CALCIUM OXIDE COMPOUND WITH HIGH PURITY

Abstract

This invention is about calcium oxide. The invention relates more particularly to obtaining the calcium oxide with high purity and on the implementation.

Claims

1-2. (canceled)

3. A production method of a calcium oxide compound, comprising: I. washing and drying a natural calcium oxide source, II. vibratory ball mill grinding the natural calcium oxide source, and III. calcinating the natural calcium oxide source in a rotary kiln using platinum as a catalyst and nitrogen to form an inert atmosphere at 700-1200° C. for 1-3 hours.

4. A production method of a calcium oxide compound, comprising: I. Washing and drying a natural calcium oxide source, II. Vibratory ball mill grinding of the natural calcium oxide source, III. calcinating the natural calcium oxide source in a rotary kiln using platinum as a catalyst and nitrogen to form an inert atmosphere at 1000-1400° C. for 1.5-2.5 hours.

5. The production method of the calcium oxide compound as in claim 4, wherein: the step III is conducted at 1150-1250° C. for 1 hour 45 minutes-2 hours 15 minutes.

6. The production method of the calcium oxide compound as in claim 5, wherein the step III is conducted at 1200° C. for 2 hours.

7. A calcium oxide compound, comprising: a compound, obtained by I. washing and drying a natural calcium oxide source, II. vibratory ball mill grinding the natural calcium oxide source, III. calcinating the natural calcium oxide source in a rotary kiln using platinum as a catalyst and nitrogen to form an inert atmosphere at 1200° C. for 2 hours.

8. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 7, wherein the compound is used as a food preservative.

9. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 8, wherein the compound is used in foods.

10. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 8, wherein a solution of the calcium oxide compound of by weight 0.1%-10% is used as the food preservative in foods.

11. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 8, wherein a solution of the calcium oxide compound of by weight 0.1%-2% is used as the food preservative in foods.

12. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 9, wherein the foods are solid or liquid selected from the group consisting of meat, milk, flour, nuts, vegetables and fruits.

13. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 7, wherein, the compound is used as a preservative antibacterial in foods, and the foods are solid or liquid selected from the group consisting of meat, milk, flour, nuts, vegetables and fruits.

14. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 7, wherein the compound is used as an antibacterial for Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli in foods.

15. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 7, wherein the compound is used in mammals for preventing or treating cancer.

16. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 7, wherein the compound is used in mammals for preventing or treating breast cancer.

17. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 15, wherein the compound is used in humans for preventing or treating cancer.

18. The calcium oxide compound as in claim 16, wherein the compound is used in humans for preventing or treating breast cancer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] FIG. 1 is a graph which shows the antibacterial activity in the cheese samples containing calcium oxides mentioned in the invention, surfcera and the cheese sample without additives.

[0051] FIG. 2 is a graph which shows the antibacterial activity in the feta cheese samples containing calcium oxides mentioned in the invention, surfcera and the feta cheese sample without additives.

[0052] FIG. 3 is a graph which shows the antibacterial activity in the boiled pasta samples containing calcium oxides mentioned in the invention, surfcera and the boiled pasta sample without additives.

[0053] FIG. 4 is a graph which shows the antibacterial activity in the bran bread samples containing calcium oxides mentioned in the invention, surfcera and the bran bread sample without additives.

[0054] FIG. 5 is a graph which shows the antibacterial activity in the meat samples containing calcium oxides mentioned in the invention, surfcera and the meat sample without additives.

[0055] FIG. 6 is a graph which shows the antibacterial activity in the salami samples containing calcium oxides mentioned in the invention, surfcera and the salami sample without additives.

[0056] FIG. 7 is a graph which shows the antibacterial activity in the mandarin samples containing calcium oxides mentioned in the invention, surfcera and the mandarin sample without additives.

[0057] FIG. 8 is a graph which shows the antibacterial activity in the zucchini samples containing calcium oxides mentioned in the invention, surfcera and the zucchini sample without additives.

