.t}},$ where Δt is the time interval between two exposures.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in Step (1), the exposure time of the image sensor is 2.7-3.0 times of the pulse period of the signal generator.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in Step (2), a graduated ruler with an accuracy of at least 0.1 mm is used to determine the actual size of individual pixel.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the double-exposure image of the same valid particle is identified by a particle matching algorithm in Step (4); a particle correlation algorithm is used to conduct time-matching of the particles in the particle matching algorithm.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the distribution of the average flow field of the particle velocity in the multiphase system is obtained by means of averaging of the instantaneous velocity based on a particle image containing at least 4000 particles for a period of time.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particle image in Step (1) is an image of anyone selected from the group consisting of bubbles, droplets or solid particles in a multiphase system, or a combination of at least two selected therefrom.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the work distance of the telecentric lens is 250-550 mm and the depth of field is 1-3.7 mm.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnification of the telecentric lens is 0.5-1 time.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the external diameter of the telecentric lens is 19-25 mm.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the image sensor is a CCD camera or a CMOS camera.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the exposure time of the CCD camera or CMOS camera is less than or equal to 1 ms; the resolution is 5-15 μm; the number of pixels in length and width is at least 800×600; the frame frequency is at least 60 fps.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the LED lamps is at least 12.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the LED lamps are evenly arranged circularly in the package tube; the LED lamps are linked with the brightness-adjustable light source through wires.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the package tube is composed of a front tube and a back tube with different diameters.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the external diameter of the front tube is 25-30 mm and the length is 300-600 mm; the external diameter of the back tube is 50 mm, and the length is 50 mm; and the material of the package tube is stainless steel.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the viewport, LED lamps and telecentric lens are packaged in the front tube; the viewport is arranged on the end of the front tube away from the back tube, followed by the LED lamps and telecentric lens and the image sensor is packaged in the back tube.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the viewport is made up of a piece of circular glass coated by antireflection film inside.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the signal generator and the image sensor are connected to the controller by a high-speed data line.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the display system comprises an LED screen.

20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing and outputting system, the controller and the display system are integrated into a computer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the structure of the immersion-type online multiphase measuring instrument provided in Example 1 according to the present invention.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 1, “1” is a viewport, “2” is LED lamps, “3” is a stainless steel package tube, “4” is a telecentric lens, “5” is a minisize fast speed CMOS camera, “6” is a brightness-adjustable light source, “7” is a wire, “8” is a USB3.0 data line, “9” is a fast speed image acquisition card, and “10” is a sampling computer.

[0054] FIG. 2 is a synchronization control mode of lighting flash and CCD camera provided in Example 1.

[0055] FIG. 3 is a double-exposure image of the liquid-solid system provided in Example 2.

[0056] FIG. 4 is a processed result of the double-exposure image in FIG. 3.

[0057] FIG. 5 is a velocity profile of the solid particle obtained by the measuring method of particle velocity in Example 2.

EMBODIMENTS

[0058] Further description of the technical scheme is as follows by specific examples combining with the drawings.

EXAMPLE 1

[0059] The online multiphase measuring instrument includes, as shown in FIG. 1: a stainless steel package tube 3; a viewport 1, sealedly installed at the front end of the stainless steel package tube 3;

[0060] an illumination system for illuminating multiphase flow, including LED lamps 2 and a brightness-adjustable light source connected with the LED lamps 2, which comprises a power supply, a signal generator and an oscilloscope;

[0061] a photographic system for taking pictures, including a telecentric lens 4 and an image sensor; the image sensor is a high speed CMOS camera 5;

[0062] a controller connected with the signal generator and the image sensor;

[0063] a signal processing and outputting system connected with the image sensor; and

[0064] a display system connected with the signal processing and outputting system.

[0065] The LED lamps, the telecentric lens and the image sensor are located in the stainless steel package tube, the brightness-adjustable light source, the controller, the signal processing and outputting system and the display system are located outside the stainless steel package tube, and the exposure period of the image sensor is less than the pulse period of the signal generator, controlled by the controller.

[0066] The signal processing and outputting system, the controller and the display system are integrated into a sampling computer 10.

[0067] Specifically, the first element is a viewport 1, which is a piece of circular sapphire glass coated by antireflection film. Twenty LED lamps 2 are arranged uniformly behind the viewport 1, which composes a ring. A telecentric lens 4 is installed behind the LED lamps 2, and the parameters are listed as: the magnification is 1; both vision fields of objects and images are φ8 mm; the work distance is 250 mm; the telecentricity is less than 0.1°; the depth of field is 2.1 mm; the resolution is 14.3 μm and the optical aberration is less than 0.12%. A work distance is between the outside surface of the viewport and the front side of the telecentric lens 4, in order to take sharp pictures. A standard C port connects the telecentric lens 4 to the high speed CMOS camera 5. Parameters of the CMOS camera 5 are that the resolution is 1280×1024, the colors are monochrome, the frame rate is 150 fps and a USB 3.0 is applied. The viewport 1, the LED lamps 2, the telecentric lens 4 and the high speed CMOS camera 5 are packaged inside the stainless steel package tube 3. A brightness-adjustable light source 6 is configured outside of the measuring instrument, connecting to the LED lamps 2 by a wire 7. The telecentric lens 4 connects to the sampling computer 10 by a USB3.0 data line 8, and the computer is equipped with high speed image acquisition card.

