DISPLAY APPARATUS, INTERLAYER FILM FOR LAMINATED GLASS, AND LAMINATED GLASS

Abstract

A display apparatus includes laminated glass comprising an interlayer film laminated between a pair of glass plates; and an irradiation device irradiating the laminated glass with light rays, wherein the interlayer film comprises a thermoplastic resin and a luminescent material, wherein an output of the light rays radiated from the irradiation device is equal to or less than 1 mW, and wherein the laminated glass emits light at a luminance of equal to or greater than 1 cd/m.sup.2 when being irradiated with the light rays.

Claims

1. A display apparatus comprising: laminated glass comprising an interlayer film laminated between a pair of glass plates; and an irradiation device irradiating the laminated glass with light rays, wherein the interlayer film comprises a thermoplastic resin and a luminescent material, wherein an output of the light rays radiated from the irradiation device is equal to or less than 1 mW, and wherein the laminated glass emits light at a luminance of equal to or greater than 1 cd/m.sup.2 when being irradiated with the light rays.

2. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light rays radiated from the irradiation device have a density of 0.1 to 550 mW/cm.sup.2 and an irradiation diameter of 0.005 to 3 cmφ.

3. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display apparatus is used for nightvision.

4. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display apparatus is used in a windshield of a vehicle.

5. An interlayer film for laminated glass comprising: a luminescent layer comprising a thermoplastic resin and a lanthanoid complex having a halogen atom-containing multidentate ligand, wherein the laminated glass emits light at a luminance of 1.3 to 165 cd/m.sup.2 when being irradiated with light rays having an output of equal to or less than 1 mW.

6. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein the lanthanoid complex is a lanthanoid complex having a halogen atom-containing bidentate ligand or a lanthanoid complex having a halogen atom-containing tridentate ligand.

7. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein a total content of potassium, sodium, and magnesium contained in the luminescent layer is equal to or less than 50 ppm.

8. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein the halogen atom is a fluorine atom.

9. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein the luminescent layer contains a lanthanoid complex having a halogen atom-containing bidentate ligand having an acetylacetone skeleton.

10. Laminated glass comprising the interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein the laminated glass is laminated between a pair of glass plates.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0145] FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an example of an interlayer film for laminated glass according to one or more embodiments of the present invention that has a wedge-like cross sectional shape.

[0146] FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating an example of an interlayer film for laminated glass according to one or more embodiments of the present invention that has a wedge-like cross sectional shape.

[0147] FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an example of an interlayer film for laminated glass according to one or more embodiments of the present invention that has a wedge-like cross sectional shape.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0148] Hereinafter, one or more embodiments of the present invention will be more specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Example 1

[0149] (1) Preparation of Eu(TFA).sub.3phen

[0150] 12.5 mmol of europium acetate (Eu(CH.sub.3COO).sub.3) was dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water, and 33.6 mmol of trifluoroacetyl acetone (TFA, CH.sub.3COCH.sub.2COCF.sub.3) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours at room temperature. The precipitated solid was filtered, rinsed, and then recrystallized using methanol and distilled water, thereby obtaining Eu(TFA).sub.3(H.sub.2O).sub.2. 5.77 g of the obtained complex Eu(TFA).sub.3(H.sub.2O).sub.2 and 2.5 g of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) were dissolved in 100 mL of methanol and heated under reflux for 12 hours. After 12 hours, methanol was removed by being distilled away under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining a white product. The powder was washed with toluene, unreacted raw materials were removed by suction filtration, and then toluene was distilled away under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining a powdery material. Recrystallization was performed using a mixed solvent of toluene and hexane, thereby obtaining Eu (TFA).sub.3phen.

[0151] (2) Preparation of Polyvinyl Butyral 1

[0152] A 2 m.sup.3 reactor equipped with a stirrer was filled with 1,700 kg of a 7.5% by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1,700, degree of saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, and the resultant was cooled to 14° C. as a whole. 99.44 L of nitric acid having a concentration of 30% by mass was added thereto such that butyralization of PVA was started. 10 minutes after the end of the addition of nitric acid, the temperature started to be increased up to 65° C. for 90 minutes, and then the reaction was further performed for 120 minutes. Then, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the precipitated solid was filtered and then washed 10 times with deionized water in an amount of 10 times as much as the amount of the solid contents in terms of mass. Thereafter, the solid was thoroughly neutralized using a 0.3% by mass aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, washed 10 times with deionized water in an amount of 10 times as much as the amount of the solid contents in terms of mass, and dehydrated and dried, thereby obtaining a polyvinyl butyral resin 1 (PVB1).

[0153] (3) Manufacturing Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and Laminated Glass

[0154] 0.2 parts by weight of the obtained Eu(TFA).sub.3phen was added to 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), thereby preparing a luminescent plasticizer solution. The entirety of the obtained plasticizer solution and 100 parts by weight of the obtained polyvinyl butyral 1 were thoroughly kneaded together by using a mixing roll, thereby preparing a resin composition.

[0155] The obtained resin composition was extruded using an extruder, thereby obtaining an interlayer film for laminated glass (thickness: 760 μm).

[0156] For the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass, a total content of sodium, potassium, and magnesium was measured using an ICP emission spectrometer (“ICPE-9000” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). As a result, it was confirmed that the total content was equal to or less than 50 ppm.

