Bat having at least one disc along the length of the bat barrel

Abstract

A ball bat includes at least one disc member in the bat barrel. The at least one disc member may include at least one solid disc member or at least one non-solid disc member with an opening, or both. The outer perimeters of the disc members may optionally be separated from the inner wall of the ball bat by a buffer layer, such as a layer of open-cell foam or adhesive. In some embodiments, the ball bat may further include at least one positioning member, such as an insulation foam member. The at least one positioning member may be located between two disc members, and multiple positioning members may optionally be arranged in alternating fashion with disc members within the bat. The at least one positioning member may be an insulation foam member having a hollow center portion.

Claims

1. A ball bat, comprising: a barrel portion having an inner wall; at least one disc member in the barrel portion; a buffer material on the at least one disc member that separates the at least one disc member from the inner wall of the barrel portion; and at least one positioning member located longitudinally adjacent to the at least one disc member.

2. The ball bat of claim 1 wherein the buffer material comprises open-cell foam.

3. The ball bat of claim 1 wherein the buffer material comprises a liquid adhesive.

4. The ball bat of claim 3 wherein the liquid adhesive is located on an outer perimeter of the at least one disc member and on at least one face of the at least one disc member.

5. The ball bat of claim 1 wherein the at least one disc member comprises a plurality of disc members, wherein the at least one positioning member is located longitudinally between two of the disc members.

6. The ball bat of claim 1 wherein the buffer material is arranged generally in a cross shape on each face of the at least one disc member and over and around an outer edge of the at least one disc member, such that the buffer material engages the inner wall of the barrel portion in multiple locations.

7. The ball bat of claim 1 wherein the buffer material is positioned along an outer perimeter of the at least one disc member, such that the buffer material engages the inner wall of the barrel portion around the outer perimeter of the at least one disc member.

8. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the at least one positioning member comprises a foam material.

9. The ball bat of claim 1 wherein the at least one disc member comprises at least one magnesium disc member.

10. The ball bat of claim 1 wherein the at least one disc member comprises a plurality of solid disc members, and wherein the at least one positioning member comprises a plurality of foam members, wherein the solid disc members and the foam members are arranged in alternating fashion in the ball bat.

11. The ball bat of claim 1 wherein the at least one disc member comprises a plurality of non-solid disc members with openings, and wherein the at least one positioning member comprises a plurality of foam members, wherein the non-solid disc members and the foam members are arranged in alternating fashion in the ball bat.

12. The ball bat of claim 11 wherein the openings in the non-solid disc members each have a diameter of approximately 0.50 inches to 1.0 inch.

13. The ball bat of claim 1 wherein the at least one disc member comprises at least one solid disc member and at least one non-solid disc member with an opening, and wherein the at least one positioning member comprises a plurality of foam members, wherein the disc members and the foam members are arranged in alternating fashion in the ball bat.

14. The ball bat of claim 1 further comprising a tapered portion between a handle portion of the ball bat and the barrel portion of the ball bat, wherein one of the at least one disc member is located in the tapered portion.

15. A ball bat, comprising: a barrel portion having an inner wall; a plurality of disc members in the barrel portion; a buffer material on the disc members that separates the disc members from the inner wall of the barrel portion; and a positioning member located longitudinally between two of the disc members.

16. The ball bat of claim 15 wherein the positioning member comprises a plurality of positioning members, and wherein the disc members and positioning members are arranged in alternating fashion in the ball bat.

17. The ball bat of claim 15 wherein the positioning member comprises a foam material.

18. The ball bat of claim 15 wherein the buffer material is arranged generally in a cross shape on each face of each of the disc members and over and around an outer edge of each the disc members, such that the buffer material on each of the disc members engages the inner wall of the ball bat in multiple locations.

19. The ball bat of claim 15 wherein the buffer material comprises a liquid adhesive applied to an outer perimeter of each of the plurality of disc members.