[0058] FIG. 9 is a graph which shows the antibacterial activity in the potato samples containing calcium oxides mentioned in the invention, surfcera and the potato sample without additives.

[0059] FIG. 10 is a graph which shows the activity of calcium oxide mentioned in the invention on cancer cells.

[0060] FIG. 11 is a graph which shows the calcium oxide mentioned in the invention does not contain toxic effect on healthy cells.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0061] Materials and Methods

[0062] In the mentioned invention, egg shell is thoroughly washed several times and dried in an oven at 200° C. to remove moisture. Then, the shell is ground in a vibratory ball mill with a suitable vibration rate. Antibacterial agent is obtained with calcination of egg shell. Calcination of egg shell is carried out in the rotary kiln at 500-1400° C., preferably 700-1200° C., for 1-3 hours, preferably 2 hours, using platinum as a catalyst and nitrogen as a forming inert atmosphere. By this process, organic parts of the shell are removed and a white calcined substance is come out. Nitrogen provide an inert medium. The mentioned product was prepared at two different temperatures including 700° C. and 1200° C. named as Sample 1 and Sample 2, respectively. Moreover, the effectiveness of the samples are compared with the Japan based product named commercially as Surfcera. The elemental composition of Sample 2 is determined with the Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XDXRF). The composition analysis table of Sample 2 is as follows:

TABLE-US-00001 Element Amount (ppm) Calcium <700 000     Sulfur <25  Phosphorus <1500   Nickel <1 Arsenic <1 Antimony <1 Lead <1 Mercury <1 Strontium <40  Selenium <1 Silver <10  Sodium <100  Aluminum <5 Magnesium <4000   Tin <20  Potassium <150  Manganese <1 Barium <5 Silicon <1 Cadmium <1 Chromium <1 Vanadium <1 Cobalt <1 Copper <10  Zinc <1 Iron <10 

[0063] Sample 1 is the calcium oxide obtained from calcination of egg shell at 700° C. for 2 hours.

[0064] Sample 2 is the calcium oxide obtained from calcination of egg shell at 700° C. 2 hours.

[0065] Natural calcium oxide source contains especial egg shell, oyster shell and mussel shell.

[0066] In order to critical important minerals within the mentioned calcium oxide, the following values are given as the maximum amount of impurities. [0067] Sulfur≦1 ppm, [0068] Nickel≦1 ppm, [0069] Arsenic≦1 ppm, [0070] Antimony≦1 ppm, [0071] Lead≦1 ppm, [0072] Mercury≦1 ppm, [0073] Silicon≦1 ppm.

[0074] Examining of Antibacterial Activity

[0075] It is examined the antibacterial effect of mentioned calcium oxide in various foods. Solution of mentioned product may be prepared by using one of water, aqueous ethanol, glucose, glycerin, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol or mixtures thereof. Also, it can be prepared using other non-deleterious solvents for human health. The solution may be prepared in by weight 0.01% to 10% and used. The preferred amount of solution is 0.1%-2%. Mentioned product can be used in products such as meat, milk, flour, vegetables and fruits, nuts and is also used in cosmetic products and drugs as antimicrobial and antifungal. Furthermore, using of the product is also valid for crude, intermediate and final form of these products. When the spray solution of mentioned product is applied to the surface of fruits and vegetables, it prevents harmful agents to human health and also provides long-term protection of their freshness.

[0076] During the implementation phase, solutions by weight 0.1% to 4% of Sample 1 and Sample 2 were prepared. Also, it can be used as dispersed in practice. Mentioned calcium oxide applied on bread, pasta, water, feta cheese, cheddar cheese, cottage cheese, olive, tomato, cucumber, egg, meat, chicken, salami, mayonnaise, butter, cabbage, potato, mandarin, chips and effect was demonstrated. Although Sample 2 contains 99% calcium oxide, also it has a variety of minerals. pH of saturated solution of Sample 2 is 12-13.

