Rope terminal assembly and an elevator

Abstract

A rope terminal assembly of an elevator fixes an elevator rope to a fixing base such as an elevator unit, said elevator being suitable for transporting passengers and/or goods, which assembly includes at least the following components: an elevator rope, whose width is larger than its thickness in a rope transverse direction, with at least one end having an end face, one or more wedge elements, and a wedge housing, the rope terminal assembly including a rope gap through which said elevator rope passes and said wedge element is arranged to wedge between said rope and said wedge housing thus locking said elevator rope in the gap, and at least one component of the rope terminal assembly made of fiber reinforced polymer composite material, and an elevator.

Claims

1. A rope terminal assembly of an elevator for fixing an elevator rope to a fixing base, the rope terminal assembly comprising: the elevator rope, whose width is larger than its thickness in a rope transverse direction, with at least one end having an end face; one or more wedge elements; and a wedge housing, wherein the rope terminal assembly comprises a rope gap through which said elevator rope passes and said wedge element is arranged to wedge between said rope and said wedge housing thus locking said elevator rope in the gap, and at least one component of the rope terminal assembly is made of fiber reinforced polymer composite material, and wherein said wedge housing comprises reinforcing fibers in multiple zones, each zone possesses different angles for fiber orientation.

2. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said wedge housing is a one piece structure of predetermined size with a round cross section.

3. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 2, wherein said wedge housing comprises fiberglass or carbon fibers embedded in a polymer matrix material.

4. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 2, wherein said wedge housing comprises reinforcing fibers having various fiber orientations with respect to the longitudinal axis of the wedge housing.

5. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said wedge housing comprises reinforcing fibers.

6. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 5, wherein the reinforcing fibers have various fiber orientations with respect to the longitudinal axis of the wedge housing.

7. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said wedge housing comprises reinforcing fibers having various fiber orientations with respect to the longitudinal axis of the wedge housing.

8. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein one or more sections of said wedge housing comprises a metal or non-metal reinforcement ring or insert.

9. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein one or more components of the rope terminal assembly is constructed using filament winding method, resin transfer molding method or fabricated from prepregs.

10. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein one or more components of the rope terminal assembly comprises carbon fiber reinforcements embedded in polyimide resin or phenolic resin matrix material.

11. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said wedge element is an elongated element comprising a contact surface portion arranged against said wedge housing element and arranged against said elevator rope surface.

12. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said wedge element is constructed sandwich-structured comprising a core and metal or non-metal skins attached to the core.

13. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said assembly comprises a rope end block attached to said rope end, and said rope end block is attached on said end face side of the elevator rope with respect to the wedge element.

14. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said rope end block is made from plastics or some other electrically non-conductive material.

15. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said elevator rope is electrically connected to a rope condition monitoring means via said rope end block comprising one or more electrically conductive short circuit elements and a fastener.

16. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said elevator rope comprises one or more non-metallic such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite load bearing parts.

17. An elevator suitable for transporting passengers and/or goods, which elevator comprises: a hoistway; at least one elevator unit movable in the hoistway, including: at least an elevator car; a lifting mechanism comprising a lifting device; and the rope terminal assembly of claim 1, wherein said elevator rope is fixed to the at least one elevator car via the rope terminal assembly.

18. The rope terminal assembly according to claim 1, wherein said wedge housing comprises fiberglass or carbon fibers embedded in polymer matrix material.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of example and with reference to the attached drawings, in which

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an elevator according to an embodiment of the invention.

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates schematically a preferred embodiment of a wedge housing manufactured from fiber-reinforced polymer composite material.

(4) FIG. 3a illustrates cross-sections of a preferred embodiment of the rope terminal assembly with two wedge elements and includes a side view of a preferred embodiment of the rope terminal assembly with two wedge elements.

(5) FIG. 3b illustrates a preferred embodiment of the rope end block.