20. A ball bat, comprising: a barrel portion having an inner wall; at least one non-solid disc member in the barrel portion, wherein the non-solid disc member includes an opening; a buffer material on the at least one non-solid disc member that separates the at least one non-solid disc member from the inner wall of the barrel portion; and at least one positioning member located longitudinally adjacent to the at least one non-solid disc member.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) For a better understanding of the various embodiments of the present invention, reference may be made to the accompanying drawings in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary ball bat with disc members and insulation foam members in the barrel portion of the ball bat constructed in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

(3) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ball bat of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is an alternative partial cross-sectional view of the ball bat of FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 4 is a plan view of an exemplary solid disc member in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

(6) FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the solid disc member of FIG. 4;

(7) FIG. 6 is a plan view of an exemplary non-solid disc member in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

(8) FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the non-solid disc member of FIG. 6;

(9) FIG. 8 is a plan view of another exemplary non-solid disc member in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

(10) FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the non-solid disc member of FIG. 8;

(11) FIG. 10 is a plan view of yet another exemplary non-solid disc member in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

(12) FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the non-solid disc member of FIG. 10;

(13) FIG. 12 is an elevation side view of exemplary disc members of FIGS. 4-11;

(14) FIG. 13 is a plan view of an exemplary insulation foam member in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

(15) FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the insulation foam member of FIG. 13;

(16) FIG. 15 is an elevation side view of the insulation foam member of FIGS. 13 and 14; and

(17) FIG. 16 is an elevation view of a schematic representation of a series of exemplary disc members and insulation foam members in accordance with embodiments presented herein.

(18) FIG. 17 is an elevation view of a schematic representation of a series of exemplary disc members with foam or another material on their surfaces, and insulation foam members located between the disc members, in accordance with embodiments presented herein.

(19) FIG. 18 is an elevation view of a schematic representation of a series of exemplary disc members with adhesive coated thereon, and insulation foam members located between the disc members, in accordance with embodiments presented herein.

(20) FIG. 19A is a plan view of a disc member with foam positioned on surfaces of the disc member generally in a cross shape, in accordance with embodiments presented herein.

(21) FIG. 19B is a perspective view of the disc member of FIG. 19A.

(22) FIG. 20A is a plan view of a disc member with foam positioned on the outer perimeter of the disc member, in accordance with embodiments presented herein.

(23) FIG. 20B is a perspective view of the disc member of FIG. 20A.

(24) FIG. 21A is a plan view of a disc member with adhesive coated on the disc member, in accordance with embodiments presented herein.

(25) FIG. 21B is a perspective view of the disc member of FIG. 21A.

(26) While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, a specific embodiment thereof is shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description presented herein are not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular embodiment disclosed, but to the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(27) The invention will now be described with reference to the drawing figures, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout. For purposes of clarity in illustrating the characteristics of the present invention, proportional relationships of the elements have not necessarily been maintained in the drawing figures.

(28) Referring to the drawings, FIGS. 1-3 illustrate a ball bat 10, the components and construction of which will be described hereinbelow. As shown in FIGS. 1-3, like other prior art ball bats known and understood in the art that are used in diamond sports like baseball or softball, the ball bat 10 can comprise a tapered portion 12 (preferably located near a proximal portion 14 of the ball bat 10) and a barrel portion 16 (preferably located near a distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10), as illustrated. The barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 can define an opening (not shown) provided at the distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10, which can be provided during manufacturing of the ball bat 10. Further, as illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, the tapered portion 12 and the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 can preferably share an inner wall member 20 of the inner diameter of the ball bat 10. Like prior art ball bats, the barrel portion 16 is preferably located at the portion of the ball bat 10 that strikes a ball (not shown) when the ball bat 10 is used.

