Process for Calibrating the Loading Force of a Breaker Element of a Bale Opener and the Bale Opener

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for calibrating the loading force of a breaker element (3) of a bale opener (1) before the breaking process of a bale group (4) and on a corresponding bale opener (1). In doing so, the breaker element (3) is calibrated so as to exclude any signal distortion influences and to ensure a stable and reliable scanning of the bale groups (4) by measuring the loading force. During the longitudinal movement of the breaker element (3) along the bale group (4), the force is measured continuously with the calibrated force sensor (12) and there is a lowering movement of the breaker element (3) when a lower loading force is reached, and there is an upward lifting movement when an upper loading force is reached.

Claims

1. A process for calibrating the loading force of a breaker element (3) of a bale opener (1) on a bale group (4) comprising the following process steps: (a) Setting a force sensor (12) at no load; (b) Lowering the breaker element (3) onto the bale group (4) until reaching a loading force at least twice as high as that of which the breaker element (3) receives the command to lift during the breaking operation wherein the loading force is measured with the force sensor (12); (c) Relieving the load on the breaker element (3); (d) Setting the loading force measured with the force sensor (12) at a negative value which includes signal distortion influences and (e) Lowering the breaker element (3) until the loading force reaches at least the level of the upper loading force.

2-14. (canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0035] The invention will now be explained in greater detail on the basis of the accompanying figures, in which:

[0036] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a bale opener and

[0037] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the elements involved in the process according to the invention.

[0038] Features that are important only for the invention are described. The same reference numerals are used to designate the same features in different figures.

MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

[0039] FIG. 1 shows in a schematic diagram a bale opener 1 according to the invention. The bale opener 1 consists essentially of a breaker tower 2 and a breaker element 3. The breaker element 3 is mounted on one side of the breaker tower 2 and is arranged so that it is freely cantilevered over the bale group 4. The breaker tower 2 is equipped with a running gear 5. With the help of the running gear 5, the breaker tower 2 is moved on rails 6 along the bale group 4. Due to this movement, the breaker element 3 mounted on the breaker tower 2 is guided over the surface of the bale group 2 situated beneath it. The mount of the breaker element 3 on the breaker tower 2 is designed to be adjustable in height so that the bale group 4 can be broken out continuously. A breaker roller 7 with an axle 8 is arranged in the breaker element 3. The breaker roller 7 draws fiber flocks out of the bale group 4, The fiber flocks are picked up by the breaker roller 7 and carried by means of a vacuum via a suction hood 9 to the breaker tower 2. A transport channel 10, which picks up the fiber flocks from the suction hood 9 and sends them to a pneumatic fiber flock transport system 11, is arranged in the breaker tower 2. The transport channel 10 and thus also the suction hood 9 are under a certain vacuum, which serves to pneumatically convey the fiber flocks to the transport channel 10.

[0040] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the elements of the bale opener 1 involved in the process according to the invention. The breaker element 3 is equipped with a force sensor 12, which measures the force exerted by the element 3 on the fiber bales 4. The force sensor is a load cell, for example, or some other suitable sensor that measures the loading force of the breaker element 3. The breaker element 3 is controlled by a motor 13, so that it raises or lowers the breaker element 3 over the bale group. The breaker element 3 is moved along the bale group by means of a second motor 14 in order to break open the bale group 4.

[0041] According to the invention, a process for calibrating the loading force of a breaker element 3 of a bale opener 1 on a bale group 4 is disclosed. This process is carried out before the actual breaking operation of the bale group 4 and serves to calibrate the force sensor 12. The force sensor 12 calibrated in this way is used in the following way during the subsequent breaking open of the bale group 4 for the force measurement. During the longitudinal movement of the breaker element 3 along the bale group 4, the force is measured continuously with the force sensor 12 and there is a lowering movement of the breaker element 3 when a lower loading force is reached and an upward lifting movement takes place when an upper loading force is reached. The bale opener 1 provides a controller 15 with an internal memory 16 for this purpose. The controller 15 receives the signals measured by the force sensor 12, analyzes the signals and sends a corresponding command to the first motor 13, which is responsible for controlling the height of the breaker element 3. The controller 15 thus carries out the lowering movement and the lifting movement of the breaker element 3 as a function of the measured loading force. At the same time, both the upper and lower loading force on the breaker element 3 can be predetermined by the user in the controller 15. In addition, the loading force of the breaker element 3 measured by the force sensor 12 can be adjusted by to the process according to the invention.