(6) FIGS. 4a-4c illustrates the preferred alternative cross-sections for the elevator rope.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(7) In FIG. 1 it is illustrated a preferred embodiment of an elevator where the elevator rope R, C is connected to the elevator unit 2, CW with a rope terminal assembly 1 according to the invention. The elevator has been arranged to comprise a hoistway S, and an elevator unit 2 movable in the hoistway S, the elevator unit being an elevator car 2 for transporting passengers and/or goods. The elevator arrangement may also comprise other movable elevator units such as the counterweight CW, as depicted. The elevator comprises lifting means comprising a lifting device M, roping comprising one or more suspension and transmission ropes R, each said rope R comprising one or more load bearing members 11a-d, 12a-b, 13 and being attached with the rope terminal assembly 1 at least to one elevator unit 2, CW. Each rope R is guided to pass over the traction sheave 4 rotated by the hoisting machine M of the elevator and one or more diverting pulleys 3. As the hoisting machine M rotates, the traction sheave 4 at the same time moves the elevator car 2 and the counterweight CW in the up direction and down direction, respectively, due to friction. In addition, in high-rise buildings and in high-speed elevators there is a second roping comprising one or more a compensating ropes C, each compensating rope C being suspended to hang at its first end to the bottom end of the counterweight CW and at its second end to the bottom part of the elevator car 2, either to the car sling or to the car itself. The compensating rope C is kept taut, e.g. by means of compensating pulleys 5, under which the compensating rope C passes around and which pulleys 5 are connected to a support structure on the base of the elevator hoistway S, which support structure is not, however, shown in the figure. A travelling cable T intended for the electricity supply of the elevator car and/or for data traffic, e.g., rope condition monitoring data, is suspended to hang at its first end to the elevator car 2, e.g. to the bottom part of the elevator car 2, and at its second end to a connection point on the wall of the elevator hoistway S, which connection point is typically at the point of the midpoint or above the midpoint of the height direction of the elevator hoistway S.

(8) FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the wedge housing 7 being a one piece structure of predetermined size made from made from non-metallic polymer composite material comprising reinforcing fibers such as fiberglass or carbon fibers in polymer matrix material. The wedge housing 7 is designed with a cylindrical section 7″ and a cone-type section 7′ with openings at both ends. The wedge housing 7 is constructed y using filament winding method. The wedge housing 7 geometry is dictated by the mandrel, on which it is formed. Filament winding is a controlled, automated process in which fiber rovings 6 of carbon fiber, fiberglass, or aramids are pulled from large spools through a resinous polymeric material, such as epoxy, and wound upon specially designed wedge housing mandrel tool. For tubular composite fiber wedge housing 7, the mandrel is typically a steel or aluminum cylinder that has a carefully machined outer diameter with a precision ground and polished surface to ensure easy extraction of the composite tube. The wedge housing mandrel tool is held under tension in the filament winding machine and, while the mandrel is spun at precise rates to ensure proper winding, a carriage containing the fiber spools and resin matrix travels back and forth down the length of the mandrel. The process is completely automated and controlled by specifically designed computer winding programs which ensure that the composite material, a series of laminate plies, is applied accurately in regards to fiber orientation β and precise fiber to resin volume for the wedge housing 7.

(9) Once the composite material 6 is applied, a non-stick plastic film is wrapped under tension around the wedge housing 7. The film is applied to provide additional compaction to the composite matrix to ensure wet-out and consolidation and is easily removed following the curing process. The mandrel is placed in a computer-controlled autoclave or oven in which heating profiles harden the polymeric resin, solidifying the composite material. Following the monitored cure, the wound wedge housing 7 is then extracted from the mandrel tool using machinery that protects both the composite and the tooling. The extracted composite wedge housing is then to be processed further to meet all dimensional and other criteria, such as openings 10 for the fixing rod as needed.

(10) FIG. 3a illustrates a preferred embodiment of a rope terminal assembly 1 of an elevator fixing an elevator rope R to a fixing base such as an elevator unit 2, CW, which rope terminal assembly 1 comprises an elevator rope R, whose width is larger than its thickness in a rope transverse direction, with at least one end having an end face R′, a rope end block 9 attached to the rope end, two wedge elements 8, 8′, and a wedge housing 7. The sections of the wedge housing may comprise metal, e.g. steel or aluminum, or non-metal such as high strength thermoplastic reinforcement rings or inserts 7R to strengthen the composite structure or to protect the composite structure from hole wear. The rope terminal assembly 1 comprises a rope gap through which said elevator rope R passes and said wedge element 8, 8′ is arranged to wedge between said rope R and said wedge housing 7, preferably between said rope R and the supporting portions of said wedge housing 7, thus locking said elevator rope in the gap. The rope end block 9 is attached on said end face R′ side of the elevator rope R with respect to the wedge element 8, 8′. The left half of FIG. 3a illustrates the round-shaped cross-sections 7a, 7a′, 7a″, 7a′″, 7a″″ of the rope terminal assembly 1 with two wedge elements at different points of the longitudinal direction of the wedge housing 7 and the right half of FIG. 3a illustrates the side view of the rope terminal assembly 1 with two wedge elements 8, 8′.