[0157] The obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness: 2.5 mm) having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width), thereby obtaining a laminate. In a state of being kept at 90° C. for 30 minutes in a vacuum laminator, the obtained laminate was pressure-bonded by being subjected to vacuum pressing. After pressure bonding, the laminate was further pressure-bonded for 20 minutes by using an autoclave under conditions of 140° C. and 14 MPa, thereby obtaining laminated glass.

[0158] (4) Manufacturing Display Apparatus

[0159] The obtained laminated glass was combined with, as an irradiation device, a mercury light source (“REX-250” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.) for which an output of light rays was set to be 0.4 mW, a wavelength of light rays was set to be 405 nm, an irradiation diameter was set to be 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays was set to be 204 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), thereby obtaining a display apparatus.

Example 2

[0160] (1) Preparation of Tb(TFA).sub.3phen

[0161] 12.5 mmol of terbium acetate (Tb(CH.sub.3COO).sub.3) was dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water, and 33.6 mmol of trifluoroacetyl acetone (TFA, CH.sub.3COCH.sub.2COCF.sub.3) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours at room temperature. The precipitated solid was filtered, rinsed, and then recrystallized using methanol and distilled water, thereby obtaining Tb(TFA).sub.3(H.sub.2O).sub.2. 5.77 g of the obtained complex Tb(TFA).sub.3(H.sub.2O).sub.2 and 2.5 g of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) were dissolved in 100 mL of methanol and heated under reflux for 12 hours. After 12 hours, methanol was removed by being distilled away under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining a white product. The powder was washed with toluene, unreacted raw materials were removed by suction filtration, and then toluene was distilled away under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining a powdery material. Recrystallization was performed using a mixed solvent of toluene and hexane, thereby obtaining Tb (TFA).sub.3phen.

[0162] (2) Manufacturing Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass, Laminated Glass, and Display Apparatus

[0163] An interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Eu(TFA).sub.3phen was changed to the obtained Tb(TFA).sub.3phen. Furthermore, a display apparatus was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the irradiation device was adjusted such that an output of light rays became 0.4 mW, a wavelength of light rays became 405 nm, an irradiation diameter became 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays became 204 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.).

Comparative Example 1

[0164] A display apparatus was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the irradiation device was adjusted such that an output of light rays became 10 mW, a wavelength of light rays became 405 nm, an irradiation diameter became 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays became 50,955 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.).

Reference Example 1

[0165] An interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Eu(TFA).sub.3phen was changed to naphthalimide (4,5-dimethyloxy-N-(2-ethyloxyl)naphthalimide). Furthermore, a display apparatus was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the irradiation device was adjusted such that an output of light rays became 0.4 mW, a wavelength of light rays became 405 nm, an irradiation diameter became 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays became 204 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.).

Example 3

[0166] (1) Preparation of Eu(HFA).sub.3phen

[0167] 3.38 g (12.5 mmol) of europium acetate (Eu(CH.sub.3COO).sub.3) was dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water, and 7.00 g (33.6 mmol) of hexafluoroacetone (HFA, CF.sub.3COCH.sub.2COCF.sub.3) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours at room temperature. The precipitated solid was filtered, rinsed, and then recrystallized using methanol and distilled water, thereby obtaining Eu(HFA).sub.3(H.sub.2O).sub.2. 7.20 g of the obtained complex Eu(HFA).sub.3(H.sub.2O).sub.2 and 2.5 g of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) were dissolved in 100 mL of methanol and heated under reflux for 12 hours. After 12 hours, methanol was removed by being distilled away under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining a white product. The powder was washed with toluene, unreacted raw materials were removed by suction filtration, and then toluene was distilled away under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining a powdery material. Recrystallization was performed using a mixed solvent of toluene and hexane, thereby obtaining Eu(HFA).sub.3phen.

[0168] (2) Manufacturing Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass, Laminated Glass, and Display Apparatus

[0169] An interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Eu(TFA).sub.3phen was changed to the obtained Eu(HFA).sub.3phen. Furthermore, a display apparatus was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the irradiation device was adjusted such that an output of light rays became 1 mW, a wavelength of light rays became 405 nm, an irradiation diameter became 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays became 509 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.).

Examples 4 to 6

[0170] An interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and a display apparatus were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the content of Eu(HFA).sub.3phen was changed to the values shown in Table 2, and the output of light rays, the irradiation diameter, and the density of light rays of the irradiation device were changed to the values shown in Table 2.

Example 7

[0171] (1) Preparation of Tb(HFA).sub.3phen

[0172] 3.46 g (12.5 mmol) of terbium acetate (Tb(CH.sub.3COO).sub.3) was dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water, and 7.00 g (33.6 mmol) of hexafluoroacetyl acetone (HFA, CF.sub.3COCH.sub.2COCF.sub.3) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours at room temperature. The precipitated solid was filtered, rinsed, and then recrystallized using methanol and distilled water, thereby obtaining Tb(HFA).sub.3(H.sub.2O).sub.2. 7.26 g of the obtained complex Tb(HFA).sub.3(H.sub.2O).sub.2 and 2.5 g of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) were dissolved in 100 mL of methanol and heated under reflux for 12 hours. After 12 hours, methanol was removed by being distilled away under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining a white product. The powder was washed with toluene, unreacted raw materials were removed by suction filtration, and then toluene was distilled away under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining a powdery material. Recrystallization was performed using a mixed solvent of toluene and hexane, thereby obtaining Tb(HFA).sub.3phen.