[0042] The process according to the invention now comprises the following process steps: in a first process step, the load on the breaker element 3 is reduced, and the force sensor 12 is set at zero, i.e., at no load. To do so, it is raised above the bale group 4. Next, the breaker element 3 is lowered onto the bale group 4 until reaching a force equal to at least twice the upper loading force. The acting force is then measured with the force sensor 12. In this process step, a loading force that is between three times and six times the upper loading force can be selected advantageously.

[0043] The load on the breaker element 3 is reduced in a second process step. This load reduction may advantageously consist of raising the breaker element 3 by a predetermined amount and subsequently lowering the breaker element 3. The predetermined amount is selected, so that the breaker element 3 remains reliably at no load, even after being lowered. To minimize any measurement uncertainty and any fluctuations, a pause of at least one second is maintained between the raising and the lowering as well as after the lowering. In addition, the lowering may take place at a slower rate than the raising for the same reason.

[0044] In a third process step, the loading force measured with the force sensor is set at a negative value. Experiments have shown that the negative value is in a range between 20% and 50% of the upper loading force. This ensures that signal distortion influences are taken into account because subsequent process steps can again have a positive influence on the force measurement. The negative value takes this distortion into account.

[0045] In the fourth and last process steps, the breaker element 3 is lowered again until the loading force is at least equal to the upper loading force. The breaker element 3 in this process step can advantageously be lowered until reaching a level equal to 1.25 to 2 times the upper loading force.

[0046] By means of the process according to the invention, a stable and reliable scanning of the bale groups 4 by measurement of the loading force is advantageously ensured. Then the breaker element is moved along the bale group and then the breaker element is lowered when the lower loading force is reached and then there is an upward lifting movement when the upper loading force has been reached.

[0047] In another embodiment, the lowered height of the breaker element 3 is additionally monitored. If the breaker element 3 were lowered too low onto a bale group 4, it would result in the bale opener 1 being ripped out of the rails 6. For this reason, according to the invention, the following monitoring measure(s) is (are) implemented. These measures may act redundantly and can thus prevent the damage incident described above. The minimum allowed heights of the breaker element 3 are calculated continuously and independently, i.e., the height below which the breaker element 3 cannot be lowered by means of manual functions or in production operation is calculated depending on the current longitudinal position and which bale group 4 the breaker element 3 is above or outside of a bale group 4. If the height is below the minimum height for the lifting drive according to a driving command, this is not allowed and/or any lowering movement is stopped. This redundant independent monitoring prevents the breaker element 3 from ever being lowered to a level that is too low when there are sequence errors in the controller 15 or when control sequences are altered, so that the bale opener 1 is not ripped out of the rails 6. There was also redundant monitoring of the torque of the first motor 13 and the aforementioned loading force with respect to a maximum value, i.e., when the maximum value of one of these values is exceeded, any lowering movement of the breaker element 3 is stopped.

[0048] According to one advantageous embodiment, the longitudinal position of the breaker element 3 along a bale group 4 can be determined by means of barcodes. Continuous barcodes, which are different from one another, are provided on the bale group 4 at a level relatively close to the bottom. A barcode reader, which scans the barcodes continuously and delivers an absolute length value, is used for the position determination. To this end, a plurality of bar codes is always detected simultaneously, and with this information, the position of the breaker element 3 is determined. The beginning and end positions of a bale group 4 can be input via the controller 15. This embodiment advantageously yields improved monitoring options for the bale opener 1.

[0049] The invention also relates to a computer program product, which can be loaded directly into the internal memory 16 of a bale opener 1 and comprises software code segments with which the process steps of the process according to the invention can be carried out when the product is running on the bale opener.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0050] 1 Bale opener [0051] 2 Breaker tower [0052] 3 Breaker element [0053] 4 Bale group [0054] 5 Running gear [0055] 6 Rail [0056] 7 Application roller [0057] 8 Axle [0058] 9 Suction hood [0059] 10 Transport channel [0060] 11 Transport system [0061] 12 Force sensor [0062] 13 Motor [0063] 14 Motor [0064] 15 Controller [0065] 16 Memory