Tread with concealed cavities comprising a wear indicator having improved visibility

Abstract

A tire (1) comprising a tread (8), this tread comprising at least one channel (2), at least one wear indicator (3) disposed on the bottom of the channel (2), the wear indicator comprising a contact face (7) intended to come into contact with a road surface when the tire reaches a wear limit, the channel (2) comprising a texture (4) surrounding the wear indicator (3) and contrasting with the contact face (7) of the wear indicator.

Claims

1. A tire comprising a tread, the tire comprising at least one channel that is situated below a tread surface when said tread is in a new state and wherein the at least one channel is configured to open up to the tread surface after a given amount of wear in order to form a groove, this channel comprising two opposite walls connected by a bottom and at least one wear indicator on this bottom, the wear indicator comprising a contact face that is intended to come into contact with a road surface when the tire reaches a wear limit, wherein the bottom of the channel comprises a texture formed by integrally formed motifs with a repetitive mean spacing at least equal to 0.1 mm and at most equal to 0.6 mm and with heights of at least 0.05 mm and less than 0.5 mm such that the texture has a lightness known as first lightness (L*1) when said tread is new, the contact face of the wear indicator comprising means that give it lightness known as second lightness (L*2) when said tread is new, the lightness being expressed using a scale that ranges from 0 to 100 according to the L*a*b* colour model established by the International Commission on Illumination, this tread being such that the first lightness is at least 5 units of lightness less than the second lightness in order to create a contrast between the bottom of the channel and the contact face of the wear indicator, and wherein the channel has at least one zone that does not have a texture, said zone being disposed between a zone provided with a texture and a lateral face of the wear indicator, and wherein at least one measuring well is formed that opens onto the tread surface in the new state and leads into the channel in order to allow a part of the contact face of a wear indicator and a part of the zone that does not have texture at the bottom of the channel to be seen.

2. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the channel has a texture, this texture surrounding the wear indicator and contrasting with the contact face of the wear indicator, this contact face not having any texture, meaning that the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of this surface is less than 12.

3. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the first lightness (L*1) is between 5 and 18 units.

4. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the lightness of the contact face is between 20 and 35 units.

5. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the wear indicator comprises at least one lateral face connecting the contact face of the wear indicator to the bottom of the channel, this lateral face having a texture that has a lightness (L*1) less than the lightness of the contact face of the wear indicator.

6. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the length of the zone that does not have a texture has a length of between 3 and 10 millimetres.

7. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the components a* and b* of the contact face of the wear indicator are less than 5 points.

8. The tire according to claim 1 wherein the at least one channel is hidden when said tread is new.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) Further features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the following description with reference to the appended drawings which show, by way of non-limiting examples, embodiments of the subject matter of the disclosure.

(2) FIG. 1 shows a view in cross section of a tread having channels that are intended to form new grooves;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a view in cross section of the tread shown in FIG. 1, on a section plane, the line of which is indicated by the line II-II;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a view in cross section of a first variant according to the disclosure;

(5) FIGS. 4 and 5 are views in cross section of two other examples of texture-free wear indicators that are surrounded by measuring zones that are likewise texture-free, inserted within a channel, the bottom of which is textured;

(6) FIG. 6 shows a part of a texture that is usable on the bottom of a hidden void according to a first exemplary embodiment in which the texture has protruding elements in the form of strands;

(7) FIG. 7 shows a part of the texture of the groove according to a second exemplary embodiment in which the texture has protruding elements in the form of lamellae;

(8) FIG. 8 shows a part of the texture of the groove according to a third exemplary embodiment in which the texture has protruding elements in the form of parallelepipeds;

(9) FIG. 9 shows a part of the texture of the groove according to a fourth exemplary embodiment in which the texture has protruding elements in which the shapes and the distances between protruding elements are variable;

(10) FIG. 10 shows a part of the texture of the groove according to a fifth exemplary embodiment in which the texture has recessed elements which are conical in this example;

(11) FIG. 11 shows an enlarged view of a cavity of a recessed element of the texture in FIG. 10;

(12) FIG. 12 shows a view of a measuring well for measuring the depth to be worn away; and

(13) FIG. 13 shows a view in cross section on a section plane, the line of which in FIG. 12 is indicated by the line X-X.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ENABLING EMBODIMENTS

(14) To make the figures easier to understand, identical reference signs have been used to denote variants of the disclosure where these reference signs refer to elements of the same kind, whether structurally or functionally.

(15) FIG. 1 shows a view in radial section (cross section realized in a plane containing the axis of rotation of the tire) of a tread 1 of a tire for a heavy-duty vehicle according to the disclosure.