[0173] (2) Manufacturing Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass, Laminated Glass, and Display Apparatus

[0174] An interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Eu(TFA).sub.3phen was changed to the obtained Tb(HFA).sub.3phen. Furthermore, a display apparatus was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the irradiation device was adjusted such that an output of light rays became 1 mW, a wavelength of light rays became 365 nm, an irradiation diameter became 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays became 509 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.).

Examples 8 to 10

[0175] An interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and a display apparatus were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the formulation amount of Tb(HFA).sub.3phen was changed to the values shown in Table 2, and the output of the light rays, the irradiation diameter, and the density of light rays of the irradiation device were changed to the values shown in Table 2.

Example 11

[0176] An interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Eu(TFA).sub.3phen was changed to diethyl-2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate (“diethyl 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate” manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC.). Furthermore, a display apparatus was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the irradiation device was adjusted such that an output of light rays became 1 mW, a wavelength of light rays became 405 nm, an irradiation diameter became 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays became 509 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.).

Examples 12 to 14

[0177] An interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and a display apparatus were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the content of diethyl-2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate was changed to the values shown in Tables 2 and 3, and the output of the light rays, the irradiation diameter, and the density of light rays of the irradiation device were changed to the values shown in Tables 2 and 3.

Comparative Examples 2 to 10

[0178] An interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and a display apparatus were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the type of the luminescent material, the content of the luminescent material, and the output, the wavelength, the irradiation diameter, and the density of the light rays of the irradiation device were changed as shown in Table 3.

Example 15

[0179] (1) Manufacturing Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and Laminated Glass

[0180] 0.2 parts by weight of Eu(HFA).sub.3phen obtained in Example 3 and 0.2 parts by weight of 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (“Tinuvin 326” manufactured by BASF SE) as a UV absorber were added to 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), thereby preparing a luminescent plasticizer solution. The entirety of the obtained plasticizer solution and 100 parts by weight of the obtained polyvinyl butyral 1 were thoroughly kneaded together by using a mixing roll, thereby preparing a resin composition.

[0181] The obtained resin composition was extruded using an extruder, thereby obtaining an interlayer film for laminated glass (thickness: 760 μm).

[0182] For the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass, a total content of sodium, potassium, and magnesium was measured using an ICP emission spectrometer (“ICPE-9000” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). As a result, it was confirmed that the total content was 0 ppm.

[0183] The obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness: 2.5 mm) having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width), thereby obtaining a laminate. In a state of being kept at 90° C. in a vacuum laminator for 30 minutes, the obtained laminate was pressure-bonded by being subjected to vacuum pressing. After pressure bonding, the laminate was further pressure-bonded for 20 minutes by using an autoclave under conditions of 140° C. and 14 MPa, thereby obtaining laminated glass.

[0184] (2) Manufacturing Display Apparatus

[0185] The obtained laminated glass was combined with, as an irradiation device, a mercury light source (“REX-250” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.) for which an output of light rays was set to be 1 mW, a wavelength of light rays was set to be 405 nm, an irradiation diameter was set to be 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays was set to be 509 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), thereby obtaining a display apparatus.

Examples 16 and 17

[0186] An interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and a display apparatus were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 15, except that the type of the luminescent material, the content of the luminescent material, and the wavelength of the light rays of the irradiation device were changed as shown in Table 4.

Example 18

[0187] (1) Preparation of Resin Compositions for First and Second Resin Layers

[0188] 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) and 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral 1 were thoroughly kneaded together by using a mixing roll, thereby preparing a resin composition for first and second resin layers.

[0189] (2) Preparation of Resin Composition for Luminescent Layer

[0190] A 2 m.sup.3 reactor equipped with a stirrer was filled with 1,700 kg of a 7.5% by mass aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization: 2,400, degree of saponification: 88 mol %), 119.4 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, and the resultant was cooled to 14° C. as a whole. 99.44 L of nitric acid having a concentration of 30% by mass was added thereto such that butyralization of PVA was started. 10 minutes after the end of the addition of nitric acid, the temperature started to be increased up to 65° C. for 90 minutes, and then the reaction was further performed for 120 minutes. Then, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the precipitated solid content was filtered and then washed 10 times with deionized water in an amount of 10 times as much as the amount of the solid contents in terms of mass (washing before neutralization). Thereafter, the solid content was thoroughly neutralized by using a 0.3% by mass aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, washed 10 times with deionized water in an amount of 10 times as much as the amount of the solid contents in terms of mass (washing after neutralization), and dehydrated and dried, thereby obtaining polyvinyl butyral 2 (hereinafter, referred to as “PVB2” as well). In PVB2, an amount of acetyl groups was 12 mol %, an amount of butyral groups was 65 mol %, and an amount of hydroxyl groups was 23 mol %. 0.5 parts by weight of Eu(HFA).sub.3phen obtained in Example 3 was added to 60 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), thereby preparing a luminescent plasticizer solution. The entirety of the obtained plasticizer solution and 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl butyral 2 were thoroughly kneaded together by using a mixing roll, thereby preparing a resin composition for a luminescent layer.

