Abstract
Muzzleloader systems including a pre-packaged propellant charge with a primer and receptacle. The muzzleloader system may include a propellant containment vessel separate from the primer and the projectile and that doesn't contact with the projectile until assembly. The muzzleloader may be rear loading, with a constriction portion forward of the breech chamber. The propellant containment vessel may include a body portion having a forward opening, with a propellant charge disposed therein and a cap portion that is crimp rolled within the mouth of the vessel to seal the forward opening. The closed end of the propellant containment vessel may define a primer receptacle configured to receive the primer. The receptacle may define a depth that is less than the primer height so that, when inserted into the receptacle, the primer extends rearwardly beyond the containment vessel. The muzzleloader system may be configured to fire only specifically configured propellant containment vessels.
Claims
1. A muzzleloader rifle, comprising: a breech block that comprises a breech block face about a firing pin hole, and a recess in the breech block face configured to receive a portion of a primer, a barrel a breech chamber that opens rearwardly, a constriction portion forward of the breech chamber, and a barrel bore forward of the constriction portion, the barrel bore extending to a muzzle of the muzzleloader rifle and comprising a reduced diameter relative to a diameter of the breech chamber; wherein the muzzleloader rifle is configured to receive a propellant containment vessel in the breech chamber, the propellant containment vessel being configured for rearward loading into the breech chamber and comprising a rearward-facing face at a rearward end and defining a primer receptacle, the primer receptacle comprising a depth that is less than an overall height of a primer configured to be used with the propellant containment vessel, such that when inserted into the primer receptacle the primer extends rearwardly beyond the rearward-facing flange face of the propellant containment vessel.
2. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, the barrel configured to receive a projectile sized for the barrel bore and configured for loading through the muzzle of the muzzleloader rifle.
3. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1 wherein a firing pin of the muzzleloader rifle is precluded from extending forwardly past a plane of the face of the breech block.
4. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, wherein the muzzleloader rifle is capable of receiving a cartridge in the breech chamber, the cartridge comprising a rearward face and a primer being flush with the rearward face, and wherein a firing pin of the muzzleloader rifle is configured such that when fully extended forwardly it will not strike the primer of the cartridge.
5. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, wherein the propellant containment vessel comprises a polymer.
6. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, wherein the muzzleloader rifle is configured to receive the propellant containment vessel in the breech chamber, the propellant containment vessel being configured for rearward loading into the breech chamber and comprising a flange comprising a rearward-facing flange face at a rearward end and defining the primer receptacle.
7. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 6, wherein the muzzleloader rifle is configured to accommodate the flange of the propellant containment vessel within the muzzleloader rifle when the muzzleloader rifle is closed.
8. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 6, wherein the breech chamber comprises an annular recess configured to receive the flange of the propellant containment vessel.
9. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, wherein the breech chamber comprises a taper of an interior wall configured to correspond to a taper of an exterior surface of the propellant containment vessel.
10. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, where the constriction portion comprises a smaller diameter than the breech chamber and the barrel.
11. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, where the constriction portion is configured to comprise a smaller diameter than the propellant containment vessel and a bullet having a caliber of the muzzleloader rifle.
12. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, where the muzzleloader rifle comprises a breech action.
13. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, wherein the propellant containment vessel comprises a prepackaged propellant charge and is configured to propel a bullet having a weight greater than 200 grains.
14. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 1, wherein the propellant containment vessel comprises the entire propellant charge.
15. A muzzleloader rifle, comprising: a breech block that comprises a breech block face about a firing pin hole comprising a cooperating structure, the cooperating structure having a forward-most surface, a firing pin, a barrel, a breech chamber that opens rearwardly, a constriction portion forward of the breech chamber, and a barrel bore forward of the constriction portion, the barrel bore extending to a muzzle of the muzzleloader rifle and comprising an increased diameter relative to a diameter of the constriction portion; wherein the muzzleloader rifle is configured to receive a propellant containment vessel in the breech chamber, the propellant containment vessel being configured for rearward loading into the breech chamber and comprising a rearward-facing face at a rearward end configured for receiving the cooperating structure; wherein the firing pin is configured so as not to extend forward of the forward-most surface.
16. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 15, the cooperating structure selected from one of at least one pin, an annular projection, and a recess.
17. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 15, the barrel configured to receive a projectile sized for the barrel bore and configured for loading through the muzzle of the muzzleloader rifle.
18. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 15, wherein the muzzleloader rifle is configured to receive the propellant containment vessel in the breech chamber, the propellant containment vessel being configured for rearward loading into the breech chamber and comprising a flange comprising a rearward-facing flange face at a rearward end and defining a primer receptacle.
19. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 18, wherein the muzzleloader rifle is configured to accommodate the flange of the propellant containment vessel within the muzzleloader rifle when the muzzleloader rifle is closed.
20. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 18, wherein the breech chamber comprises an annular recess configured to receive the flange of the propellant containment vessel.
21. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 15, where the constriction portion comprises a smaller diameter than the breech chamber and the barrel.
22. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 15, where the muzzleloader rifle comprises a breech action.
23. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 15, wherein the propellant containment vessel comprises a prepackaged propellant charge and is configured to propel a bullet having a weight greater than 200 grains.
24. The muzzleloader rifle of claim 15, wherein the propellant containment vessel comprises the entire propellant charge.
25. A muzzleloader rifle, comprising: a breech block that comprises: a breech block face about a firing pin hole, and a recess in the breech block face configured to receive a portion of a primer, a barrel, a breech chamber that opens rearwardly, a constriction portion forward of the breech chamber, and a barrel bore forward of the constriction portion, the barrel bore extending to a muzzle of the muzzleloader rifle and comprising an increased diameter relative to a diameter of the constriction portion; wherein the muzzleloader rifle is configured to receive a propellant containment vessel in the breech chamber, the propellant containment vessel being configured for rearward loading into the breech chamber and comprising a rearward-facing face at a rearward end and defining a primer receptacle, the primer receptacle comprising a depth that is less than an overall height of a primer configured to be used with the propellant containment vessel, such that when inserted into the primer receptacle the primer extends rearwardly beyond the rearward-facing flange face of the propellant containment vessel.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) The claimed invention can be completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments disclosed herein in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
(2) FIG. 1 is a side view of a breech break muzzleloader rifle according to embodiments of the disclosure.
(3) FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the muzzleloader rifle of FIG. 1 illustrating the breech loading of a propellant containment vessel and installation of a primer according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(4) FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a breech block of the muzzleloader rifle of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(5) FIG. 4 is a dimensioned propellant containment vessel according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(6) FIG. 5A is perspective view of a propellant containment vessel with a head that defines an annular recess according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(7) FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of a propellant containment vessel of FIG. 5A according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(8) FIG. 6 is a side view of a propellant vessel in accord with embodiments according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(9) FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the vessel of FIG. 6 depicting transparency of the vessel portion according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(10) FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the vessel with a primer receptacle for receiving a primer according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(11) FIG. 9 is a side view of the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5 before insertion of a primer according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(12) FIG. 10 is a side view of the vessel of FIG. 9 with primer insertion according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(13) FIG. 11 is a side view of a vessel according to an embodiment before primer insertion according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(14) FIG. 12 is a side view of the vessel of FIG. 11 with primer inserted according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(15) FIG. 13 is a side view of the vessel of FIGS. 6 and 7 before primer insertion according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(16) FIG. 14 is a side view of the vessel of FIG. 13 with primer inserted according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(17) FIG. 15 is a perspective cutaway view of a muzzleloader power cell