(29) As best illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 may comprise a plurality of solid and continuous disc members 30 and a plurality of non-solid disc members 30′ disposed along the interior of the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. Each solid disc member 30 may generally comprise a center portion 32 and an outer circumference 34, and each non-solid disc member 30′ may generally comprise a center portion 32′, an outer circumference 34′, and at least one hole 36′ preferably located in its center portion 34′. The purpose of the at least one hole 36′ will be described in greater detail hereinbelow. In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of solid disc members 30 and the plurality of non-solid disc members 30′ can be preferably made of a carbon fiber. As recognized in the art, the use of solid disc members 30 and non-solid disc members 30′ comprising carbon fiber can result in greater batted ball speed, and thus for ball bats where batted ball speed needs to be reduced to conform with regulations, carbon fiber disc members 30 and non-solid disc members 30′ may be utilized. However, it will be understood that the plurality of disc members 30 and the plurality of non-solid disc members 30′ can be made of magnesium, polycarbonate, aluminum, thermoplastic composite materials, or any other suitable materials, and any combination thereof.

(30) The outer circumferences 34, 34′ of the disc members 30, 30′ can generally define outer diameters D1, D1′ of the disc members 30, 30′ that can correspond with an inner diameter of the ball bat 10 defined by the inner wall member 20. In a preferred embodiment, when a disc member 30, 30′ is inserted into the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10, the correspondence between the outer diameter D1, D1′ of the disc member 30, 30′ and the inner diameter of the ball bat 10 can create a fit within close proximity between the disc member 30, 30′ and the corresponding location of the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of disc members 30, 30′ can be in friction fit with the inner wall member 20 of the ball bat 10, such that the plurality of disc members 30, 30′ is firmly stabilized within the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10.

(31) As further illustrated in FIGS. 1-2, the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 may further comprise a plurality of insulation foam members or positioning members 40 disposed along the interior of the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10, wherein each insulation foam member or positioning member 40 may generally comprise a center portion 42 and an outer circumference 44. For ease of description, the positioning members 40 will be referred to below as insulation foam members 40 but it is understood that the positioning members 40 do not need to be an insulating material or a foam material. Any suitable positioning materials will suffice.

(32) In a preferred embodiment, an insulation foam member 40 can be formed as an annular cylinder such that the center portion 42 of an insulation foam member 40 can be substantially hollow having a particular density, and can define a radial thickness R. An insulation foam member 40 can include a substantially hollow center portion 42 so that the insulation foam member 40 does not reduce the performance of the ball bat 10 to a degree greater than necessary to obtain regulatory compliance. In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of insulation foam members 40 are made of pipe insulation foam. However, it will be understood that the plurality of insulation foam members 40 can be made of polyethylene foams, cross-linked polyethylene foams, polyurethane foams, reticulated polyurethane foams, specialty foams or any other suitable materials, and any combination thereof. The outer circumference 44 of each insulation foam member 40 can generally define an outer diameter D2 of the insulation foam members 40 that can correspond with an inner diameter of the ball bat 10 defined by the inner wall member 20.

(33) In a preferred embodiment, when an insulation foam member 40 is inserted into the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10, the correspondence between the outer diameter D2 of the insulation foam member 40 and the inner diameter of the ball bat 10 can create a fit within close proximity between the insulation foam member 40 and the corresponding location of the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of insulation foam members 40 can be in friction fit with the inner wall member 20 of the ball bat 10, such that the plurality of insulation foam members 40 is firmly stabilized within the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10.

(34) In a preferred embodiment, and as best illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and the plurality of insulation foam members 40 can be alternatingly inserted into the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. Thus, each insulation foam member 40 may generally separate adjacent disc members 30, 30′ from one another. For example, a first non-solid disc member 30′ can be preferably placed nearest the proximal portion 14 of the ball bat 10. The first non-solid disc member 30′ is preferably located substantially where the tapered portion 12 and the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 meet or abut one another.