[0191] (3) Manufacturing Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and Laminated Glass

[0192] The resin composition for a luminescent layer and the resin composition for the first and second resin layers were co-extruded using a co-extruder, thereby obtaining an interlayer film for laminated glass in which the first resin layer, the luminescent layer, and the second resin layer were laminated in this order. The luminescent layer had a thickness of 100 μm, and each of the first and second resin layers had a thickness of 350 μm. Therefore, a thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass was 800 μm, and all of the layers had a rectangular shape.

[0193] The obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness: 2.5 mm) having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width), thereby obtaining a laminate. In a state of being kept at 90° C. for 30 minutes in a vacuum laminator, the obtained laminate was pressure-bonded by being subjected to vacuum pressing. After pressure bonding, the laminate was further pressure-bonded for 20 minutes by using an autoclave under conditions of 140° C. and 14 MPa, thereby obtaining laminated glass.

[0194] (4) Manufacturing Display Apparatus

[0195] The obtained laminated glass was combined with, as an irradiation device, a mercury light source (“REX-250” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.) for which an output of light rays was set to be 1 mW, a wavelength of light rays was set to be 405 nm, an irradiation diameter was set to be 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays was set to be 509 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), thereby obtaining a display apparatus.

Examples 19 and 20

[0196] An interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and a display apparatus were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 18, except that the type of the luminescent material and the wavelength of the light rays of the irradiation device were changed as shown in Table 5.

Example 21

[0197] (1) Manufacturing Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and Laminated Glass

[0198] The resin composition for a luminescent layer and the resin composition for the first and second resin layers obtained in Example 18 were co-extruded using a co-extruder, thereby obtaining an interlayer film for laminated glass in which the first resin layer, the luminescent layer, and the second resin layer were laminated in this order. At this time, the shape of a die of the co-extruder was changed so as to obtain a rectangular luminescent layer which had a thickness of 100 μm, a wedge-shaped first resin layer in which a thick portion had a thickness of 600 μm and a thin portion had a thickness of 350 μm, and a wedge-shaped second resin layer in which a thick portion had a thickness of 600 μm and a thin portion had a thickness of 350 μm. Herein, the shortest distance between one end and the other end, which were in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the obtained interlayer film, of the interlayer film for laminated glass was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that the shortest distance was 1 m.

[0199] An interlayer film having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width) was cut off from the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass, such that, within the shortest distance between one end and the other end, which were in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass, a point 5 cm distant from one end of the thin side of the interlayer film for laminated glass became the center. The obtained interlayer film having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width) was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness: 2.5 mm) having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width), thereby obtaining a laminate. In a state of being kept at 90° C. for 30 minutes in a vacuum laminator, the obtained laminate was pressure-bonded by being subjected to vacuum pressing. After pressure bonding, the laminate was further pressure-bonded for 20 minutes by using an autoclave under conditions of 140° C. and 14 MPa, thereby obtaining laminated glass.

[0200] (2) Manufacturing Display Apparatus

[0201] The obtained laminated glass was combined with, as an irradiation device, a mercury light source (“REX-250” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.) for which an output of light rays was set to be 1 mW, a wavelength of light rays was set to be 405 nm, an irradiation diameter was set to be 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays was set to be 509 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), thereby obtaining a display apparatus.

Examples 22 and 23

[0202] An interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and a display apparatus were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 21, except that the type of the luminescent material and the wavelength of the light rays of the irradiation device were changed as shown in Table 5.

Example 24

[0203] (1) Preparation of Resin Composition for First and Second Luminescent Layers

[0204] 0.22 parts by weight of Eu(HFA).sub.3phen obtained in Example 3 was added to 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), thereby preparing a luminescent plasticizer solution. The entirety of the obtained plasticizer solution and 100 parts by weight of the obtained polyvinyl butyral 1 were thoroughly kneaded together by using a mixing roll, thereby preparing a resin composition for first and second luminescent layers.

[0205] (2) Preparation of Resin Composition for Non-Luminescent Layer

[0206] 60 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) and 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl butyral 2 were thoroughly kneaded together by using a mixing roll, thereby obtaining a resin composition for a non-luminescent layer.

[0207] (3) Manufacturing Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and Laminated Glass

[0208] The resin composition for a non-luminescent layer and the resin composition for the first and second luminescent layers were co-extruded using a co-extruder, thereby obtaining an interlayer film for laminated glass in which the first luminescent layer, the non-luminescent layer, and the second luminescent layer were laminated in this order. The non-luminescent layer had a thickness of 100 μm, and each of the first and second luminescent layers had a thickness of 350 μm. Therefore, the interlayer film for laminated glass had a thickness of 800 μm, and all of the layers had a rectangular shape.

[0209] The obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness: 2.5 mm) having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width). In a state of being kept at 90° C. for 30 minutes in a vacuum laminator, the obtained laminate was pressure-bonded by being subjected to vacuum pressing. After pressure bonding, the laminate was further pressure-bonded for 20 minutes by using an autoclave under conditions of 140° C. and 14 MPa, thereby obtaining laminated glass.

[0210] (4) Manufacturing Display Apparatus

[0211] The obtained laminated glass was combined with, as an irradiation device, a mercury light source (“REX-250” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.) for which an output of light rays was set to be 1 mW, a wavelength of light rays was set to be 405 nm, an irradiation diameter was set to be 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays was set to be 509 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), thereby obtaining a display apparatus.

