Coil unit and electric vehicle

Abstract

A coil unit for an electric vehicle for the inductive transfer of electrical energy between the coil unit and a stationary charging station. The coil unit includes at least one coil and a flux guide unit for guiding a magnetic flux occurring during operation of the coil. Also disclosed is an electric vehicle having a coil unit for the inductive transfer of electrical energy between a secondary coil of the coil unit and a primary coil of a charging station. The disclosed coil solves the problem of allowing the safe use of the inductive electrical energy transfer in electric vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, by proposing a coil unit, in which the flux guide unit has material weakenings, and an electric vehicle having such a coil unit.

Claims

1. A device for inductive transfer of electrical energy between an electric vehicle and a charging coil, comprising: at least one coil; and a flux guide unit for guidance of a magnetic flux appearing during the operation of the coil, wherein the flux guide unit has material weaknesses configured, completely or partially, as predetermined breaking points, the material weaknesses extending in a plane of the flux guide unit that is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and at an inclined angle relative to the plane.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the material weaknesses essentially run transverse to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the material weaknesses essentially run concentric to a center of the flux guide unit.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the material weaknesses essentially run in the direction of the magnetic field lines of the magnetic flux guided in the flux guide unit.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the material weaknesses in the flux guide unit are provided grooves.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the material weaknesses are provided on different flat sides of the flux guide unit.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the material weaknesses are alternatingly provided on the different flat sides of the flux guide unit.

8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the material weaknesses are partial or complete breaks of the flux guide unit.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the breaks are, partially or completely, filled with an adhesive and/or bonding material.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the adhesive and/or the bonding material has ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic characteristics.

11. Electric vehicle with a coil unit for inductive transfer of electrical energy between a secondary coil of the coil unit and a primary coil of a charging station, wherein the coil unit is designed in accordance with claim 1.

12. A device for inductive transfer of electrical energy between an electric vehicle and a stationary charging station, comprising: at least one coil; and a flux guide unit positioned proximate the coil for guidance of a magnetic flux arising during the operation of the coil, the flux guide unit having a plurality of predetermined material weaknesses as paths extending along the flux guide unit, the paths disposed at an angle with respect to a planar surface of the flux guide unit, each path formed as at least one of a gap or weaker material relative to adjacent material of the flux guide unit, the paths sized and dimensioned to cause the flux guide unit to break free a substantial portion of the flux guide that is bounded by at least one of the weakened paths and to to guide the portion along the angled path to eject the portion away from a passenger compartment of the electric vehicle during an impact accident of the electrical vehicle to thereby reduce movement inertia of the flux guide and to thereby safeguard passengers of the electric vehicle from intrusion of the flux guide unit into the passenger compartment.

13. The device of claim 12, the predetermined material weaknesses extending along a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle as defined when the device is installed in the electric vehicle.

14. The device of claim 12, the material weaknesses in the flux guide unit having the form of grooves formed in the surface of the magnetic flux unit.

15. The device of claim 12, the material weaknesses being provided on upper and lower surfaces of the magnetic flux unit as defined when the magnetic flux unit is installed in the electric vehicle.

16. The device of claim 12, the predetermined material weaknesses extending into at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the magnetic flux unit as defined when the magnetic flux unit is installed in the electric vehicle, the weaknesses extending into the at least one upper and lower surface at an incline with respect to the respective upper or lower surface.

17. The device of claim 12, the predetermined material weaknesses formed as gaps between portions of the magnetic flux unit, the gaps at least one of partially or completely filled with at least one of an adhesive and bonding material that has at least one of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic characteristics.

18. A method of fabricating a flux guide unit for guidance of a magnetic flux during the operation of a coil aboard a moving electric vehicle obtaining power from a stationary power source, the method comprising: forming a plurality of predetermined material weakness as paths extending along the flux guide unit, each path formed as at least one of a gap or weaker material relative to adjacent material of the flux guide unit, the paths sized and dimensioned and disposed at an angle relative to a longitudinal plane of the flux guide unit surface to cause the flux guide unit to break into portions and to cause at least one of the portions to break free and to be guided by the angled path to be thereby ejected in a direction away from the passenger compartment during an impact accident of the electrical vehicle to thereby reduce movement inertia of the flux guide and avoid intrusion of portions of the flux guide unit into the passenger compartment.

19. The device of claim 1, a section of the flux guide defined by the material weaknesses on opposite sides of the section, the angles inclined to guide the section in a direction away from a passenger compartment of the electric vehicle when one or more adjacent portions of the flux guide are pushed against the section during an accident of the vehicle.

