Abstract
An apparatus and method for separating heavy metals and precious stones from alluvial material wherein the apparatus comprises a frame, a gold pan supported on the frame and a vibration means supported on the frame adapted to provide a vibration to the gold pan. The apparatus may further comprise a water pump supported on the frame operable to introduce a quantity of water to the gold pan. The apparatus may further comprise a screen supported above the gold pan. The method comprises providing a gold pan supported on a frame, introducing a quantity of an alluvial material to the gold pan and vibrating the gold pan so as to remove lighter material leaving the heavy metals and precious stones therein.
Claims
1. Apparatus for separating heavy metals and precious stones from alluvial material comprising: a frame; a receptacle having a bottom that is substantially level and even with regard to a horizontal plane and a side wall extending around said bottom for receiving a quantity of alluvial material in said receptacle; a spillway in a portion of said side wall, said spillway being spaced above the substantially level and even bottom of the receptacle, the spillway defining a base portion of the receptacle below the spillway, said spillway allowing excess alluvial material to exit the receptacle when the material in the receptacle exceeds a volume defined in said base portion below the spillway; said receptacle being supported on said frame by flexible mounts allowing vibratory movement of said receptacle in relation to said frame; vibration means supported on said frame and adapted to provide vibration to said receptacle; and, wherein when alluvial material is successively received in said receptacle, said vibratory movement causes a heavier portion of the alluvial material to be retained in said base portion of said receptacle and a lighter portion of the alluvial material to be displaced upward within said base portion of the receptacle and to be pushed out of the receptacle through said spillway.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a water pump supported on said frame operable to introduce a quantity of water to said receptacle from a water source.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a spray tube above said receptacle in fluidic communication with said water pump, said spray tube having outlets positioned to discharge water onto said receptacle.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising a screen supported by said spray tube wherein said spray tube is formed with a lengthwise inward facing channel below said outlets adapted to retain an edge of said screen.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said spray tube extends from distally opposed and oriented ends extending away from each other so as to provide a hinge for tilting said spray tube and screen.
6. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said spray tube is semi-circular in length and having a shape corresponding to an outline of said receptacle.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of flexible mounts fastened to said frame for flexibly supporting said receptacle.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising a platform supported by said flexible mounts having a central hole sized to receive said receptacle therein.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said vibration means comprises a rotating cam having an eccentrically located protrusion engaged with a bearing connected to said platform.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said side wall extends upward at an outward angle from said bottom.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said bottom includes contours formed thereinto proximate to said spillway.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said spillway has a horizontal bottom and sidewalls extending upwards therefrom, with an opening allowing lighter material to flow out of said receptacle.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said frame comprises a plurality of base members and cross members wherein said receptacle is supported thereabove, said frame further comprising shoulder straps extending from said base members so as to permit said frame to be carried on the back of a user.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said platform includes a lock for selectably securing said receptacle in said central hole.
15. A method of separating heavy metals and precious stones from alluvial material comprising: providing an apparatus having a frame; a receptacle flexibly supported on said frame for vibratory movement of said receptacle in relation to said frame; vibration means supported on said frame and adapted to provide vibration to said receptacle; said receptacle having a bottom that is substantially level and even with regard to a horizontal plane and a side wall extending around said bottom for receiving a quantity of alluvial material in said receptacle; and, a spillway extending through a portion of said side wall, said spillway spaced above said bottom to define a base portion of said receptacle to retain a volume of alluvial material in said base portion below said spillway; installing said apparatus in the vicinity of alluvial material such that said bottom of said receptacle is substantially horizontally level; introducing a quantity of alluvial material in said receptacle while causing said receptacle to vibrate in relation to said frame, said bottom remaining substantially horizontally level; introducing a successive quantity of alluvial material in said receptacle while continuing to cause said receptacle to vibrate; whereby said vibration causes a heavier portion of said alluvial material to settle in said base portion below said spillway and a lighter portion of said alluvial material to be displaced upward and out of the receptacle through said spillway.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising introducing water into said receptacle when introducing said successive quantity of alluvial material.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein introducing water comprises spraying water.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said bottom of said receptacle is substantially circular.
19. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said bottom of said receptacle is substantially circular.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention wherein similar characters of reference denote corresponding parts in each view,
(2) FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an apparatus for separating heavy metals and precious stones from alluvial material according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the engine and transmission of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with the water pump removed.
(4) FIG. 3 is an exploded cross sectional view of the cam shaft, cam, ball bearing and cam cap of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
(5) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the gold pan or receptacle of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
(6) FIG. 5 is a rear perspective view of the platform, screen, screen support, hinge and pan locking mechanism of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
(7) FIG. 6 is a detailed cross section of the water spray tube of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
(8) FIG. 7 is a detailed exploded view of the adjustable screen support and lock, and pan locking block and release lever of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
(9) FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of an apparatus for separating heavy metals and precious stones from alluvial material according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
(10) FIG. 9 is a front perspective view of an apparatus for separating heavy metals and precious stones from alluvial material according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
(11) FIG. 10 is a front perspective view of an apparatus for separating heavy metals and precious stones from alluvial material according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(12) Referring to FIG. 1 an apparatus for for separating heavy metals and precious stones from alluvial material according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown generally at 100. The apparatus 100 or gold panning machine comprises a frame supporting a gold pan 45 adapted to be vibrated by a vibration source and a means for introducing water into the pan.