(35) When the first non-solid disc member 30′ is inserted into the ball bat 10, the outer circumference 34 of the first non-solid disc member 30′ may substantially abut the inner wall member 20 of the ball bat 10. In one embodiment of the present invention, the abutment of the outer circumference 34 of the first non-solid disc member 30′ with the inner wall member 20 of the ball bat 10 may create a friction fit, such that the first non-solid disc member 30′ is firmly stabilized near the intersection of the tapered portion 12 and the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. When the first non-solid disc member 30′ is inserted into the ball bat 10 and is friction fit, the first non-solid disc member 30′ can be substantially perpendicular to the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. The first non-solid disc member 30′ can be located between about 3 and 12 inches from distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10 in one embodiment, between 4.5 and 10.5 inches from distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10 in another embodiment, between 6 and 9 inches from distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10 in yet another embodiment, and about 8.75 inches from distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10 in a further embodiment. However, it will be understood that, as described below, the distance and spacing of plurality of disc members 30, 30′ within the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 may vary depending on size and performance requirements of the ball bat 10.

(36) After the first non-solid disc member 30′ is inserted into the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10, a first insulation foam member 40 may be inserted into the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. As illustrated in FIGS. 1-2, the first insulation foam member 40 can be preferably located adjacent to and on the distal side of the first non-solid disc member 30′ and substantially abut the first non-solid disc member 30′. The first insulation foam member 40 can be positioned such that when a second non-solid disc member 30′ is inserted into the ball bat 10, the second non-solid disc member 30′ can be pushed toward the proximal portion 14 of the ball bat 10 until the second non-solid disc member 30′ substantially abuts the first insulation foam member 40. Because the first non-solid disc member 30′ is preferably stably and securely fixed within the ball bat 10, the second non-solid disc member 30′ may be pushed downwardly until the first insulation foam member 40 is somewhat compressed without dislodging the first disc member 30′. In a preferred embodiment, the above-described insertion process can be repeated for a series of alternating plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and plurality of insulation foam members 40 over the entire length of the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10.

(37) In an embodiment of the present invention, when the first insulation foam member 40 is inserted into the ball bat 10, the outer circumference 44 of the first insulation foam member 40 may abut the inner wall member 20 of the ball bat 10. The outer circumference 44 of the first insulation foam member 40 abutting the inner wall member 20 of the ball bat 10 may preferably create a friction fit, such that the first insulation foam member 40 is firmly stabilized near the first non-solid disc member 30′ within the barrel portion 16. When the first insulation foam member 40 is inserted into the ball bat 10 and is friction fit, the first insulation foam member 40 may be substantially perpendicular to the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. The first insulation foam member 40 can be located between about 2 and 11 inches from distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10 in one embodiment, between 3.5 and 9.5 inches from distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10 in another embodiment, between 5 and 8 inches from distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10 in yet another embodiment, and about 7.5 inches from distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10 in a further embodiment. However, it will be understood that, as described below, the distance and spacing of plurality of insulation foam members 40 within the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 may vary depending on size and performance requirements of the ball bat 10.

(38) The plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and the plurality of insulation foam members 40 can be alternatingly inserted into the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 in series such that alternating disc members 30, 30′ are located generally adjacent to the alternating insulation foam members 40. In one embodiment, after the final insulation foam member 40 has been inserted into the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10, an end cap 22, which may be substantially similar to those known and understood in the art, may be inserted via friction fit into the opening provided at the distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10. The end cap 22 may close the opening and preferably apply a slight pressure in a proximal direction to the plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and the plurality of insulation foam members 40 disposed within the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. Thus, the plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and the plurality of insulation foam members 40 are static within the ball bat 10. In using the above-described assembly method, in a preferred embodiment, manufacturing is driven by a number of friction fit securements and is a fairly simple process. In alternative embodiments, glues or other adhesives may be used to secure the plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and the plurality of insulation foam members 40 within the ball bat 10.