(16) The tread 1 shown comprises, in the new state, two circumferential grooves 2 that open onto a tread surface 10, each of these grooves 2 having a depth P1 and a mean width L1. In combination with these circumferential grooves 2 that open onto the tread surface 10 in the new state, two voids 20 that each form a channel are provided, these channels being situated entirely beneath the tread surface 10 in the new state and being intended to form new grooves once the tread has been partially worn away to a predetermined extent. In order to avoid a situation in which the tread does not have any grooves that open onto the tread surface at any stage of wear, it is sensible for the new grooves formed by the channels 20 to open up before the grooves 2 that are open in the new state have completely disappeared.

(17) The channels 20 are extended radially towards the outside of the tread by sipes 21 that facilitate the molding and demolding of the tread. These sipes 21 have the particular feature of closing as they pass through the contact patch during running Closing means that the opposite walls delimiting the sipe 21 come into at least partial contact and a contact pressure arises between these walls.

(18) By virtue of such an arrangement of the voids volumes in a tread, it is possible to put an appropriate quantity of material into contact with the road surface in order to ensure a good level of performance, whether the tread is in the new state or following partial wear, while preserving the conditions of safety and performance when running.

(19) Moreover, it is necessary to satisfy the requirements that result from different national regulations, and it is notably indispensable to meet the requirement of visual monitoring of tire wear by the user.

(20) When the channels 20 open onto the tread surface once the tread has been partially worn away, it is necessary for the user to be given a strong visual warning that allows him to know the state of wear to his tire.

(21) To this end, each channel bottom 200 is provided with at least one wear indicator 3 molded in relief on said bottom.

(22) In FIG. 2, which shows a cross section on a plane indicated by its line II-II in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the channels 20 are provided with textures 4 on the bottom 200. Therefore, according to the disclosure, and as illustrated, the wear indicators 3, in particular the contact faces 7 of the wear indicators 3, are advantageously texture-free and have a surface that produces a contrast in lightness with the adjacent textured surface. The contrast effect between the bottom 200 of the channels 20 and the wear indicators 3 makes it possible to increase the visibility of these wear indicators, making it easier to locate them and to monitor wear. Such a feature is particularly advantageous when the tread 1, following wear, is in a context in which visibility is limited.

(23) The bottom of each channel 20 comprises means which give it lightness known as first lightness (L*1), while the contact face 7 of the wear indicator 3 comprises means which give it lightness known as second lightness (L*2). This tread 1 is such that the first lightness is less than the second lightness in order to create a strong contrast between the bottom of the channel and the contact face of the wear indicator.

(24) In the present case, the first lightness L*1 is equal to 12 and is obtained by forming, on the bottom 200 of each channel 20, a texture 4 made up of a set of mutually parallel ribs 12, each integral rib having a cross section with a triangular shape with a mean height equal to 0.35 mm. These ribs 12 are formed with a mean spacing equal to 0.2 mm.

(25) The contact face 7 of the wear indicator 3, this face being intended to come into contact with the road surface once the tire has been worn away to an extent corresponding to maximum wear, is a smooth surface with no texture, that is to say the arithmetic mean roughness Ra is less than 12. Moreover, the lightness of this surface L*2 is equal to 24.

(26) A wear indicator 3 may, by way of variant, have textured surfaces, such as, for example, at least one of these lateral faces 6. FIG. 3 illustrates such an exemplary embodiment in which only the contact face 7 of the wear indicator is texture-free, such that the contrast with the texture on the bottom of the channel is enhanced. The integration of texture-free wear indicators 3 into channels of which the bottoms or lateral parts are textured has the effect of enhancing the visibility of these wear indicators 3.

(27) The abovementioned contrast effect arises from the fact that the lightness of the zones provided with textures is less than that of the texture-free zones. Various arrangements or configurations of textures 4 make it possible to produce such an effect, as described below in relation to FIGS. 4 to 11.

(28) The appropriate appliance for measuring the lightness is a Konica-Minolta CM 700D spectrocolorimeter (registered trade mark). This appliance is suitable for measuring: the lightness L*1, L*2 of the zones of the groove (zones covered with the texture, zones not covered with the texture); a component a* which defines a first color shade between red and green; a component b* which defines a second color shade between yellow and blue.

(29) This appliance is positioned on the part of the tire to be measured and this appliance gives the values of the three parameters L*, a* and b* relative to a surface texture. These measurements are taken using the “SCI” (specular component included) mode, set at an angle of 10° and with a D65 type light setting (setting as defined by the International Commission on Illumination, CIE). By virtue of this appliance, the lightness of the textures of the groove 4 is measured, this then being compared with the lightness of the texture-free parts of the wear indicator.

(30) The arrangement that promotes the visibility of the wear indicators 3 at the bottom of the channel 20 described above can advantageously be used for any type of tire.

(31) FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate schematic cross-sectional depictions of another embodiment of the wear indicators 3 according to the disclosure. Texture-free zones 5 are cleared in the immediate vicinity of the wear indicator 3 in order to make it possible to very precisely measure the remaining height of material to be worn away following partial wear exposing the new grooves formed by the channels. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, the base of the textures on the bottoms of the channels 20 is situated in the same radial position as the measuring zone 5 adjoining the wear indicator 3. In the example in FIG. 5, the tops of the ribs 12 that make up the texture 4 are situated in the same radial position as the measuring zone 5 adjoining the wear indicator 3. In these two exemplary embodiments, the measuring zone is substantially flat and texture-free.