(13) The base of the machine is a frame 1 best shown in FIG. 1 formed with two lengthwise tubes 2 to rest on the ground and a plurality of cross tubes 3 connected to and extending across between the lengthwise tubes 2 joining them together to form frame 1. The cross tubes 3 are formed to extend downward at each end with a flat center section creating a raised support area on each cross tube 3. The sample shown in FIG. 1 has three cross tubes 3 although it will be appreciated that more or less may also be utilized. Backpack cross straps 8 have each end fastened to one of lengthwise tubes 2 to also act as a frame reinforcement and shoulder straps 9 are fastened to cross tubes 3. Central between and connected to two of the cross tubes 3 is a structural member which provides a transmission support 4 best shown in FIG. 2.
(14) As illustrated in FIG. 2, a transmission 5 is mounted to the top of support 4 and retained by carriage bolts 26 and locknuts 27. Transmission 5 contains a plurality of pulleys and/or gears and at least one belt which transmit rotational drive from engine drive shaft 6 to gear box 7 which converts the horizontal rotation to vertical rotation out through cam shaft 31 best shown in FIG. 3 through a reduction therein so as to provide the desired rotational speed as is commonly known.
(15) In FIG. 2 engine 10 is mounted onto one side of transmission 5 and water pump 11 in FIG. 1 is mounted onto the other side of transmission 5 and has a water intake hose 12 and an outlet hose 13. A valve 18 is fitted onto outlet hose 13 for adjustment of the water flow. Flex hose 19 carries water from valve 18 to spray tube 60.
(16) Cam 33 in FIG. 3 is a short hollow round section of machined steel which has an offset-from-center round stub 30 extending upwards from its top and is attached by set screw 32 onto the top of cam shaft 31. Ball bearing 28 is press fit onto round stub 30. Cam cap 34 is preferably formed rubber which has a recess in its bottom surface to fit snugly over ball bearing 28. Cam cap 34 also has an inwardly protruding ridge 29 at the opening of the recess to retain cam cap 34 on ball bearing 28 once pressed on.
(17) Four flexible mounts 35 with threaded studs 36 and 38 protruding from the bottom and top of mounts 35 in FIGS. 1 and 5 are mounted on the top horizontal sections of two of cross tubes 3 with studs 36 extending down through holes 21 in cross tubes 3 and retained with lock nuts 27.
(18) Platform 39 in FIGS. 1 and 5 is formed with a hole 41 close to each corner. The four studs 38 of mounts 35 protrude up through holes 41 and lock nuts 27 and washers 37 fasten platform 39 to the tops of mounts 35. Platform 39 has a formed pocket or hole 40 which snugly fits over cam cap 34 in FIGS. 2 and 3 thus when cam shaft 31 is spinning cam 33 vibrates bearing 28 and cam cap 34 which vibrates platform 39. In FIG. 5 platform 39 has a large central hole 44 sized to seat and horizontally retain gold pan 45 snugly.
(19) Gold pan 45 best shown in FIG. 4 is bowl shaped with a flat bottom 47 and a spillway 46 above the level of bottom 47 which extends out from the front side of pan 45 to keep the material being panned confined and allowed to flow out through spillway 46 only. The spillway 46 has a reduced height from the bottom 47 relative to the rim 43 therearound so as to direct removed water and material out of the gold pan 45 therethrough. In practice it has been found that a height of between ½ and 1 inch (13 and 25 mm) above the bottom 47 has been useful although it will be appreciated that other dimensions may be useful as well. The top edge of pan 45 is a circumferential rim 43 extending radially outwards. Bottom 47 has formed pockets or contours 42 designed to act as riffles to trap heavy particles.
(20) Hinge bracket 50 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 is preferably a metal strip with its two ends 25 bent upward at a right angle to the bottom flat portion which is fastened to the front edge of platform 39 with bolts 26 and lock nuts 27. Vertical ends 25 of hinge bracket 50 each have a hole 51 large enough to act as a pivot sleeve around the outside circumference of each end of spray tube 60 allowing the ends of spray tube 60 to be positioned through holes 51 providing spray tube 60 and screen 57 to be pivotally retained in their position.
(21) Screen 57 in FIG. 1 is a formed pan shape with spillway 58 formed on the front side of it. Although the screen 57 is illustrated as shaped to correspond to the shape of the gold pan 45, it will be appreciated that other shapes may be useful as well provided that the screen 57 is located thereover so as to be operable to prevent rocks and larger particles from being located in the gold pan.