(39) In one embodiment, the series of alternating plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and plurality of insulation foam members 40 can comprise five disc members 30, 30′ that are concentrically aligned. In another embodiment, the series of alternating plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and plurality of insulation foam members 40 can comprise five insulation foam members 40 that are concentrically aligned. In yet another embodiment, the number of disc members 30, 30′ comprising the series of alternating plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and plurality of insulation foam members 40 can correspond with or equal the number of insulation foam members 40 comprising the series of alternating plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and plurality of insulation foam members 40. However, it will be understood that the series of alternating plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and plurality of insulation foam members 40 can comprise any suitable number of disc members 30, 30′ and insulation foam members 40, and may or may not be equal or correspond in number to one another.

(40) The series of the plurality of disc members 30, 30′ can comprise solid disc members 30 and non-solid disc members 30′. Solid disc members 30 can be located at a preferred impact area or portion of the ball bat 10 known as the sweet spot to satisfy regulations that have been placed on ball bats to reduce batted ball speed. The sweet spot generally includes a point of high performance, at which a batted ball leaves the ball bat 10 with the highest exit velocity compared to other portions of the ball bat 10, and the resulting sensation on a batter's hands is lessened. The point of maximum performance is often approximately 4 to 8 inches, and usually 5 to 7 inches, from the distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10.

(41) In another embodiment, non-solid disc members 30′ can be introduced at non-sweet spot locations of the ball bat 10. At the non-sweet spot locations, the natural performance of the ball bat 10 and batted ball speed produced thereby is lower than in the sweet spot. Thus the non-solid disc members 30′ are used in the non-sweet spot locations because regulations may not require balls that are struck in those non-sweet spot locations to be reduced to the same degree as balls that are struck in the sweet spot. As known and understood in the art, and as a matter of physics principals, because the non-solid disc members 30′ include some degree of elasticity, batted balls that are struck off of portions of the ball bat 10 corresponding with the non-solid disc members 30′ have a greater batted ball speed than batted balls that are struck off of portions of the ball bat 10 corresponding with the solid disc member 30.

(42) As best illustrated in FIG. 3, a first non-solid disc member 30′ can be located closest to the proximal portion 14 of the ball bat 10. A second non-solid disc member 30′ can be located near the proximal portion 14 of the ball bat 10 and distal of the first non-solid disc member 30′. A first solid disc member 30 can be located distal of the second non-solid disc member 30′ and generally within the sweet spot of the ball bat 10. A second solid disc member 30 can be located near the distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10 and distal of the first solid disc member 30 while also being generally within the sweet spot of the ball bat 10. A third non-solid disc member 30′ can be located closest to the distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10. In one embodiment, the first solid disc member 30 and the second solid disc member can be placed 7 inches and 6 inches, respectively, from the distal portion 18 of the ball bat 10. It will be understood that the series of the plurality of disc members 30, 30′ can include any arrangement of solid disc members 30 and non-solid disc members 30′. It will be further understood that a plurality of insulation foam members (not shown) may be located between and adjacent to the plurality of disc members 30, 30′ illustrated in FIG. 3.

(43) FIGS. 4-5 illustrate an exemplary solid disc member 30. The exemplary solid disc member 30 may be an example of the solid disc members 30 shown and illustrated in FIGS. 1-3. FIGS. 6-11 illustrate various embodiments of non-solid disc members 30′, 30″, 30′″. The various embodiments non-solid disc members 30′, 30″, 30′″ may be examples of the non-solid disc members 30′ shown and illustrated in FIGS. 1-3. As best illustrated in FIGS. 4-11, the plurality of disc members 30, 30′, 30″, 30′″ can have outer diameters D1, D1′, D1″, D1′″ that can each be between about 1.5 and 3.5 inches in one embodiment, between 2 and 2.75 inches in another embodiment, and about 2.384 inches in yet another embodiment. However, it will be understood that the outer diameters D1, D1′, D1″, D1′″ of the plurality of disc members 30, 30′, 30″, 30′″ may vary depending on the size and performance requirements of any given ball bat.