including an over-powder disk secured with roll crimps according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(18) FIG. 16 is an enlarged, partial view of the forward end of the muzzleloader power cell of FIG. 15 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(19) FIG. 17 is a partial, perspective cross-sectional view of the muzzleloader power cell of FIG. 15 loaded in a breech chamber of the muzzleloader rifle of FIGS. 1 through 3 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(20) FIG. 18 is a side cross-sectional view of a propellant containment vessel of the muzzleloader power cell of FIG. 15 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(21) FIGS. 19A through 19C are cross-sectional elevational views of the muzzleloader power cell of FIG. 15 at various stages of manufacturing according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(22) FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the muzzleloader power cell of FIG. 15 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(23) FIG. 21 is a simplified perspective view of a breech block having projecting pins for mating with the annular recess of the propellant vessel of FIGS. 5A and 5B according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(24) FIG. 22 is a simplified perspective view of a breech block having an annular projection for mating with the annular recess of the propellant vessel of FIGS. 5A and 5B according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(25) FIG. 23 is a simplified perspective view of a breech block defining a recess for receiving the rearward projecting primer of the propellant vessel of FIGS. 12 and 14 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(26) FIG. 24 is a simplified perspective view of a breech block having an off-center firing pin for rimfire primers according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(27) FIG. 25 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the muzzleloader rifle of FIG. 1 illustrating the embodiments of FIGS. 13, 14, and 23 in a loaded and pre-fired configuration according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(28) FIG. 26 is the partial cross-sectional side view of FIG. 25 after discharge with the projectile having left the seated position according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(29) FIG. 27 is the partial cross-sectional side view of FIG. 25 with an empty breech and the firing pin fully extended according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
(30) While the disclosed embodiments are amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been depicted by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the claimed invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(31) Referring to FIGS. 1-3, a muzzleloader system 20 includes a muzzleloader rifle 22, a muzzle loaded projectile 25, a breech loaded muzzleloader power cell 32 having a primer receptacle 34, and a primer 38 insertable into the primer receptacle 34 of the muzzleloader power cell 32. The muzzleloader power cell 32 includes a propellant containment vessel 40 that contains a quantity of propellant. In some embodiments, the muzzleloader power cell 32 is separate from the primer 38 and the projectile 25 until the system is ready for firing.
(32) In some embodiments, the muzzleloader 20 has a breech brake 42 that opens as shown in FIG. 2 revealing a breech face 43 of the breech end 44 of a barrel 46. A breech block 48 has a breech block face 50 that confronts the breech face 43. A breech chamber 60 open rearwardly, a constriction portion 54, is positioned forward of the breech chamber 60, and a barrel bore 31 forward of the constriction portion 54 that extends to a muzzle 56. The muzzleloader power cell 32 is sized to be conformingly received in the breech chamber 60. The muzzleloader rifle 22 includes a trigger mechanism 64 for actuating a firing pin 70.
(33) Herein, “forward” and its derivatives (e.g., forwardly, forward-most) is designated by arrow 71 refers to a direction that is parallel to the z-axis of the r-θ-z axis of FIG. 2 and parallel to a direction of the travel of the projectile 25 upon discharge. “Rearward” and its derivatives (e.g., rearwardly, rearward-most) is a direction that is opposite the forward direction 71, designated by arrow 73.
(34) Referring specifically to FIG. 3, In some embodiments, the breech block 48 has two pertinent surfaces that are within a rearward axial projection 72 of the breech chamber 60, one is a forwardly most surface 74, and the other is a primer confronting surface 76 that faces forward and extends around the firing pin opening and the firing pin travel path. In some embodiments, the firing pin travel is constrained to have a forward stop position such that forward travel is precluded beyond a plane 77 perpendicular to the barrel axis A1 positioned at the breech block forwardly most surface 74. In some embodiments, when the muzzleloader is loaded and ready for firing, the breech block forwardly most surface is forward of the rearward-most surface of the propellant vessel with primer 38. The positioning as such limits the firing pin to only strike the specially conformingly configured propellant vessels with primers 38.
(35) Referring to FIG. 4 example suitable dimensions for the muzzleloader power cell 32 are presented according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The dimensions presented as an example and are non-limiting. In some embodiments, the dimensions may vary to within 5% of specified values.