(32) FIGS. 6 to 11 illustrate examples of textures 4 that can be employed on the bottom of a channel or any other type of hidden cavity in a tread, in order to allow better visibility of the wear indicators after partial wear.

(33) FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment in which the texture has a plurality of strands 11. The strands 11 are distributed through the texture at a density at least equal to one strand per mm2, each strand having a mean cross section S of between 0.0005 mm.sup.2 and 1 mm.sup.2 It will be noted that the mean cross section of each strand corresponds to the mean of the cross sections S measured at regular intervals from the base of the strand. The strands have a conical overall shape with a cross section that decreases over the height Hb of these strands.

(34) FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment in which the texture is formed by a plurality of mutually parallel blades or ribs 12, the spacing of the blades 12 in the texture being at most equal to 0.5 mm, each blade 12 having a mean width of between 0.02 mm and 0.5 mm. It will be noted that the mean width corresponds to the mean of the widths 1 measured at regular intervals over the height Hl of the blade, the height of each blade being between 0.05 and 0.5 mm.

(35) In another variant embodiment, the texture is constituted by a combination of strands 11 and/or blades 12.

(36) The disclosure is not limited to the examples described and shown and various modifications can be made thereto without departing from its scope. Thus, according to another non-limiting variant embodiment, the blades 12 in FIG. 7 can be discontinuous. They have a flat part between one another. They can also have cross-sectional differences between one another. In addition, the blades can have curves or angles, notably along their length. They can also have a variable length.

(37) In the example in FIG. 8, the texture is formed by a plurality of parallelepipeds 13 having a side length C of between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm and a height Hp of between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm, the distance Dp between two adjacent parallelepipeds being between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm. In a variant, the cross section of the elements of the texture may be circular, polygonal (for example hexagonal). With the square or polygonal structures, it is possible to more easily organize the elements with respect to one another so as to limit the surface area of the intermediate zones between the elements.

(38) In the variant in FIG. 9, the elements 14 of the texture have variable shapes and variable distances between one another. This variant makes it possible to render the details of the texture 4 less visible.

(39) FIG. 10 illustrates a texture according to another non-limiting variant embodiment. In this variant, the texture is formed by a plurality of cavities 16. The cavities 16 are in this case in the form of cones which extend into the depth and open onto a surface, forming circular openings 15 of diameter Df. The cavities 16 thus have a cross section which decreases with depth. It will be noted that, in this variant, the openings 15 of the cavities 16 are not in contact. The openings 15 are separated by intermediate zones 17. Moreover, the openings 15 are distributed regularly such that the distance d between the centers of the openings 15 is the same everywhere.

(40) FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the texture in FIG. 10. In this case, all or some of the cavities have at least one wall 18 which, in cross section, forms an angle β of between 10° and 60° with respect to a direction Z perpendicular to the surface bearing the texture.

(41) In order to satisfy particular legislation, it is sometimes indispensable to provide, right from the new state, means for locating and seeing the wear limit indicators when the latter are disposed in underlying channels.

(42) FIG. 12 shows a part of the tread surface of a tire according to the disclosure, having a sipe 21 that is extended on the inside by a channel 20. Moreover, a measuring well 8 is formed so as to pass through the sipe 21 in order to open onto the tread surface in the new state and into the channel 20. This measuring well 8 is disposed vertically above a wear indicator 3 molded into the bottom 200 of the channel 20. In the present example, this measuring well has a circular cross section with an appropriate size for making it possible to partially see the textured contact face 7 of the wear indicator and also portions 201, 202 of the bottom 200 on either side of the indicator. This measuring well makes it possible to measure the remaining thickness to be worn away. The difference in lightness between the contact face of the indicator and the bottom of the channel makes it easier to perceive the indicator in the new state.

(43) In FIG. 13, which shows a cross section of the device shown in FIG. 12 on a section plane, the line of which in FIG. 12 corresponds to the line X-X, the measuring well 8 extending into the thickness of the tread can be seen. It will be noted that it is possible to measure both the remaining thickness to be worn away (P2) and the total thickness down to the bottom of the channel (P1) at any time.

(44) The figures and their descriptions given above illustrate, but do not limit, the disclosure.

(45) Reference signs in the claims are entirely non-limiting. The verbs “comprise” and “have” do not exclude the presence of elements other than those listed in the claims.

(46) Of course, the disclosure is not limited to the examples described and shown and various modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope as defined in the claims. Notably, the above description with two channels could easily be designed with any type of void having at least one hidden part, that is to say formed in the new state under the tread surface and intended to open onto the tread surface once the tread has been partially worn away to a predetermined extent.