(11) The wedge element 8, 8′ is an elongated element comprising a smooth contact surface portion and a rough or patterned contact surface portion, said smooth contact surface portion being arranged against said wedge housing 7 and said rough or patterned contact surface being arranged against said elevator rope R surface. The wedge element 8, 8′ may also comprise a space for the rope end block 9 at the first end of the wedge element 8, 8′. It is thus possible for the fastening means 91 of the rope end block 9 to be attached to the space of the wedge element 8, 8′. The space for the rope end block 9 is advantageously on the rough or patterned contact surface portion side of the first end of the wedge element 8, 8′ and comprises a threaded opening for the fastening means 91. The wedge element 8, 8′ is advantageously made of metal or of some other mechanically suitable material.

(12) Said wedge housing 7 may comprise hollows and one or more adjustable locking means 81 which are arranged to lock said wedge elements 8, 8′ in its position in said wedge housing 7. It is possible for the locking means 81 to pass through the openings in the wedge housing 7. The locking means 81 are advantageously screws or bolts. The rope terminal assembly 1 is fixed to the fixing base with a fixing rod 10 being fixed to said side of the wedge housing 7 with fixing means. It is possible for the fixing means of the fixing rod to pass through the openings 10 in the wedge housing 7.

(13) The elevator comprises rope condition monitoring means comprising an elevator rope R electrically connected to a rope condition monitoring means via said rope end block 9 comprising one or more electrically conductive short circuit elements and fastening means 91, a rope condition monitoring device, which monitors and transmits an electrical signal of said elevator rope, at predefined time intervals, preferably at least once per second, to an elevator controller. If an error signal is transmitted from said rope condition monitoring means to an elevator controller, the elevator operation is altered or the elevator is taken out of service. In a preferred embodiment, the rope condition monitoring means comprise a current source, a voltage measurement device, a microcontroller, and a display for monitoring condition of said ropes R.

(14) Rope end block 9 is attached to the elevator rope R end with fastening means 91. It is thus possible for the fastening means 91 to pass through the openings in the frame portion of the rope end block 9. The fastening means 91 can advantageously be made of metal or of some other suitable electrically conductive material. The fastening means are advantageously screws or bolts with nuts. The fastening to the rope R can be done by drilling bores in the rope R and fastening with screws or bolts. Elasticity of said rope end block 9 can also be arranged by sizing and designing the openings of the frame portion of the rope end block 9 to have an oval shape, for instance. The rope end block 9 comprises one or more short circuit elements attached to the rope end block 9 with fastening means 91. It is thus possible for the fastening means to pass through the openings in the short circuit elements. The short circuit elements such as short circuit plates as well as the fastening means are advantageously made of metal or of some other suitable electrically conductive material. Rope end block 9 is manufactured from plastics or some other electrically non-conductive material. Preferably rope end block 9 is a single piece structure manufactured from plastics, preferably from thermoplastics polymer or thermosetting polymer.

(15) In preferred embodiment, the rope condition monitoring means is used to measure electrical resistance between a first point and a second point of said elevator rope R, C first time during elevator installation and second time when said elevator is used for transporting passenger and/or goods. Preferably said first point and second point are points of a non-metallic load bearing part 11a-d, 12a-b, 13 of the elevator rope R, C, or points of several electrically connected non-metallic load bearing parts 11a-d, 12a-b, 13 of said elevator rope R, C.

(16) FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrates a preferred embodiment of a rope R cross section with four load-bearing parts 11a-d, two load-bearing parts 12a-b, and one load-bearing part 13, respectively, as described in connection with one of FIGS. 1 and 3 used as a suspension and/or transmission rope R of an elevator, particularly a passenger elevator. In the use according to the invention, at least one rope R, but preferably a number of ropes R is constructed such that the width of the rope is larger than its thickness in a transverse direction of the rope R and fitted to support and move an elevator car, said rope R comprising a load-bearing part 11a-d, 12a-b, 13 made of composite material, which composite material comprises reinforcing fibers f, which consist of untwisted unidirectional carbon fibers, in a polymer matrix m oriented in the lengthwise direction of the rope. The suspension rope R is most preferably secured by one end to the elevator car 1 and by the other end to a counterweight CW, but it is applicable for use in elevators without counterweight as well. Although the figures only show elevators with a 1:1 suspension ratio, the rope R described is also applicable for use as a suspension rope R in an elevator with a 1:2 suspension ratio. The rope R is particularly well suited for use as a suspension and transmission rope R in an elevator having a large lifting height, preferably an elevator having a lifting height of over 100 meters, most preferably 150-800 meters. The rope R defined can also be used to implement a new elevator without a compensating rope C, or to convert an old elevator into one without a compensating rope C.