(36) Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, a muzzleloader power cell 32a is depicted according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The muzzleloader power cell 32a includes a propellant containment vessel 40a. Herein, muzzleloader power cells and propellant containment vessels are referred to collectively and generically as “muzzleloader power cell(s) 32” and “propellant containment vessel(s) 40,” and specifically or individually by the reference characters 32 and 40, respectively, followed by a letter suffix (e.g., “muzzleloader power cell 32a” and “propellant containment vessel 40a”). The propellant containment vessel 40a includes a forward body portion 82 that includes a tubular wall portion 83, the forward body portion 82 defining a cavity 84 that contains a quantity or charge of propellant 85. The forward body portion 82 extends rearwardly from a forward end portion 106, concentric about the body axis 87 to and defines a rearward mouth 87. A rearward cup 86 is disposed in the rearward mouth 87 that closes and seals the propellant 85 within the cavity 84. Certain aspects of the configuration of FIGS. 5A and 5B are further explained in International Patent Application Publication WO 2019/144161, owned by the assignee of the current application, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety except for patent claims and express definitions contained therein.
(37) Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, a muzzleloader power cell 32b is depicted according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The muzzleloader power cell 32b includes some of the same components and attributes as the muzzleloader power cell 32a, which are identified with same-numbered reference characters. The muzzleloader power cell 32b includes a propellant containment vessel 40a having a rearward body portion 90 that defines the cavity 84 and extends forwardly to and defines a forward mouth 91. The forward mouth 91 is configured to receive a forward cap 92 to seal the propellant 85 therein.
(38) Referring to FIGS. 8 through 14 and again to FIGS. 4 through 7, propellant containment vessels 80 include a rearward or head end portion 94 with a flange 96 that defines a primer receptacle 98 defining a primer recess 99, and a rearward flange face 102. A membrane 97 isolates the cavity 84 and the primer recess 99 so that, prior to discharge, there is no fluid communication between the cavity 84 and the primer recess 99. The forward end portion 106 of the muzzleloader power cell 32 is shaped to conform to the constriction portion 54 of the muzzleloader rifle 22.
(39) Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10 and again to FIGS. 5A and 5B, muzzleloader power cells 32a and 32b are depicted according to embodiments of the disclosure. The muzzleloader power cells 32a and 32b include propellant containment vessels 40a and 40b, each defining an annular recess 120 for receiving cooperating structures 122 (FIGS. 21 and 22) on the breech block face 50. The cooperating structures 122 may include, for example, pins 124 (FIG. 21) or an annular projection 126 (FIG. 22). In such arrangements, an end surface 130 of the pins 124 and a rearward extremity 136 of the annular projection 126 constitute the forward-most surfaces 74 of the breech block face 50 as described above. The firing pin 70 is configured so as not to extend forward of the forward-most surfaces 74 when actuated.
(40) Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, in some embodiments, the recess 99 of the primer receptacle 98 of the propellant containment vessel 40 has a depth D that is less than an overall height H of the primer 38 so that the primer 38, such that when inserted into the primer receptacle 98, the primer 38 including a primer flange 146, extends rearwardly beyond the rearward-facing flange face 102 of the propellant containment vessel 32. In some embodiments, the muzzleloader system includes means that preclude the firing of a rifle cartridge by the muzzleloader 20.
(41) Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14, the flange 96 includes the annular projection 126 with the primer recess 99 being defined therein. The annular projection extends an axial length L1 beyond the rearward flange face 102 of the flange 96 in the rearward direction 73. Upon installation of the primer 38, the annular projection 126 and the primer flange 146 of the primer 36 stack up to project rearwardly, defining an axial length L2 relative to the rearward flange face 102 of the flange 96.
(42) Referring to FIGS. 15 through 17, a muzzleloader power cell 32f including an over-powder disk secured with roll crimps is depicted according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The muzzleloader power cell 32f includes several of the same components and attributes as the muzzleloader power cell 32e, some of which are indicated with same-numbered reference characters. The muzzleloader power cell 32f includes a propellant containment vessel 40f, primer 38, propellant 85, and an over-powder disk 202 coupled to the forward mouth 91. The propellant containment vessel 40f may be of a transparent or translucent material (depicted), as discussed above. The over-powder disk 202 is captured at the forward end 106 of the propellant containment vessel 40f between a ledge portion 204 and a roll crimp 206 of the propellant containment vessel 40f to close and seal the propellant 85 within the cavity 84.
