Pneumatic projectile launching system

Abstract

A pneumatic assembly for a projectile launching system including a body defining a continuous bore. A nozzle is positioned within the bore adjacent the forward end of the body and is moveable between a rearward position wherein the nozzle facilitates passage of a projectile through a projectile port and a forward position wherein the nozzle blocks the projectile port to prevent passage of a projectile therethrough.

Claims

1. A pneumatic valve mechanism configured for a projectile launching system comprising: a volume chamber; a valve positioned within the volume chamber, the valve moveable between an exhaust position wherein flow through from the volume chamber through the valve is facilitated while flow into the volume chamber from a fill port is prevented and a filling position wherein flow through from the volume chamber through the valve is prevented while flow into the volume chamber from the fill port is facilitated, the valve being biased to the exhaust position; a sear which retains the valve in the filling position and releases the valve into the exhaust position when actuated; and wherein a secondary sear catches the valve as it moves into the filling position if the sear is currently actuated, then releases the valve onto the sear when the sear is no longer actuated.

2. The pneumatic valve mechanism of claim 1 further comprising: a body defining a continuous bore from a substantially open forward end of the body to a substantially closed rearward end of the body; the valve mechanism of claim 1: a nozzle positioned within the bore adjacent the forward end of the body, the nozzle moveable between a rearward position wherein the nozzle facilitates passage of a projectile through 4 projectile port and a forward position wherein a projectile is fired and nozzle blocks the projectile port to prevent passage of an additional projectile therethrough; a rear acting area of the nozzle in fluid communication with the volume chamber; a forward acting area of the nozzle onto which a constant rearward biasing force is applied; an interface between the nozzle and the valve mechanism which applies a force to the valve in the direction of the filling position during a section of the rearward travel of the nozzle.

3. The pneumatic valve mechanism of claim 2 wherein fluid flow into the volume chamber is controlled by the position of the sear and not by the position of the valve.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of this specification, illustrate the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, and, together with the general description given above and the detailed description given below, serve to explain the features of the invention. In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary semi-automatic pneumatic assembly in an idle/ready to fire position.

(3) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-automatic pneumatic assembly of FIG. 1 in a firing: sear released, firing valve forward position.

(4) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-automatic pneumatic assembly of FIG. 1 in a firing: firing valve forward, nozzle partially rearward position.

(5) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-automatic pneumatic assembly of FIG. 1 after firing in a reset: firing valve rearward, nozzle rearward, disconnector engaged position.

(6) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-automatic pneumatic assembly of FIG. 1 after firing in a reset: firing valve rearward, disconnector engaged, nozzle forward position.

(7) FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-automatic pneumatic assembly of FIG. 1 showing the input port and gas routing.

(8) FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-automatic pneumatic assembly of FIG. 1 showing gas routing ports.

(9) FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary single shot pneumatic assembly in an idle/ready to fire position.

(10) FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-automatic pneumatic assembly of FIG. 8 in the re-cocking position.

(11) FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary semi-automatic pneumatic assembly with a sear operated cutoff valve in an idle/ready to fire position.

(12) FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-automatic pneumatic assembly of FIG. 10 in the firing position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(13) Although the invention is illustrated and described herein with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made in the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims and without departing from the invention. The invention is described below with reference to a compressed gas, however, it is understood that the compressed gas may be any fluid as known to those skilled in the art or which may become discovered by those skilled in the art.

(14) Referring to FIGS. 1-7, the exemplary semi-automatic pneumatic assembly 100 includes a front cylinder 200 and a rear cylinder 201 joined longitudinally to house the pneumatic components of the assembly. An o-ring 300 forms a seal at the joint between the front cylinder 200 and the rear cylinder 201. The front cylinder 200 defines a series of bores 400, 401, 402 of varying sizes. The rear cylinder 201 defines a single concentric bore 403 interrupted by a groove 404. The groove 403 is in constant fluid communication with the input port 405 through a series of secondary ports 406,407 in the rear cylinder 201.