Examples 25 and 26

[0212] An interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and a display apparatus were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 24, except that the type of the luminescent material and the wavelength of the light rays of the irradiation device were changed as shown in Table 6.

Example 27

[0213] (1) Manufacturing Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and Laminated Glass

[0214] The resin composition for a non-luminescent layer and the resin composition for the first and second luminescent layers obtained in Example 24 were co-extruded using a co-extruder, thereby obtaining an interlayer film for laminated glass in which the first luminescent layer, the non-luminescent layer, and the second luminescent layer were laminated in this order. At this time, the shape of a die of the co-extruder was changed so as to obtain a rectangular non-luminescent layer which had a thickness of 100 μm, a wedge-shaped first luminescent layer in which a thick portion had a thickness of 600 μm and a thin portion had a thickness of 350 μm, and a wedge-shaped second luminescent layer in which a thick portion had a thickness of 600 μm and a thin portion had a thickness of 350 μm. Herein, the shortest distance between one end and the other end, which were in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the obtained interlayer film, of the interlayer film was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that the shortest distance was 1 m.

[0215] An interlayer film having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width) was cut off from the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass, such that, within the shortest distance between one end and the other end, which were in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the interlayer film for laminated glass, a point 5 cm distant from one end of the thin side of the interlayer film for laminated glass became the center. The obtained interlayer film having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width) was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness: 2.5 mm) having a size of 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width), thereby obtaining a laminate. In a state of being kept at 90° C. for 30 minutes in a vacuum laminator, the obtained laminate was pressure-bonded by being subjected to vacuum pressing. After pressure bonding, the laminate was further pressure-bonded for 20 minutes by using an autoclave under conditions of 140° C. and 14 MPa, thereby obtaining laminated glass.

[0216] (2) Manufacturing Display Apparatus

[0217] The obtained laminated glass was combined with, as an irradiation device, a mercury light source (“REX-250” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.) for which an output of light rays was set to be 1 mW, a wavelength of light rays was set to be 405 nm, an irradiation diameter was set to be 0.05 cmφ, and a density of light rays was set to be 509 mW/cm.sup.2 by the output adjustment of the light source, a dedicated band path filter (“LX0405” manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), a rod lens (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), and fiber (manufactured by Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd.), thereby obtaining a display apparatus.

Examples 28 and 29

[0218] An interlayer film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and a display apparatus were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 27, except that the type of the luminescent material and the wavelength of the light rays of the irradiation device were changed as shown in Table 6.

[0219] (Evaluation)

[0220] For the laminated glass obtained in examples and comparative examples, the luminance and safety thereof at the time when the laminated glass was irradiated with light rays were evaluated by the following methods.

[0221] The results are shown in Tables 1 to 6.

[0222] (1) Evaluation of Luminance

[0223] The 5 cm (length)×5 cm (width) laminated glass obtained in Examples 1 to 29 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 was disposed in a dark room, and each of the irradiation devices of Examples 1 to 29 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 was disposed in a position 10 cm distant from the laminated glass in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the laminated glass. Then, a luminance meter (“SR-3AR” manufactured by TOPCON TECHNOHOUSE CORPORATION) was disposed on the side irradiated with light, in a position in which the shortest distance between the surface of the laminated glass and the luminance meter became 35 cm, at an angle of 45° with respect to the surface of the laminated glass irradiated with light. Thereafter, by irradiating the laminated glass with light from the irradiation device, the luminance of the laminated glass was measured.

[0224] The luminance was measured before and after the laminated glass was thermally treated at 100° C. for 4 weeks.

[0225] Furthermore, the luminance was measured in the central portion and at the edge (portion 2 cm distant from the end of a sample) of the laminated glass.

[0226] Regarding the initial luminance of the laminated glass, in a case where the initial luminance measured in the central portion and at the edge was equal to or greater than 5 cd/m.sup.2, the laminated glass was evaluated to be “OO”; in a case where the initial luminance was equal to or greater than 1 cd/m.sup.2 and less than 5 cd/m.sup.2, the laminated glass was evaluated to be “O”; and in a case where the initial luminance was less than 1 cd/m.sup.2, the laminated glass was evaluated to be “X”.

[0227] Regarding the heat resistance of the laminated glass, in a case where an absolute value of an amount of change of luminance measured in the central portion and at the edge before and after the thermal treatment performed at 100° C. for 4 weeks was equal to or less than 5 cd/m.sup.2, the laminated glass was evaluated to be “O”; and in a case where the absolute value of the amount of change of luminance was greater than 5 cd/m.sup.2, the laminated glass was evaluated to be “X”. For laminated glass in which the initial luminance was less than 5 cd/m.sup.2, heat resistance was not evaluated.

[0228] The output of the radiated light rays was obtained by calculation according to the ISO 11146 standards based on measurement results obtained by measuring irradiation intensity by using a laser power meter (“BeamTrack power measurement sensor 3A-QUAD” manufactured by Ophir Japan Ltd.) disposed in a position 10 cm distant from a light source. The density of the radiated light rays was obtained by calculation according to the ISO 11146 standards based on measurement results obtained by measuring a cumulative UV dose per unit area by using an cumulative UV meter (“UIT-250” manufactured by USHIO INC.) disposed in a position 10 cm distant from a light source. The irradiation diameter of the radiated light rays was obtained by calculation according to the ISO 11146 standards based on measurement results obtained using a CCD sensor and a CMOS sensor (a “USB 2.0 beam diagnostic camera Laser Cam HR” manufactured by Coherent Japan Inc.) disposed in a position 10 cm distant from a light source.