(17) As presented in the FIGS. 4a-4c, the rope R is in the form of a belt, and thereby has a width substantially larger than the thickness thereof. This makes it well suitable for elevator use as bending of the rope is necessary in most elevators. So as to enable turning radius well suitable for elevator use, it is preferable that the width/thickness ratio of the rope is at least 2 or more, preferably at least 4, even more preferably at least 5 or more. So as to enable turning radius well suitable for elevator use, it is preferable that the width/thickness ratio(s) of said force transmission part(s) is/are at least 2, preferably at least 3 or more. When the rope R is made to contain only one load bearing member 13, then it is preferable that the ratio is 5 or more. It is preferable, that all the load bearing member(s) 11a-d, 12a-b, 13 of the rope R (irrespective whether there is only one or more of them in the rope) cover together majority, preferably 70% or over, more preferably 75% or over, most preferably 80% or over, of the width of the rope. Thus, the width of the rope is effectively utilized for the function of load bearing.

(18) In the embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b, the rope R comprises a plurality of load bearing members 11a-d, 12a-b. These plural load bearing members 11a-d, 12a-b are placed adjacent each other in the width direction of the belt and on the same plane. In the embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 4c, the rope R comprises only one load bearing member 13. In both of these embodiments, the load bearing member(s) 11a-d, 12a-b, 13 is/are surrounded with a layer p, which layer p forms the surface of the rope protecting the load bearing member(s) 11a-d, 12a-b, 13. The layer p is preferably of polymer, most preferably of elastic polymer, such as of polyurethane, as it provides good wear resistance, protection and good friction properties, for instance for frictional traction contact with the rope wheel 4. In both of these embodiments, the load bearing member(s) 11a-d, 12a-b, 13 have a width larger than the thickness thereof as measured in width-direction of the rope R.

(19) In this application, the term load bearing member of a rope refers to the part that is elongated in the longitudinal direction of the rope, and which part is able to bear without breaking a significant part of the load exerted on the rope in question in the longitudinal direction of the rope. The aforementioned load exerted on the rope causes tension on the load bearing member in the longitudinal direction of the load bearing member, which tension can be transmitted inside the load bearing member in question all the length of the load bearing member, e.g. from one end of the load bearing member to the other end of it.

(20) It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not exclusively limited to the embodiments described above, in which the invention has been described by way of example, but that many variations and different embodiments of the invention are possible within the scope of the inventive concept defined in the claims presented below. Thus it is obvious that the ropes R described may be provided with a cogged surface or some other type of patterned surface to produce a positive contact with the traction sheave 4. It is also obvious that the rectangular composite load-bearing parts 11a-d, 12a-b, and 13 may comprise edges more starkly rounded than those illustrated or edges not rounded at all. Similarly, the polymer layer p of the ropes R may comprise edges/corners more starkly rounded than those illustrated or edges/corners not rounded at all. It is likewise obvious that the load-bearing part/parts 11a-d, 12a-b, and 13 in the embodiments can be arranged to cover most of the cross-section of the rope R. In this case, the sheath-like polymer layer p surrounding the load-bearing part/parts 11a-d, 12a-b, and 13 is made thinner as compared to the thickness of the load-bearing part 11a-d, 12a-b, and 13 in the thickness-wise direction of the rope R. It is likewise obvious that, in conjunction with the solutions represented by figures, it is possible to use belts of other types than those presented. It is likewise obvious that both carbon fiber and glass fiber can be used in the same composite part if necessary. It is likewise obvious that the thickness of the polymer p layer may be different from that described. It is likewise obvious that the shear-resistant part could be used as an additional component with any other rope structure showed in this application. It is likewise obvious that the matrix polymer in which the reinforcing fibers f are distributed may comprise—mixed in the basic matrix polymer, such as e.g. epoxy—auxiliary materials, such as e.g. reinforcements, fillers, colors, fire retardants, stabilizers or corresponding agents. It is likewise obvious that, although the polymer matrix preferably does not consist of elastomer, the invention can also be utilized using an elastomer matrix. It is also obvious that the fibers f need not necessarily be round in cross-section, but they may have some other cross-sectional shape. It is further obvious that auxiliary materials, such as e.g. reinforcements, fillers, colors, fire retardants, stabilizers or corresponding agents, may be mixed in the basic polymer of the layer p, e.g. in polyurethane. It is likewise obvious that the invention can also be applied in elevators designed for hoisting heights other than those considered above.

(21) It is to be understood that the above description and the accompanying figures are only intended to illustrate the present invention. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.