(43) The muzzleloader power cell 32f defines an overall axial length 208, extending from a rearward extremity 212 of the annular projection 146 to a forward extremity 214 of the roll crimp 206 of the propellant containment vessel 40f. The propellant containment vessel 40f defines a body axial length 216 that extends from a forward face 218 of the flange 96 to the forward extremity 214 of the roll crimp 206, and also defines a breech chamber axial insertion length 220 that extends from a rearward face of the flange 96 to the forward extremity 214 of the roll crimp 206. In operation, the muzzleloader power cell 32f is inserted into the breech chamber 60 so that the roll crimp 206 registers against the constriction portion 54 of the muzzleloader rifle 22.
(44) Referring to FIG. 18, the propellant containment vessel 40f is depicted prior to assembly of the muzzleloader power cell 32f according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The propellant containment vessel 40f is a unitary polymer structure 232 that includes the flange 96, primer receptacle 98, and membrane 97 at the rearward end portion 94. At the forward end portion 106, the propellant containment vessel 40f defines the ledge portion 204 that is rearward of the forward mouth 91, the ledge portion 204 projecting radially inward (i.e., toward the body axis 87) from an interior surface 236 of the tubular wall portion 83 of the propellant containment vessel 40f The ledge portion 204 defines a seating face 238 that faces forwardly, toward the forward mouth 91. In some embodiments, the ledge portion 204 is a continuous annular ledge. In some embodiments, the ledge portion 204 is a shoulder 242 (depicted) that transitions between a proximal thick wall portion 244 and a distal thin wall portion 246 of the tubular wall portion 83. In some embodiments, an exterior surface 248 the tubular wall portion 83 of the propellant containment vessel 40f (as well as for propellant containment vessels 40 generally) tapers toward the body axis 87 in the forward direction 71.
(45) The unitary polymer structure 232 of the propellant containment vessel 40f (as well as for propellant containment vessels 40 generally) may be fabricated by techniques known to the artisan, such as injection molding, machining, or a combination thereof. For example, the unitary polymer structure 232 may be initially cast by an injection molding technique that is finished by machining techniques to provide tighter tolerances of critical surfaces and lengths (e.g., the seating face 238 of the ledge portion 204, the rearward flange face 102, the axial length L1 to the rearward extremity 136 of the annular projection 126, and/or a thickness of the distal thin wall portion 246). The over-powder disk 202 may be manufactured, for example, from a polymer or cardboard.
(46) Functionally, the annular projection 126 provides the same safety aspects as with the muzzleloader cell 32e, described above attendant to FIGS. 13 and 14. The membrane 97 prevents propellant 85 from leaking out of the cavity 84 into the primer receptacle 98 during shipping, storage, and handling. The ledge portion 204 provides a reliable seating position along the body axis 87 for the over-powder disk 202, and cooperates with the roll crimp 206 to secure the over-powder disk 202 and seal the cavity 84. The distal thin wall portion 246 can enable easier and more reliable formation of the crimp roll 206, while providing the proximal thick wall portion 244 provides the necessary structural integrity of the propellant containment vessel 40f to avoid rupture of the muzzleloader power cell 32f during discharge. The taper of the exterior surface 248 may conform to a complementary-shaped interior wall of the breech chamber 60 for better support of the muzzleloader power cells 32 (and muzzleloader power cells 32 generally) during discharge.