(22) Spray tube 60 in FIGS. 5 and 6 has a lengthwise retaining slot 59 formed in its bottom section to retain screen 57 whereby the circumferential radially outward extending edge of screen 57 fits snugly in retaining slot 59 in FIG. 6 thus when spray tube 60 is installed and spray tube ends 49 fitted into holes 51 the screen is permanently held. Spray tube holes 61 are located around the inner face of spray tube 60 to spray water toward the center of screen 57. Viewed from the front, 20, the left end of spray tube 60 is fitted through hinge bracket hole 51 with a threaded end 49 protruding out and end cap 62 threaded on in FIG. 5. End cap 62 can be removed for washing out debris in spray tube 60. The right end of spray tube 60 in FIG. 1 is fitted through hinge bracket pivot hole 51 with threaded end 49 of spray tube 60 protruding out and flex hose 19 threaded onto it. This allows spray tube 60 and screen 57 to be pivoted up while water is being sprayed in through spray tube 60. Therefore ends 49 of spray tube 60 also act as the hinge pins.
(23) Adjustable screen support 63 in FIGS. 1, 5, and 7 is pivotally attached by support hinge 64 to the rear side of screen 57. Support hinge 64 is fastened to rear side of screen 57. Screen support 63 is a formed piece of heavy wire extending down from the rear of screen 57. Locking clamp 65 on carriage bolt 26 has wings extending over the wire of support 63 to press against the wire and lock it in place against support bracket 52 when threaded retaining knob 66 is tightened on outer end of carriage bolt 26. Screen support 63 allows screen 57 to be pivoted up and locked at the desirable angle.
(24) Gold pan 45 can be installed or removed when screen 57 is in a raised position. Install by sliding spillway 46 between vertical ends 25 of screen hinge bracket 50 where the two ends 49 of spray tube 60 hold spillway 46 down in the correct position, then push down on the back end of pan 45 until pan rim 43 locks down under the front edge of pan lock block 54. To remove pan 45 press down on the outer top end of release lever 53, this presses the mid-section of lever 53 against the top edge of screen support bracket 52 pushing the bottom end of lever 53 forward against pan 45 and kicking pan 45's rim 43 out of locking slot 56 at which time pan 45 pops upward and is released for removal by lifting pan 45 up and out to one side.
(25) The operation of the machine will now be described. Set the machine in a roughly level position on the ground. Best shown in FIG. 1 the end of the water intake hose 12 is submerged in water. Prime water pump 11 by filling the reservoir with water. Start engine 10. This drives water pump 11 sending water to spray tube 60 and through holes 61 and rotates cam shaft 31 to vibrate platform 39, gold pan 45, and screen 57. Loosen screen support clamp knob 66 and tilt up screen 57 to the desired angle and retighten knob 66. Gold bearing material can now be shovelled onto the top portion of screen 57. Material smaller than screen 57 hole size will fall through into gold pan 45 and anything larger will gradually roll out and off screen spillway 58. As material is continuously shovelled onto screen 57 gold pan 45 will be filled with the smaller gold bearing material and water up to the level of pan spillway 46. The vibration of gold pan 45 will settle the heaviest particles to the bottom of pan 45 while the lightest material will circulate at the top and gradually fall out through pan spillway 46. Continue to shovel material onto screen 57 for any length of time and the heavy metals and stones will continue to accumulate in the bottom of gold pan 45. When finishing, press lever 53 to release gold pan 45 which can then be lifted out and final panning out of remaining material done by hand to reduce it down to the heaviest metals and stones at the bottom.
(26) In an alternate embodiment of the machine shown in FIG. 8, an electric motor 69, electric water pump 70 and battery 68 replaces engine 10, water pump 11 and transmission 5. A switch and rheostat 67 is mounted on the machine to control the vibration and pump speed.
(27) In a second alternate embodiment of the machine shown in FIG. 9, horizontal transmission 77 can be substituted for transmission 5 and gearbox 7 wherein engine 10 is mounted with its shaft extending vertically downward into transmission case 77 to drive a plurality of pulleys and belts which drive water pump 78 and cam shaft 31.
(28) In a third alternate embodiment of the machine shown in FIG. 10, turbine 75 can be substituted for transmission 5 and gearbox 7. Pipe 76 directs water from tee 73 to valve 18 for adjustment of the water flow. Flexible hose 19 carries water from valve 18 to spray tube 60. Hose 74 carries water from the other outlet of tee 73 to turbine 75. Turbine 75 is similar in operation to a Pelton Wheel having spoons which catch the force of a water spray to create rotational movement through camshaft 31. Cam shaft 31 in FIG. 3 extends upward from turbine 75.
(29) It will be appreciated that the vibration of the platform, pan and screen could be produced with an unbalanced spinning wheel instead of a cam. It will be further appreciated that this machine may be used for dry panning in desert areas where a water pump and spray tube would not be needed. It will be further appreciated that this machine is described as being used for isolation of gold, but it may be used just as well for isolation of any other precious metals or stones such as platinum, diamonds etc.
(30) While specific embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, such embodiments should be considered illustrative of the invention only and not as limiting the invention as construed in accordance with the accompanying claims.