(44) FIGS. 6-7 illustrate an embodiment of an exemplary non-solid disc member 30′, which may generally comprise a center portion 32′, an outer circumference 34′, and at least one hole 36′ preferably located in its center portion 34′. FIGS. 8-9 illustrate another embodiment of an exemplary non-solid disc member 30″, which may generally comprise a center portion 32″, an outer circumference 34″, and at least one hole 36″ preferably located in its center portion 34″. FIGS. 10-11 illustrate yet another embodiment of an exemplary non-solid disc member 30′″, which may generally comprise a center portion 32′″, an outer circumference 34′″, and at least one hole 36′ preferably located in its center portion 34′″.

(45) As best illustrated in FIGS. 6-11, the inner diameters I′, I″, I′″ of the at least one holes 36′, 36″, 36′″ of the non-solid disc members 30′, 30″, 30′″ can vary in size depending on the size and performance requirements of any given ball bat. For example, the inner diameters I′, I″, I′″ of the at least one hole 36′, 36″, 36′″ in the non-solid disc members 30′, 30″, 30′″ can be between about 0.125 and 2.0 inches in one embodiment, between 0.5 and 1.5 inches in another embodiment, and about 1.0 inch in yet another embodiment. In another embodiment, they can be between 0.50 inches and 1.0 inch.

(46) As shown in FIG. 12, the solid disc members 30 can have a thickness T between about 0.05 and 1.5 inches in one embodiment, between 0.1 and 0.75 inches in another embodiment, and about 0.125 inches in yet another embodiment. However, it will be understood that the thickness T of the solid disc members 30 may vary depending on the size and performance requirements of any given ball bat. Further, it will be understood that FIG. 12 may illustrate non-solid disc members 30′, 30″, 30′″ and their respective thicknesses (not shown), which can also be between about 0.05 and 1.5 inches in one embodiment, between 0.1 and 0.75 inches in another embodiment, and about 0.125 inches in yet another embodiment.

(47) It should be noted that in the illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 4-12, and as described herein, the disc members 30, 30′, 30″, 30′″ are described as being a particular size, material, and spacing relative to one another. The thicknesses of the various disc members 30, 30′, 30″, 30′″ preferably provides stiffness while keeping the overall weight in the ball bat 10 relatively low. Furthermore, the lower weight of disc members 30, 30′, 30″, 30′″ preferably allows for multiple disc members 30, 30′, 30″, 30′″ to be spread throughout the length of the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10. Not only does this preferably provide the proper performance governing the ball bat 10, but it also provides uniform durability throughout the length of the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10.

(48) In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, manufacturing is also preferably simplified because one outer barrel shell of a ball bat 10 can produce a large variation on final products and models depending in part on how many disc members 30, 30′ are inserted in the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 and how long the barrel portion 16 is produced.

(49) It should also be noted that the inclusion of disc members 30, 30′ along the barrel portion 16 of the ball bat 10 preferably create stress concentrations and abrupt changes in the stiffness along the length of the ball bat 10 such that the ball bat 10 can break during accelerated break in testing that is known and understood in the art. A ball bat such as the ball bat 10 disclosed herein can break during such testing and may help to allow the ball bat to ultimately pass required certification testing. The abrupt changes in stiffness help the ball bat 10 to break after exposure to ABI compression/rolling testing.

(50) FIGS. 13-15 illustrate an exemplary insulation foam member 40 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As best illustrated in FIG. 13, the insulation foam members 40 can have an outer diameter D2 between about can be between about 1.5 and 3.5 inches in one embodiment, between 2 and 2.75 inches in another embodiment, and about 2.384 inches in yet another embodiment. Further, as best illustrated in FIG. 13, the insulation foam members 40 can have a radial thickness R between about can be between about 0.1 inches and 1 inch in one embodiment, between 0.2 and 0.7 inches in another embodiment, and about 0.5 inches in yet another embodiment. Further yet, as best illustrated in FIG. 15, the insulation foam members 40 can have varying longitudinal heights H (as defined by the length from the proximal portion to the distal portion of an individual insulation foam member 40), such that the insulation foam members 40 can separate adjacent disc members 30 by longitudinal height H.