20. The device of claim 19, further including a sheet positioned adjacent to the section, the sheet sized and configured to resist movement of the section away from the vehicle during the accident of the vehicle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiment examples of the invention are described in detail, below, with the aid of the appended drawings. The figures show the following:

(2) FIG. 1, a lateral sectional view of an inductive energy transfer device with a first embodiment of a coil unit in accordance with the invention;

(3) FIG. 2, a schematic top view of the coil unit from FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3, a lateral sectional view of a second coil unit in accordance with the invention;

(5) FIG. 4, a lateral sectional view of a third coil unit in accordance with the invention;

(6) FIG. 5, a lateral sectional view of the coil unit from FIG. 4, after it was destroyed;

(7) FIG. 6, a lateral sectional view of a fourth coil unit in accordance with the invention;

(8) FIGS. 7 a-c, schematic top views of other coil units in accordance with the invention, with a circular disk-shaped flux guide unit;

(9) FIGS. 8 a-c, schematic top views of other coil units in accordance with the invention, with a square flux guide unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(10) FIG. 1 shows, schematically, a lateral sectional view of an energy transfer device 1 for the inductive transfer of electrical energy between a primary coil unit 3, installed on a lane bottom 2, which is, in fact, known, and a secondary coil unit 6 in accordance with the invention, placed on a vehicle bottom 4 of an electric vehicle 5. The longitudinal and forward traveling direction of the electric vehicle 5 is marked with an arrow L in FIG. 1.

(11) The primary coil unit 3 thereby comprises, in a manner which is, in fact, known, a primary coil housing 7 with a primary coil 8 located therein, with primary coil windings 9 and a primary coil-flux guide unit 10.

(12) The secondary coil unit 6, which is also only designated, below, as the coil unit 6, has—in a manner which is, in fact, known—a housing 11 with a coil 12, integrated therein, with coil windings 13. In order to attain as good as possible a guidance of the magnetic flux for the inductive energy transfer, the coil unit 6 has a flux guide unit in accordance with the invention, which is also integrated into the housing 11, in the form of a circular ferrite plate 14. Since the material of the ferrite plate 14, which is a good magnetically conducting material, is rather heavy, the ferrite plate 14 forms a massive and rigid object. Since the coil unit 6 is essentially placed parallel to the surface of the vehicle bottom 4 and exhibits a great inertia because of its heavy weight, the danger, in case of a rear-end collision, is that the ferrite plate 14 is hurled in the direction of the impact site and thereby destroys the coil unit 6 and perhaps travels from its anchorage on the vehicle bottom 4. Since the ferrite plate 14 is also very rigid, it also transfers—in the case of an impact—the impact energy in its longitudinal direction L, more or less undiminished.

(13) It is precisely when using the coil unit 6 in electric vehicles that measures must therefore be taken so that in case of an accident, especially a rear-end collision, the ferrite plate 14, if possible, causes no damage or only slight damage, and, if possible, does not pass on undiminished impact energy, but rather, if possible, absorbs a large amount of the impact energy.

(14) In this regard, the invention makes provision so that the ferrite plate 14 has material weaknesses which, in particular, with a rear-end collision, provide for the targeted breakage of the ferrite plate 14, wherein the impact energy is absorbed, and/or parts of the ferrite plate 14 can move against one another so much that the impact energy is not passed on directly, but rather the energy flow is interrupted.

(15) In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the ferrite plate 14 essentially has, as material weaknesses, grooves 15, running transverse to the longitudinal direction L. The grooves 15 or the crosslinks 16 of the ferrite plate 17 remaining there are particularly used, in case of a collision, as predetermined breaking points, where the ferrite plate 14 breaks in a defined manner. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in a preferred embodiment, the grooves 15 are arranged on different flat sides 17, 18 of the ferrite plate 14, so that the ferrite plate 14 easily breaks in the case of a collision, since the frontally introduced impact energy is conducted, at an incline, via the crosslinks 16, wherein a fraction of the impact energy running in the longitudinal direction L then leads to the zigzag breaking of the ferrite plate 14. In this way, not only the direct passing on of the impact energy is reduced, but rather the individual broken parts of the ferrite plate then escape laterally.

(16) In an embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3, the ferrite plate 14 has breaks 19, running transverse to the longitudinal direction L—that is, it is subdivided so that the result is four plate parts 14a-d. In order to reduce the disadvantages of the breaks 19 for the magnetic flux guidance through the thus produced material break or even the air gap, provision can be advantageously made so that impact sites between adjacent partial elements 14a-d are very narrow—that is, for example, the impact sites are pressed against one another by a mechanical holding device. Alternatively, by the casting of the plate parts 14a-d, preferably pressed against one another during the casting process, a good magnetically conducting connection can also be attained in the housing 11, and a high magnetic resistance, in particular, an air gap, can be prevented.

(17) Alternatively or additionally, the breaks 19 can also be advantageously filled with an adhesive or bonding material, which is preferably elastic, and in case of a collision, can be easily destroyed, for example, rubber or a soft-elastic plastic. Preferably, the adhesive or the bonding material can have a good magnetic conductance, for example, by the addition of an additive with a good magnetic conductance, such as ferrite powder. In a favorable continuation of the invention, the adhesive or the bonding material can have a poor electric conductance, so as to reduce or completely prevent any eddy currents from appearing in the ferrite plate 14.