[0077] Dairy Products

[0078] Equal amounts of cheese, feta cheese, mayonnaise, cottage cheese and butter is kept in 0.4% of aqueous solution of Sample 1, Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera at 21° C. for 0, 3, 7, 14 days and then, bacterial counts were made. Studied bacteria are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus ve enterococcus. Bacteria amounts were observed in all examples day by day. In the presence of Sample 1 and Sample 2, 900 000 and 600 000 bacteria are observed at the end of 14 days, respectively. When used Japanese Surfcera, 1 200 000 bacteria were found. On the other hand, 700 000 bacteria were determined in the sample without any additives which placed in pure water. As a result, Sample 2 (calcium oxide produced at 1200° C.) exhibited higher antibacterial activity than other sample. Antibacterial activity on cheese is shown in FIG. 1.

[0079] FIG. 2 shows the antibacterial activity on feta cheese. In the presence of Sample 2, there have been no bacterial growth at the end of 14 days. When used Japanese Surfcera, bacteria occurs only the first day and then all bacteria are destroyed. Moreover, Sample 1 and pure sample are used, the number of bacteria increased day by day. At the end of 14 days, 600 000 and 900 000 bacteria were seen with Sample 1 and pure sample, respectively.

[0080] Furthermore, same tests were carried out using cottage cheese, mayonnaise and butter. According to results of these three milk products, in the presence of Sample 1, Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera, there have been no bacterial growth at the end of 14 days. Besides, in the pure sample of mayonnaise, cottage cheese and butter, 900 000, 1 200 000 and 1200 bacteria were detected, respectively. It is seen that bacterial growth began in the seventh day for mayonnaise, in the first day for cottage cheese and in the fourteenth day for butter.

[0081] Bakery Products

[0082] Equal amounts of boiled pasta, bran bread and pie is kept in 0.4% of aqueous solution of Sample 1, Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera at 21° C. for 0, 3, 7, 14 days and then, bacterial counts were made. Staphylococcus aureus ve enterococcus were observed in all examples.

[0083] Antibacterial test results of boiled pasta is shown in FIG. 3. When used Sample 2, bacteria occurs only the first day and then all bacteria are destroyed. In the presence of Sample 1, Japanese Surfcera and pure sample, 900 000, 1 700 000 and 1 300 000 bacteria are observed at the end of 14 days, respectively. Apparently, Sample 2 exhibited the best antibacterial activity with boiled pasta.

[0084] The samples was also tested with bran bread at same conditions. As seen in FIG. 4, in the presence of Sample 1, Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera, bacterial growth was not observed for 14 days. Besides, in the pure sample of bran bread 14 000 bacteria were detected at the end of 14 days.

[0085] Antibacterial tests were performed with pie. Bacterial growth was only appeared in pure sample and 160 000 bacteria was detected at the end of 14 days.

[0086] As comparison, Sample 2 and pure sample were used to carry out the microbiological tests on bran brad at 37° C. for 7 days. The results have shown that there have been no bacterial growth with Sample 2. On the other hand, when used pure sample, 1 200 000 bacteria were occurred at the end of 7 days.

[0087] Meat Products

[0088] Equal amounts of meat, fish and salami is kept in 0.4% of aqueous solution of Sample 1, Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera at 21° C. for 0, 3, 7, 14 days and then, bacterial counts were made. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes were observed in fish and salmon. Also, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were occurred in meat.

[0089] Antibacterial test results of meat is shown in FIG. 5. In the presence of Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera, bacterial growth was not observed for 14 days. Besides, when used pure sample and Sample 1, 27 000 000 and 12 000 000 bacteria were occurred at the end of 14 days, respectively.

[0090] Antibacterial tests were also performed with fish and salami under same conditions. There is no any bacterial growth with Sample 1, Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera.

[0091] Bacterial growth was only appeared in pure samples and 30 000 000 and 28 000 000 bacteria was detected for fish and salmon, respectively.