(47) Referring to FIGS. 19A through 19C, a process for manufacturing the muzzleloader power cell 32f is depicted according to an embodiment of the disclosure. A depiction of the fully assembled power cell 32f is depicted at FIG. 20. The unitary polymer structure 232 of the propellant containment vessel 40f may undergo the fabrication and finishing processes described above attendant to FIG. 18. The propellant 85 is disposed in the rearward body portion 90 of the unitary polymer structure 232 (FIG. 19A). The over-powder disk 202 is inserted into the forward mouth 91 so that a rearward face 252 of the over-powder disk 202 is seated on the ledge portion 204 of the propellant containment vessel 40f (FIG. 19B). The propellant containment vessel 40f with propellant 85 and over-powder disk 202 inserted undergoes a roll crimping process, for example with a roll crimping tool 254 inserted in the forward mouth 91 (FIG. 19C). The roll crimping process forms the roll crimp 206, bringing the roll crimp 206 into contact with a forward face 256 of the over-powder disk 202, thereby tightly securing the over-powder disk 202 within the forward mouth 91 of the propellant containment vessel 40f.
(48) Referring to FIGS. 11 through 14 and 23, the rearward central projections are sized to fit a recess 150 defined in the breech block face 50 about the firing pin hole 155. A primer confrontation and engagement surface 157 is at the bottom of the recess and extends about the firing pin hole 155. In this embodiment, the breech block face 50 is the forward most surface 74 of the breech block and the firing pin 70 does not extend past the plane defined by this surface. Functionally, standard cartridges with primers that are flush with a rearward face of the cartridge cannot be fired in this arrangement, because the firing pin 70 does not reach the primer.
(49) Referring to FIG. 24, a breech block firing pin arrangement may be utilized with propellant containment vessels embodiments by substituting a rimfire primer for the conventional centerfire primers. The firing pin is offset from the intersection of the central axis A1 of the barrel with the breech block face 50 when the muzzleloader is closed. The position such that the firing pin will strike the rim of a centrally positioned rim fire primer.
(50) Referring to FIGS. 25 through 27, the firing pin 70 travel is illustrated in accord with embodiments. FIG. 25 the muzzleloader is loaded with a bullet, a propellant containment vessel, and a primer. The primer flange and rear face projecting into a recess 150 in the breech block face 50. FIG. 26 shows the firing pin impacting the primer causing ignition of the propellant in the propellant containment vessel and launching the bullet. FIG. 27 illustrates the end stop 169 of forward travel of the firing pin 70 without a propellant containment vessel in the breech chamber 60. Said travel does not extend past the plane defined by the breech face. Stop surfaces 171 on the breech block engaging with surfaces 173d on the firing pin may provide such an end stop 169.
(51) The following United States patents are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety except for patent claims and express definitions contained therein: U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,273,941; 9,261,335; 9,003,973; 8,875,633; 8,869,702; 8,763,535; 8,726,560; 8,590,199; 8,573,126; 8,561,543; 8,453,367; 8,443,730; 8,240,252; 8,146,505; 7,984,668; 7,621,208; 7,444,775; 7,441,504; 7,302,890; 7,278,358; 7,225,741; 7,059,234; 6,931,978; 6,845,716; 6,752,084; 6,625,916; 6,564,719; 6,439,123; 6,178,889; 5,677,505; 5,492,063; 5,359,937; 5,216,199; 4,955,157; 4,169,329; 4,098,016; 4,069,608; 4,058,922; 4,057,003; 3,776,095; 3,771,415; and 3,261,291. Components and features illustrated in the incorporated by reference references may be utilized with embodiments herein. Incorporation by reference is discussed, for example, in MPEP section 2163.07(B).
(52) All of the features disclosed, claimed, and incorporated by reference herein, and all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is an example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. Inventive aspects of this disclosure are not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiments, but rather extend to any novel embodiment, or any novel combination of embodiments, of the features presented in this disclosure, and to any novel embodiment, or any novel combination of embodiments, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
(53) Although specific examples have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose could be substituted for the specific examples disclosed. This application is intended to cover adaptations or variations of the present subject matter. Moreover, the embodiments herein may have applicability to other types of firearms. Therefore, it is intended that the invention be defined by the attached claims and their legal equivalents, as well as the illustrative aspects. The above described embodiments are merely descriptive of its principles and are not to be considered limiting.