[0068] In order to obtain a clear image by such an instrument, the way to control the synchronization of LED lamps 2 flashing and CMOS camera 5 is shown in FIG. 2: opening source switch, then setting the intensity and period of pulse light by the light source driver; next, setting the exposure time, light balance, frame rate and gain to match the pulse period of the illumination signal and the exposure time of the image sensor (the exposure period of the image sensor is less than the pulse period of the signal generator) by the controller in computer. Thus, the synchronization of pulse light and image capturing is realized.

EXAMPLE 2

[0069] Velocity distribution of solid particles in liquid-solid system is measured by the online multiphase measuring instrument depicted in Example 1.

[0070] The experiment was carried out in an elliptical-bottom plexiglass stirred tank with an inner diameter of T=280 mm stirred by a six-leaf pitched-blade turbine with a diameter of D=T/3 with 4 standard baffles (the baffle width B=T/10). The turbine height off bottom is C=T/3. The impeller speed is 480 rpm. Static liquid height is H=1.2T. The average solid holdup (volume ratio) is 0.01. The measured points are at r=0.025, 0.045, 0.065, 0.085, 0.105, 0.125 m, and z=0.045, 0.090, 0.135, 0.180, 0.220, 0.260, 0.300 m.

[0071] The measuring method includes the following steps:

[0072] (1) the online multiphase measuring instrument is placed in a multiphase reactor; the exposure time t.sub.1 of the image sensor and the pulse period t.sub.2 of the signal generator are controlled to meet the condition t.sub.1>2t.sub.2, and a double-exposure particle image is obtained, as shown in FIG. 3;

[0073] (2) the actual size of individual pixel in the image is calibrated using a graduated ruler with an accuracy of 0.1 mm scale;

[0074] (3) valid particles are determined using the following steps: first, the focal plane position of the telecentric lens is determined; then, the object to be measured is respectively arranged on the front of the package tube, the l/2 positions ahead of or behind the focal plane, where l is the telecentric lens depth of field (mm); the object to be measured is photographed by the online multiphase measuring instrument, and the image of the object is obtained and the gray gradient Grad(Φ.sub.l/2) around the boundary of the object is determined, where Φ.sub.l/2 is the gray value at the ±l/2 positions ahead of or behind the focal plane; if Grad(Φ) is greater than or equal to Grad(Φ.sub.l/2), the particle is labeled as a valid one; and

[0075] (4) the double-exposure image of the same valid particle is identified using a particle matching algorithm; the lower left corner of the particle image is set as coordinate origin; in accordance with the order “binarization, interception of part of the area and centroid extraction”, the centroid coordinates (m.sub.t,i, n.sub.t,i) and (m.sub.t+Δt,in.sub.t+Δt,i) are read; then the centroid coordinates are conversed to the actual length of the coordinates (x.sub.t,i, y.sub.t,i) and (x.sub.t+Δt,i, y.sub.t+Δt,i) using the actual size of individual pixel obtained in step (2),

[0076] so the instantaneous velocity of particles is calculated by:

[00003]$V_i=\sqrt{\frac{{\left(x_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-x_{t,i}\right)}^2+{\left(y_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-y_{t,i}\right)}^2}{\Delta .Math..Math.t}},$

[0077] where Δt is the time interval between two exposures.

[0078] According to the analysis of nearly 4000 particles, the velocity distribution of solid particles in liquid-solid system is shown in FIG. 5. Compared to the CFD simulation of the invasive error analysis, all of the errors of measuring results are less than 15%.

[0079] The velocity measuring methods of droplets and bubbles are the same as that of solid particles.

[0080] Those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs should appreciate that the exposure time of the image sensor is 2.7-3 times of the pulse cycle of the signal generator, the work distance of the telecentric lens is 250-550 mm, the depth of fields is 1-3.7 mm, the magnification of the telecentric lens for 0.5-1 times, the diameter of the telecentric lens is 19-25 mm, the number of the LED lamps is greater or equal to 12, the outer diameter of the front pipe is 25-30 mm, the length of the front pipe is 300-600 mm, the pipe diameter of the back pipe is 50 mm, and the length of the back pipe is 50 mm in Example 1.

[0081] Those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs should appreciate that the exposure time of the image sensor is 2.7-3 times of the pulse cycle of the signal generator in step (1), and the resolution of the scale can be 0.05 mm or 0.01 mm in step (2), and the particle matching algorithm can be Sequential Similarity Detection Algorithm in step (4) for Example 2.

[0082] The above are only specific examples of the present invention but the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs should appreciate that any change or replacement which can be easily thought by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention all fall into the scope protected and disclosed by the present invention.