(15) A baffle 202 is located concentrically in the rear bore 402 of the front cylinder 201. The outside diameter of the baffle 202 is smaller than the bore 402 of the front cylinder such that a gas passage 408 is formed between them. The gas passage 408 is supplied from the forward secondary port 406 in the rear cylinder 201. The baffle 202 defines a series of concentric bores 409, 410, 411.

(16) A nozzle 203 is located in the center bore 401 of the front cylinder 200 as well as the front bore 409 of the baffle 202. The nozzle 203 defines a series of concentric bores 412,413. A forward external nozzle seal 301 is located on a forward diameter 414 of the nozzle 203 and a rear external nozzle seal 302 is located on a larger rear diameter 415 of the nozzle 203. A nozzle rearward acting area 416 is created due to the difference in diameters 414,415.

(17) The front and rear bores 409,411 of the baffle 203 are in constant fluid communication and form a volume chamber 420. An o-ring 308 forms a seal between the baffle 203 and the rear cylinder 201 to prevent gas flow into the volume chamber 420 from the baffle gas passage 408. The rear external o-ring seal 302 and internal o-ring seal 303 of the nozzle 203 seal the front of the volume chamber 420 and form a nozzle forward acting area 421 on the back face of the nozzle 203.

(18) A valve 204 located within the pneumatic assembly 100 spans from the rear bore of the nozzle 413 to the bore 403 in the rear cylinder 201. A nozzle stem 416 at the front of the valve 204 provides a sealing surface for the nozzle internal seal 303. A pair of exhaust seals 304,305 are located behind the nozzle stem 416. A series of radial holes 418 are located between the exhaust seals 304,305 and connect to the outlet 419 of the valve 204. The exhaust seals 304,305 seal in the center bore 410 of the baffle 202. A pair of filling seals 306,307 at the rear of the valve 204 seal on the bore 403 of the rear cylinder 201. The exhaust seals 304,305 and the filling seals 306,307 are located so that in the forward position of the valve 204 the forward exhaust seal 304 is no longer sealed and allows gas to flow through the valve 204 while the filling seals 306,307 span the groove 404 of the rear cylinder bore 403 to prevent gas flow into the volume chamber 420. In the rearward position the forward filling seal 306 is no longer sealed allowing gas to flow into the volume chamber 420, while the forward exhaust seal 304 is sealed preventing gas from flowing out of the volume chamber 420. A spring 206 biases the valve 204 in the forward direction. The front face 422 of the nozzle stem 417 serves as an impact surface upon which the nozzle 203 impinges upon during its rearward travel.

(19) The center bore 401 of the front cylinder 200 provides a bearing and sealing surface for the forward external o-ring seal 301 of the nozzle 203. The shoulder 423 formed by the forward bores 400,401 of the front cylinder 200 acts as a stop to limit the forward travel of the nozzle 203.

(20) The front bore 409 of the baffle 203 provides a bearing and sealing surface for the rear external o-ring seal 302 of the nozzle 203. The shoulder 424 formed by the two forward bores 409,410 acts as a stop to limit the rearward travel of the nozzle 203. The external nozzle O-ring seals 301, 302 form a nozzle fluid chamber 425 that can receive and release a volume of compressed gas from the baffle gas passage 408 through a port 426 at the front of the baffle 202.

(21) A sear 207 is located at the at the rear of the pneumatic assembly 100 and pivots on an axle 208. A catch surface 427 is located at the front of the sear 207 which interfaces with a surface 428 of the valve 204 to retain it to the rear. The sear 207 is biased in the catch direction by a spring. A secondary sear 209 is located within the sear 207 and pivots on an axle 210. The secondary sear 209 has a catch surface 429 at the front which interfaces with the same surface 428 as the sear 207. A spring 211 between the secondary sear 209 and the sear 207 biases the secondary sear 209 in the catching direction. The locations of the sears 207,209 are arranged such that the catch surface 429 of the secondary sear 209 is located rearward of the catch surface 427 of the sear 207 and will not engage the catch surface 428 of the valve 204 if the sear 207 is already engaged.