(18) In order to further improve the desired break behavior of the ferrite plate 14, the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 provide for the provision of inclined breaks 20, running at an incline to the plane E, instead of the breaks 19 from FIG. 3, in the longitudinal direction L, running perpendicular to the plane E of the ferrite plate 14. These inclined breaks 20 can also be designed in such a way that they do not divide the ferrite plate 14 into individual partial elements 14a-d, but rather that the ferrite plate 14 remains, partially or completely, also connected to the inclined breaks 20, via crosslinks similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

(19) Preferably, the inclined breaks 20 are so inclined that with a collision of FIG. 6, to the left, indicated in FIG. 6 with the large arrow, the inner plates 14b and 14c, closer to the center, slide toward the traveling lane 2 and away from the vehicle bottom 4, if they are pushed together by the front most plate part 14a and, perhaps, the plate part 14d furthest in the rear. This ensures that in the case of an accident, the ferrite plate 14 or one or more of its plate parts 14a-d are, if possible, not pushed toward the electric vehicle 5 and, in the worst case, into its passenger space.

(20) In another advantageous development of the invention according to FIG. 6, provision can also be made to incorporate a protection element 21 into the housing 11; this additionally prevents that, in case of destruction, the ferrite plate 14 or its plate parts 14a-d can also not get from the housing 11 to the outside of the vehicle 5, so as not to endanger the outside area of the vehicle. Preferably, the protection element 21 can be produced from a material which does not impair the magnetic and/or electric characteristics of the coil unit 6, for example, a preferably flat Kevlar or aramid fabric or paper.

(21) In FIGS. 7a-c and 8a-c, schematic top views of other coil units, in accordance with the invention, with a circular disk-shaped or square ferrite plate 14 are shown, wherein the invention can also be implemented with other configurations, for example, rectangular, octagonal, polygonal, etc. With these drawings, it is assumed that the forward traveling direction and the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle 5 point to the left, as defined in FIG. 1.

(22) In the embodiments according to FIGS. 7a and 8a, material weaknesses 22 and 23 run in the shape of rays from the center of the ferrite plate 14 to the outside, wherein the material weaknesses 22 completely interrupt the ferrite plate 14, including its thickness, whereas the material weaknesses 23 do not extend to the periphery of the ferrite plate 14. In these embodiments, the material weaknesses 22, 23 essentially run in the main direction of the magnetic flux, which is produced, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7a, by nondepicted coil windings 13, arranged in the form of a spiral on the ferrite plate 14, and, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8a, by nondepicted coil windings 13, arranged in the form of a spiral in the square.

(23) In the embodiments according to FIGS. 7b and 8b, material weaknesses 24 and 25 run in a circular or square shape—that is, interrupt the main direction of the magnetic flux. If the material weaknesses 24 and 25, as indicated in FIGS. 7b and 8b, are complete breaks of the ferrite plate 14, then they can be filled with an adhesive or bonding material, described above in FIG. 3, so as to reduce its magnetic resistance. In this way, the break behavior of the ferrite plate 14 can be improved in the case of an inclined or lateral rear-end accident, so that the ferrite plate 14, if possible, breaks in the transverse direction to the rear-end collision.

(24) In the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 7c, material weaknesses 26 run in the shape of rays and not entirely to the periphery of the ferrite plate 14, similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8a, wherein in FIG. 7c, the material weaknesses 26 only break the ferrite plate 14 linearly.

(25) An embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 8c corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, with the difference that the ferrite plate 14 is square here and not round.

(26) Instead of the material weaknesses, described above and shown in the figures, in the form of grooves or complete breaks, the material weaknesses can also be designed differently, for example, by holes, stampings, or embossings, extending, completely or partially, through the thickness of the ferrite plate 14. Also, the material weaknesses can be advantageously produced by deliberately caused inhomogeneities of the material forming the ferrite plate 14, so that, for example, the thickness of the ferrite plate 14 remains the same at the points of the desired material weaknesses, but the density of the material is reduced. Also, the different types of material weaknesses can be combined with one another.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

(27) 1 Energy transfer device

(28) 2 Lane bottom

(29) 3 Primary coil unit

(30) 4 Bottom of the electric vehicle

(31) 5 Electric vehicle

(32) 6 Secondary coil unit

(33) 7 Primary coil housing

(34) 8 Primary coil

(35) 9 Primary coil windings of the primary coil

(36) 10 Flux guide unit of the primary coil unit

(37) 11 Housing of the secondary coil

(38) 12 Secondary coil

(39) 13 Coil windings of the secondary coil unit

(40) 14 Ferrite plate as a flux guide unit of the secondary coil unit

(41) 15 Grooves

(42) 16 Crosslinks

(43) 17 Upper, inner flat side

(44) 18 Lower, outer flat side

(45) 19 Breaks

(46) 20 Inclined breaks

(47) 21 Protection element

(48) 22 Ray-shaped material weaknesses

(49) 23 Ray-shaped material weaknesses

(50) 24 Circular material weaknesses

(51) 25 Square-shaped material weaknesses

(52) 26 Ray-shaped, linear material weaknesses