METHODS AND FORMULATIONS FOR REDUCING BOVINE EMISSIONS

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods and formulations for reducing ammonia and carbon dioxide emissions from a bovine using lubabegron, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof. The present disclosure also provides bovine feed additives and bovine feed compositions.

Claims

1. A method of reducing one or more gas emissions selected from the group consisting of ammonia and carbon dioxide from a bovine in need thereof comprising orally administering to said bovine lubabegron, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas emission is ammonia.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein lubabegron, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, is the hemifumarate salt thereof.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said lubabegron, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, is administered in an animal feed.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more other active ingredients are administered to said bovine, wherein said other active ingredients are one or more selected from the group consisting of monensin, tylosin, and melengestrol, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said bovine is a cow.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said reduction is per pound of live weight of said bovine.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said reduction is per pound of hot carcass weight of said bovine.

9. (canceled)

10. (canceled)

Description

EXAMPLE 1

Reduction of Ammonia Emissions

[0021] Prepare lubabegron (L) as 4.5 g/lb of Type A Medicated Article. In a facility having at least eight cattle pen enclosures (CPEs), test two cycles of cattle, each cycle representing all dose (0, 1.25, 5, and 20 g/ton) and gender (steer and heifer) combinations. For the purpose of this example, a cycle refers to a group of 112 animals housed concurrently. Within each cycle, there are 2 cohorts of animals (56 animals per cohort). A cohort refers to a group of same gender animals representing each of the 4 doses. Up to 4 cycles are used to provide a total of 4 cohorts per gender.

[0022] Upon receipt of the cattle, allocate the cattle to CPEs to acclimate for 7 days. After the acclimation phase, for 91 days orally treat via feed one fourth of the cattle allocated to CPEs L 0 g/ton/day; one fourth 1.25 g/ton/day; 5 g/ton/day; and 20 g/ton/day (100% dry matter basis). Provide feed and water ad libitum. On day 91, collect body weight and load cattle for transport to the slaughter facility. On day 92, slaughter the cattle and evaluate the carcass. During the study, monitor and collect ammonia gas emissions data. Measure the ammonia emissions over the treatment period and normalize by body weight (BW) for the period (Days 0-7, 0-14, 0-28, 0-56, and 0-91) and hot carcass weight (HCW) (Days 0-91) (g of gas/animal; g of gas/lb of live BW; g of gas/lb of HCW). Using the process described above, the following results are achieved.

TABLE-US-00001 Reduction, as compared g of NH.sub.3 gas/lb of live BW g of NH.sub.3 gas/lb of to control (g of NH.sub.3 gas/animal) HCW Day 0-7 0-14 0-28 0-56 0-91 0-91 1.25 g/ton  5% 14% 16% 13% 11% 13%  (5%) (12%) (15%) (11%)  (9%)   5 g/ton  8% 17% 21% 18% 14% 16%  (7%) (16%) (20%) (16%) (12%)   20 g/ton 22% 27% 26% 19% 15% 17% (21%) (27%) (25%) (19%) (13%)

EXAMPLE 2

Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions

[0023] Prepare lubabegron (L) as 4.5 g/lb of Type A Medicated Article. In an appropriate facility having cattle chambers or rooms for individual animals (chambers), test ten cycles of twelve cattle each, each cycle representing all dose (0, 1.25, 5, and 20 g/ton) with a mixture of genders (steer and heifer).

[0024] Upon receipt of the cattle, allocate the cattle to chambers to acclimate for 7 days. After the acclimation phase, for 14 days orally treat via feed one fourth of the cattle allocated to chambers L 0 g/ton/day; one fourth 1.25 g/ton/day; 5 g/ton/day; and 20 g/ton/day (100% dry matter basis). Provide feed and water ad libitum. On day 14, collect body weight and load cattle for transport to the slaughter facility. On day 15, slaughter the cattle and evaluate the carcass. During the study, monitor and collect carbon dioxide gas emissions data. Measure the carbon dioxide emissions over the treatment period and normalize by body weight (BW) for the periods (Days 0-7, 0-14, and 7-14) and hot carcass weight (HCW) (Days 0-14) (g of gas/animal; g of gas/lb of live BW; g of gas/lb of HCW). Using the process described above, the following results are achieved.

TABLE-US-00002 Reduction, as compared to control g of CO.sub.2 gas/lb of live BW (g of CO.sub.2 gas/animal) g of CO.sub.2 gas/lb of HCW Day 0-7 0-14 7-14 0-14 7-14 1.25 g/ton 0% 2% 5% 4%  6% (0.2%).sup.  (3%) (5%) 5 g/ton 3% 6% 9% 7% 10% (4%) (7%) (10%)  20 g/ton 4% 6% 9% 7% 10% (4%) (7%) (9%)