[0229] (2) Nightvision Evaluation

[0230] Each of the display apparatuses obtained in examples and comparative examples was caused to stand in a dark room and operated. An observer was caused to stand on the same side as the light source such that the observer's eyes were in a position 1 m distant from an image formed on the display apparatus. The operating display apparatus was observed by 20 observers. In a case where 15 or more observers answered that they easily observed the image, the display apparatus was evaluated to be “OO”; in a case where the number of observers answered as above was equal to or greater than 10 and less than 15, the display apparatus was evaluated to be “O”; and in a case where the number of observers answered as above was less than 10, the display apparatus was evaluated to be “X”. In this way, nightvision performance was evaluated.

[0231] (3) Evaluation of Safety

[0232] Regarding the safety of the display apparatus, in a case where the output of the light rays radiated from the irradiation device was equal to or less than 1 mW, the display apparatus was evaluated to be “0”, and in a case where the output of the light rays was greater than 1 mW, the display apparatus was evaluated to be “X”.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Example Example Comparative Reference 1 2 Example 1 Example 1 Polyvinyl butyral Part by weight 100 100 100 100 Plasticizer (3GO) Part by weight 40 40 40 40 Luminescent Eu(TFA).sub.3phen Part by weight 0.2 — 0.2 — material Tb(TFA).sub.3phen Part by weight — 0.2 — — Naphthalimide Part by weight — — — 0.2 Light rays Output mW 0.4 0.4 10 0.4 Irradiation diameter cmφ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 204 204 50,955 204 Evaluation Evaluation of Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 11 30 150 460 luminance glass Luminance after 4 W at 100° C. cd/m.sup.2 10.5 28 — 445 Central Heat resistance (Δluminance) cd/m.sup.2 0.5 2 — 15 portion Evaluation of initial luminance — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ Evaluation of heat resistance — ◯ ◯ — X Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 11 30 150 460 glass Luminance after 4 W at 100° C. cd/m.sup.2 10.9 29 — 480 Edge Heat resistance (Δluminance) cd/m.sup.2 0.1 1 — −20 Evaluation of initial luminance — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ Evaluation of heat resistance — ◯ ◯ — X Evaluation of nightvision — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯ Evaluation of safety — ◯ ◯ X ◯

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example Example Example Example Example 3 4 5 6 7 Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 100 100 weight Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 40 40 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — — — — 0.2 weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — — — — dihydroxyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — — — weight Light rays Wavelength nm 405 405 405 405 405 Output mW 1 0.1 1 1 1 Irradiation diameter cmφ 0.05 0.05 0.05 3 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 509 50.9 509 0.14 509 Evaluation Evaluation Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 30 10 60 8 80 of glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 28 8 58 7 78 luminance Central at 100° C. portion Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 2 2 2 1 2 (Δluminance) Evaluation of initial — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ luminance Evaluation of heat — ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ resistance Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 32 12 63 10 83 glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 30 11 60 8 80 Edge at 100° C. Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 2 1 3 2 3 (Δluminance) Evaluation of initial — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ luminance Evaluation of heat — ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ resistance Evaluation of nightvision — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ Evaluation of safety — ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example Example Example Example Example 8 9 10 11 12 Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 100 100 weight Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 40 40 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — — — — — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.2 0.4 0.2 — — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — — 0.2 0.2 dihydroxyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — — — weight Light rays Wavelength nm 405 405 405 405 405 Output mW 0.1 1 1 1 0.1 Irradiation diameter cmφ 0.05 0.05 3 0.05 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 50.9 509 0.14 509 50.9 Evaluation Evaluation Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 25 160 20 400 110 of glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 22 158 18 401 112 luminance Central at 100° C. portion Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 3 2 2 −1 −2 (Δluminance) Evaluation of initial — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ luminance Evaluation of heat — ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ resistance Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 28 162 21 395 115 glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 25 158 19 398 118 Edge at 100° C. Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 3 4 2 −3 −3 (Δluminance) Evaluation of initial — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ luminance Evaluation of heat — ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ resistance Evaluation of nightvision — ◯◯ ◯ ◯◯ ◯ ◯◯ Evaluation of safety — ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Example Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative 13 14 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 100 100 100 weight Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 40 40 40 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — — — 0.002 — — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — — — — 0.002 — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by 0.4 0.2 — — — 0.002 dihydrozyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — — — — weight Light rays Wavelength nm 405 405 405 405 405 405 Output mW 1 1 1 1 1 1 Irradiation diameter cmφ 0.05 3 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 509 0.14 509 509 509 509 Evaluation Evaluation Laminated Initial cd/m.sup.2 650 50 0 0.01 0.02 0.07 of glass luminance luminance Central Luminance cd/m.sup.2 651 54 — — — — portion after 4 W at 100° C. Heat cd/m.sup.2 −1 −4 — — — — resistance (Δluminance) Evaluation — ◯◯ ◯◯ X X X X of initial luminance Evaluation — ◯ ◯ — — — — of heat resistance Laminated Initial cd/m.sup.2 655 55 0 0.02 0.03 0.08 glass luminance Edge Luminance cd/m.sup.2 656 58 — — — — after 4 W at 100° C. Heat cd/m.sup.2 −1 −3 — — — — resistance (Δluminance) Evaluation — ◯◯ ◯◯ X X X X of initial luminance Evaluation — ◯ ◯ — — — — of heat resistance Evaluation of nightvision — ◯ ◯◯ X X X X Evaluation of safety — ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Comparative Comparative Ccmparative Comparative Comparative Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 100 100 weight Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 40 40 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.2 — — 0.2 0.2 material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — 0.2 — — — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — 0.2 — — dihydrozyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — — — weight Light rays Wavelength nm 405 405 405 405 405 Output mW 1 1 1 1.5 2 Irradiation diameter cmφ 10 10 10 0.05 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 0.013 0.013 0.013 754 1020 Evaluation Evaluation Laminated Initial cd/m.sup.2 0.01 0.03 0.04 50 62 of glass luminance luminance Central Luminance cd/m.sup.2 — — — 48 59 portion after 4 W at 100° C. Heat cd/m.sup.2 — — — 2 3 resistance (Δluminance) Evaluation — X X X ◯◯ ◯◯ of initial luminance Evaluation — — — — ◯ ◯ of heat resistance Laminated Initial cd/m.sup.2 0.01 0.03 0.05 52 65 glass luminance Edge Luminance cd/m.sup.2 — — — 50 62 after 4 W at 100° C. Heat cd/m.sup.2 — — — 2 3 resistance (Δluminance) Evaluation — X X X ◯◯ ◯◯ of initial luminance Evaluation — — — — ◯ ◯ of heat resistance Evaluation of nightvision — X X X ◯◯ ◯◯ Evaluation of safety — ◯ ◯ ◯ X X