(51) In a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal height H of the insulation foam members 40 can be between about 0.5 inches and 3 inch in one embodiment, between 0.75 and 2 inches in another embodiment, and about 1.5 inches in yet another embodiment. However, it will be understood that the outer diameter D2, the radial thickness R, and the longitudinal height H of the insulation foam members 40 may vary depending on the size and performance requirements of any given ball bat. As best illustrated in FIG. 14, an insulation foam member 40 can be formed as an annular cylinder.

(52) FIG. 16 illustrates a series of alternating plurality of disc members 30, 30′ and plurality of insulation foam members 40 that are concentrically aligned. As best illustrated in FIG. 16, the disc members 30, 30′ can separate adjacent insulation foam members 40 by the varying thicknesses T, T′. As further illustrated in FIG. 16, the insulation foam members 40 can separate adjacent disc members 30, 30′ by the varying longitudinal heights H. As best illustrated in FIG. 16, a first non-solid disc member 30′ can be located at a first distance 100 from distal portion 18 of the ball bat (not shown). The first distance 100 can be between about 3 and 12 inches in one embodiment, between 4.5 and 10.5 inches in another embodiment, between 6 and 9 inches in yet another embodiment, and about 8.75 inches in a further embodiment. Further, as best illustrated in FIG. 16, a second non-solid disc member 30′ can be located at a second distance 110 from distal portion 18 of the ball bat. The second distance 110 can be between about 2.25 and 10.25 inches in one embodiment, between 3.75 and 8.75 inches in another embodiment, between 5.25 and 7.25 inches in yet another embodiment, and about 7 inches in a further embodiment. Depending on the size and performance criteria of any given ball bat, a first solid disc member 30 can be located at a third distance 120 from distal portion 18 of the ball bat. The third distance 120 can be between about 1.50 and 9 inches in one embodiment, between 3 and 7.50 inches in another embodiment, between 4.50 and 6 inches in yet another embodiment, and about 5.5 inches in a further embodiment. Depending on the size and performance criteria of any given ball bat, a second solid disc member 30 can be located at a fourth distance 130 from distal portion 18 of the ball bat. The fourth distance 130 can be between about 0.75 and 8 inches in one embodiment, between 1.25 and 6.50 inches in another embodiment, between 2 and 5 inches in yet another embodiment, and about 2.75 inches in a further embodiment.

(53) Depending on the size and performance criteria of any given ball bat, a third non-solid disc member 30′ can be located at a fifth distance 140 from distal portion 18 of the ball bat. The fifth distance 140 can be between about 0.25 and 6.75 inches in one embodiment, between 0.50 and 5 inches in another embodiment, between 1 inch and 3.5 inches in yet another embodiment, and about 1.25 inches in a further embodiment.

(54) In alternative embodiments, various combinations of disc members 30, 30′, including non-solid disc members 30′, 30″, 30′″, and disc members 30, 30′ made of carbon fiber or polycarbonate, and disc members 30, 30′ at various distances or spacings relative to one another may be provided. Such embodiments may be tailored to fit the particular size, performance, and/or weight drop requirements or preferences of any given ball bat.

(55) FIGS. 17-21B illustrate alternative embodiments in which the outer circumference or perimeter of the one or more disc members 30, 30′ is not in direct contact with the inner wall of the ball bat. Rather, foam, liquid adhesive, or another suitable buffer material is interposed between at least portions of the outer perimeter of the one or more disc members and the inner wall of the ball bat to change or improve the sound the bat makes when impacting a ball. Buffer materials that may be used to separate the disc members from the inner wall of the bat include open-cell foam, flexible adhesive, silicone, foam tape, heat-expanding foam, or other suitable sound-damping materials. For ease of description, open-cell foam will be referenced with respect to FIGS. 17 and 19A-20B. (FIGS. 18, 21A, and 21B are directed to an embodiment that uses adhesive as the buffer material, as described in detail below.)