[0092] For comparison purposes, Sample 2, Japanese surfcera and pure sample were used to carry out the microbiological tests on salami at 37° C. for 7 days. As seen in FIG. 6, there have been no bacterial growth when used Sample 2. On the other hand, 12 000 Klebsiella pneumonia and 6 000 000 Staphylococcus aureus were consisted in the presence of Japanese surfcera and pure samples, respectively. Apparently, Sample 2 is more effective than others.

[0093] Fruits and Vegetables

[0094] Equal amounts of mandarin, zucchini, potato, tomato, tomato paste, cucumber, olive and white cabbage is kept in 0.4% of aqueous solution of Sample 1, Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera at 21° C. for 0, 3, 7, 14 days and then, bacterial counts were made. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumonia were observed in fruits and vegetables.

[0095] Antibacterial test results of mandarin is shown in FIG. 7. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterococcus were consisted over mandarin. In the presence of Sample 1, Japanese Surfcera and pure sample, 17 000 000, 22 000 000 and 15 000 000 bacteria are observed at the end of 14 days, respectively. When used Sample 2, there have been no bacterial growth. Apparently, Sample 2 exhibited the best antibacterial activity with mandarin.

[0096] According to test results made with zucchini, bacterial growth increases day by day in all samples, as shown in FIG. 8. Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus occurred over zucchini. When used Sample 1, Sample 2, Japanese Surfcera and pure sample, 15 000 000, 4 000 000, 18 000 000 and 17 000 000 bacterial growth realized at the end of 14 days, respectively. Obviously, Sample 2 is more effective than others as an antibacterial and the worst is Japanese Surfcera.

[0097] FIG. 9 shows the antibacterial test results made with potato. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus occurred over potato. In the presence of Sample 1 and pure sample, 16 000 000 and 13 000 000 bacteria was observed at the end of 14 days, respectively. When used Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera, there have been no bacterial growth over potato.

[0098] Antibacterial tests were also performed with tomato, tomato paste, cucumber, olive and white cabbage under same conditions. There is no any bacterial growth with Sample 1, Sample 2 and Japanese Surfcera. Bacterial growth was only appeared in pure samples and a significant amount of bacteria was determined.

[0099] Cancer Cells

[0100] Cell Culture:

[0101] MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 2 mM L-glutamine, 10% FBS, 1% (v/v) antibiotics.

[0102] Measurement of Cytotoxic Activity with Icelligence System:

[0103] MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line (10000 cell/well) seeded onto 8-well special plate belonging to the icelligence system. Different doses of the sample (1000:5, 1000:1, 10 000:1) were prepared stopping device at twentieth hour as indicated in FIG. 10 and applied to the cells. After application, the two repeated measurements have been made with 15-minute intervals for 72 hours. The same results were obtained at all repeats and controls.

[0104] Accordingly, in the tests carried out in different concentrations, when the application held at 0.05% dose (1000:5), vital activity of existing cancer cells has ended at that moment applied. In the more dilute doses, it did not show any toxic effects on breast cancer cells.

[0105] As an astonishing result, antibacterial agent was obtained from the egg shell by calcination reaction. The temperature of the calcination process is significant for the activity of mentioned calcium oxide. Especially, calcium oxide obtained by the calcination temperature between 1000° C.-1300° C., preferably 1200° C., are very effective. When this invention applied to a variety of foods, it was observed a high level antibacterial effect and so, it can be reliably used in very wide limits. Other than that, it was observed that calcium oxide is also extremely effective on cancer cells.

[0106] Aqueous Solution of Calcium Oxide (CaO),

[0107] The reaction results in the form of CaO+H.sub.2O.fwdarw.CaOH+OH.sup.−, OH ions are released into the medium and these ions prevent growth of bacteria by breaking the cell walls of bacteria. Thus, CaO with high purity mentioned in the invention can be used in wide reliability for human health. Besides, Calcium oxide mentioned in the invention does not alter the taste and the smell of the foods.