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example Example Example 15 16 17 Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 weight Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.2 — — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — 0.2 — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — 0.2 dihydroxyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — weight UV absorbing Tinuvin 326 Part by 0.2 0.2 0.2 material weight Light rays Wavelength nm 405 405 405 Output mW 1 1 1 Irradiation diameter cmφ 0.05 0.05 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 509 509 509 Evaluation Evaluation of laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 26 77 398 luminance glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 24 75 400 Central at 100° C. portion Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 2 2 −2 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ initial luminance Evaluation of — ◯ ◯ ◯ heat resistance Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 28 80 400 glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 26 77 402 Edge at 100° C. Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 2 3 −2 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ initial luminance Evaluation of — ◯ ◯ ◯ heat resistance Evaluation of nightvision — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯ Evaluation of safety — ◯ ◯ ◯

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Example Example Example 18 19 20 First Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 resin weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 weight Shape — Rectangle Rectangle Rectangle Thickness of first resin μm 350 350 350 layer (thick portion) Thickness of first resin μm 350 350 350 layer (thin portion) Luminescent Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 layer weight (layer 1) Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 60 60 60 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.5 — — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — 0.5 — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — 0.5 dihydroxyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — weight Film thickness μm 100 100 100 Second Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 resin weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 weight Shape — Rectangle Rectangle Rectangle Thickness of second resin μm 350 350 350 layer (thick portion) Thickness of second resin μm 350 350 350 layer (thin portion) Film shape Shape — Rectangle Rectangle Rectangle Laminated structure — First First First resin layer/ resin layer/ resin layer/ luminescent luminescent luminescent layer/second layer/second layer/second resin layer resin layer resin layer Wedge angle mrad 0 0 0 Total film thickness μm 800 800 800 (thick portion) Total film thickness μm 800 800 800 (thin portion) Light rays Wavelength nm 405 405 405 Output mW 1 1 1 Irradiation diameter cmφ 0.05 0.05 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 509 509 509 Evaluation Evaluation Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 15 30 140 of glass Luminance after cd/m.sup.2 12 27 141 luminance Central 4 W at 100° C. portion Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 3 3 −1 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ initial luminance Evaluation of — ◯ ◯ ◯ heat resistance Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 18 33 145 glass Luminance after cd/m.sup.2 14 29 148 Edge 4 W at 100° C. Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 4 4 −3 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ initial luminance Evaluation of — ◯ ◯ ◯ heat resistance Evaluation of nightvision — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ Evaluation of safety — ◯ ◯ ◯ Example Example Example 21 22 23 First Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 resin weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 weight Shape — Wedge Wedge Wedge Thickness of first resin μm 350 350 350 layer (thick portion) Thickness of first resin μm 600 600 600 layer (thin portion) Luminescent Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 layer weight (layer 1) Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 60 60 80 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.5 — — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — 0.5 — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — 0.5 dihydroxyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — weight Film thickness μm 100 100 100 Second Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 resin weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 weight Shape — Wedge Wedge Wedge Thickness of second resin μm 350 350 350 layer (thick portion) Thickness of second resin μm 600 600 600 layer (thin portion) Film shape Shape — Wedge Wedge Wedge Laminated structure — First First First resin layer/ resin layer/ resin layer/ luminescent luminescent luminescent layer/second layer/second layer/second resin layer resin layer resin layer Wedge angle mrad 0.5 0.5 0.5 Total film thickness μm 1,300 1,300 1,300 (thick portion) Total film thickness μm 800 800 800 (thin portion) Light rays Wavelength nm 405 405 405 Output mW 1 1 1 Irradiation diameter cmφ 0.05 0.05 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 509 509 509 Evaluation Evaluation Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 13 28 137 of glass Luminance after cd/m.sup.2 12 25 136 luminance Central 4 W at 100° C. portion Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 1 3 1 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ initial luminance Evaluation of — ◯ ◯ ◯ heat resistance Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 15 30 140 glass Luminance after cd/m.sup.2 12 28 143 Edge 4 W at 100° C. Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 3 2 −3 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ initial luminance Evaluation of — ◯ ◯ ◯ heat resistance Evaluation of nightvision — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ Evaluation of safety — ◯ ◯ ◯