(56) FIG. 17 illustrates one or more strips 150 of open-cell foam wrapped around at least a portion of the outer perimeter of each of the disc members 30, 30′. FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate an embodiment in which the strips 150 of open-cell foam are arranged generally in a cross shape along the faces of the disc member 30 and over and around the edges of the disc member 30 (which may be solid or may include an opening), such that the open-cell foam engages the inner wall of the bat at multiple locations. The cross shape may be replicated on the opposite face of the disc member 30, which is not visible in the figures. Using a cross shape or other configuration in which the foam strips 150 do not cover the entire perimeter of the disc 30 mutes impact sound to a degree found desirable by many players. Such a design may be particularly desirable in an aluminum or other metal ball bat but it could also be used in a composite ball bat.

(57) In some embodiments, the open-cell-foam strips 150 may have a width of approximately 0.40 to 0.80 inches, or approximately 0.625 inches, and a thickness (prior to insertion into the bat) of approximately 0.20 to 0.30 inches, or approximately 0.25 inches. Other suitable dimensions may alternatively be used. When the one or more discs 30 are inserted into the bat, the open cell foam may be compressed by the inner bat wall to a much lower thickness, for example, 0.088 inches or less.

(58) In some embodiments, the disc member 30 or 30′ located closest to the handle end of the bat is press fit into the tapered portion 12, which creates a stop against which the insulation foam 40 is positioned or pushed, followed by the next disc member 30 or 30′, followed by the next insulation foam member 40, and so forth. In these embodiments, the foam on the outer perimeter of the disc member 30 or 30′ pressed into the tapered portion 12 may be compressed to virtually no thickness.

(59) FIGS. 20A, and 20B illustrate another embodiment in which a strip 150′ of open-cell foam or another material is positioned along the outer perimeter of a disc member 30′. The illustrated disc member 30′ includes an opening 36′ in its central region but the disc member could alternatively be solid. Similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 19A and 19B, the strip 150′ of open-cell foam may have a thickness (prior to insertion into the bat) of approximately 0.20 to 0.30 inches, or approximately 0.25 inches. When the one or more disc members 30′ are inserted into the bat, the open cell foam may be compressed by the inner bat wall to a much lower thickness, for example, 0.088 inches or less. As described above, one of the disc members 30′ may be positioned in the tapered portion 12 of the bat. Such a design may be particularly desirable in an aluminum or other metal ball bat but it could also be used in a composite ball bat.

(60) FIGS. 18, 21A, and 21B illustrate an alternative embodiment in which an adhesive 160 is coated on at least one face and along the outer perimeter of each disc member 30, 30′. The adhesive 160 secures the disc member 30′ to the inner wall of the bat, while also damping sound upon impact with a ball. Such a design may be particularly desirable in a composite ball bat but it could also be used in an aluminum or other metal ball bat.

(61) From the foregoing, it will be seen that the various embodiments of the present invention are well adapted to attain all the objectives and advantages hereinabove set forth together with still other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the present structures. It will be understood that certain features and sub-combinations of the present embodiments are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and sub-combinations. Since many possible embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it is also to be understood that all disclosures herein set forth or illustrated in the accompanying drawings are to be interpreted as illustrative only and not limiting. The various constructions described above and illustrated in the drawings are presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the concepts, principles and scope of the present invention.

(62) As is evident from the foregoing description, certain aspects of the present invention are not limited by the particular details of the examples illustrated herein, and it is therefore contemplated that other modifications and applications, or equivalents thereof, will occur to those skilled in the art. The terms “having” and “including” and similar terms as used in the foregoing specification are used in the sense of “optional” or “may include” and not as “required.”

(63) Many changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications of the present constructions will, however, become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and the accompanying drawings. All such changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention which is limited only by the claims which follow.