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Example Example Example 24 25 26 First Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 luminescent weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.22 — — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — 0.22 — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — 0.22 dihydroxyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — weight Shape — Rectangle Rectangle Rectangle Thickness of first luminescent μm 350 350 350 layer (thick portion) Thickness of first luminescent μm 350 350 350 layer (thin portion) Non- Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 luminescent weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 60 60 60 (layer 1) weight Shape — Rectangle Rectangle Rectangle Film thickness μm 100 100 100 Second Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 luminescent weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.22 — — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — 0.22 — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — 0.22 dihydroxyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — weight Shape — Rectangle Rectangle Rectangle Thickness of second luminescent μm 350 350 350 layer (thick portion) Thickness of second luminescent μm 350 350 350 layer (thin portion) Film shape Shape — Rectangle Rectangle Rectangle Laminated structure — First First First luminescent luminescent luminescent layer/non- layer/non- layer/non- luminescent luminescent luminescent layer/second layer/second layer/second luminescent luminescent luminescent layer layer layer Wedge angle mrad 0 0 0 Total film thickness μm 800 800 800 (thick portion) Total film thickness μm 800 800 800 (thin portion) Light rays Wavelength nm 405 405 405 Output mW 1 1 1 Irradiation diameter cmφ 0.05 0.05 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 509 509 509 Evaluation Evaluation Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 32 80 420 of glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 30 78 423 luminance Central at 100° C. portion Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 2 2 −3 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ inital luminance Evaluation of heat — ◯ ◯ ◯ resistance Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 34 79 422 glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 30 75 421 Edge at 100° C. Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 4 4 1 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ inital luminance Evaluation of heat — ◯ ◯ ◯ resistance Evaluation of nightvision — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯ Evalutaion of safety — ◯ ◯ ◯ Example Example Example 27 28 29 First Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 luminescent weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.22 — — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — 0.22 — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — 0.22 dihydroxyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — weight Shape — Wedge Wedge Wedge Thickness of first luminescent μm 350 350 350 layer (thick portion) Thickness of first luminescent μm 600 600 600 layer (thin portion) Non- Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 luminescent weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 60 60 60 (layer 1) weight Shape — Rectangle Rectangle Rectangle Film thickness μm 100 100 100 Second Polyvinyl butyral Part by 100 100 100 luminescent weight layer Plasticizer (3GO) Part by 40 40 40 weight Luminescent Eu(HFA).sub.3phen Part by 0.22 — — material weight Tb(HFA).sub.3phen Part by — 0.22 — weight Diethyl 2,5- Part by — — 0.22 dihydroxyterephthalate weight Naphthalimide Part by — — — weight Shape — Wedge Wedge Wedge Thickness of second luminescent μm 350 350 350 layer (thick portion) Thickness of second luminescent μm 600 600 600 layer (thin portion) Film shape Shape — Wedge Wedge Wedge Laminated structure — First First First luminescent luminescent luminescent layer/non- layer/non- layer/non- luminescent luminescent luminescent layer/second layer/second layer/second luminescent luminescent luminescent layer layer layer Wedge angle mrad 0.5 0.5 0.5 Total film thickness μm 1,300 1,300 1,300 (thick portion) Total film thickness μm 800 800 800 (thin portion) Light rays Wavelength nm 405 405 405 Output mW 1 1 1 Irradiation diameter cmφ 0.05 0.05 0.05 Density mW/cm.sup.2 509 509 509 Evaluation Evaluation Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 30 82 425 of glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 29 79 428 luminance Central at 100° C. portion Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 1 3 −3 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ inital luminance Evaluation of heat — ◯ ◯ ◯ resistance Laminated Initial luminance cd/m.sup.2 32 34 425 glass Luminance after 4 W cd/m.sup.2 28 81 426 Edge at 100° C. Heat resistance cd/m.sup.2 4 3 −1 (Δluminance) Evaluation of — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯◯ inital luminance Evaluation of heat — ◯ ◯ ◯ resistance Evaluation of nightvision — ◯◯ ◯◯ ◯ Evalutaion of safety — ◯ ◯ ◯

[0233] According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to provide a display apparatus from which a predetermined initial luminance is obtained even in a case where the display apparatus is irradiated with low-intensity light rays, an interlayer film for laminated glass, and laminated glass.

[0234] Although embodiments of the disclosure have been described using specific terms, devices, and methods, such description is for illustrative purposes only. The words used are words of description rather than limitation. It is to be understood that changes and variations may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit or the scope of the present disclosure, which is set forth in the following claims. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged in whole or in part. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred versions contained therein.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0235] 1 interlayer film for laminated glass [0236] 11 luminescent layer [0237] 12 shape-adjusting layer [0238] 2 interlayer film for laminated glass [0239] 21 luminescent layer [0240] 22 shape-adjusting layer [0241] 23 shape-adjusting layer [0242] 3 interlayer film for laminated glass [0243] 31 luminescent layer [0244] 32 shape-adjusting layer [0245] 33 shape-adjusting layer